{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:35:51Z","timestamp":1793061351921,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-38311-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:48:35Z","timestamp":1792108115000},"page":"17196-17219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection, characterization, and quantification of microplastics in human biological matrices: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7969-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"R\u00edos-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7879-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Carolina","family":"Machado-Sulbaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3849-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Flores-Payan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda-Isadora","family":"Corona-Meraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2626-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Vladimir","family":"Muro-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5758-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belkis","family":"Sulbaran-Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"38311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/S41561-019-0335-5","volume":"12","author":"S Allen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allen S, Allen D, Phoenix VR, Le Roux G, Dur\u00e1ntez Jim\u00e9nez P, Simonneau A, Binet S, Galop D (2019) Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment. Nat Geosci 12(5):339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41561-019-0335-5","journal-title":"Nat Geosci"},{"key":"38311_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126124","author":"LF Amato-Louren\u00e7o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amato-Louren\u00e7o LF, Carvalho-Oliveira R, J\u00fanior GR, dos Santos Galv\u00e3o L, Ando RA, Mauad T (2021) Presence of airborne microplastics in human lung tissue. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126124","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"38311_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOX.2020.152665","volume":"449","author":"R An","year":"2021","unstructured":"An R, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang J, Wang N, Xu F, Hou Y, Zhang H, Zhang L (2021) Polystyrene microplastics cause granulosa cells apoptosis and fibrosis in ovary through oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology 449:152665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TOX.2020.152665","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MARPOLBUL.2017.01.082","volume":"119","author":"AL Andrady","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrady AL (2017) The plastic in microplastics: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 119(1):12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MARPOLBUL.2017.01.082","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"38311_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129439","author":"C Baeza-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baeza-Mart\u00ednez C, Olmos S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Pleiter M, L\u00f3pez-Castellanos J, Garc\u00eda-Pach\u00f3n E, Masi\u00e1-Canuto M, Hern\u00e1ndez-Blasco L, Bayo J (2022) First evidence of microplastics isolated in European citizens\u2019 lower airway. J Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129439","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"38311_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ACA.2025.344606","volume":"1376","author":"JR Bissonnette","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bissonnette JR, Harvey NE, Rowsell ML, Kiefte S, Houthuijs KJ, B\u00e9en FM, Lamoree MH, Cahill LS, Jobst KJ (2025) Identification of micro-\/nanoplastics in human placental blood using comprehensive multidimensional pyrolysis - gas chromatography x ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1376:344606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ACA.2025.344606","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"38311_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bobb JF, Claus HB, Valeri L, Coull BA (2018) Statistical software for analyzing the health effects of multiple concurrent exposures via Bayesian kernel machine regression. Environ Health 17(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-018-0413-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0413-y"},{"key":"38311_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13070921","author":"T Braun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braun T, Ehrlich L, Henrich W, Koeppel S, Lomako I, Schwabl P, Liebmann B (2021) Detection of microplastic in human placenta and meconium in a clinical setting. Pharmaceutics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13070921","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"38311_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH17041212","volume":"17","author":"C Campanale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campanale C, Massarelli C, Savino I, Locaputo V, Uricchio VF (2020) A detailed review study on potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(4):1212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJERPH17041212","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/S13253-014-0180-3","volume":"20","author":"C Carrico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carrico C, Gennings C, Wheeler DC, Factor-Litvak P (2015) Characterization of weighted quantile sum regression for highly correlated data in a risk analysis setting. J Agric Biol Environ Stat 20(1):100\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13253-014-0180-3","journal-title":"J Agric Biol Environ Stat"},{"key":"38311_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2025.181304","volume":"1013","author":"MC Christodoulou","year":"2026","unstructured":"Christodoulou MC, Stylianou M, Voukkali I, Naddeo V, Barcello D, Kepertis C, Zorpas AA (2026) Unveiling the presence of micro and nanoplastics in human biological matrices: a systematic review covering the latest five years from 2020 to 2025. Sci Total Environ 1013:181304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2025.181304","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170262","volume":"916","author":"S De Boever","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Boever S, Devisscher L, Vinken M (2024) Unraveling the micro- and nanoplastic predicament: a human-centric insight. Sci Total Environ 916:170262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170262","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46687","author":"Y Deng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lemos B, Ren H (2017) Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep46687","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"38311_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2021.125969","volume":"416","author":"A Dimitriadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dimitriadi A, Papaefthimiou C, Genizegkini E, Sampsonidis I, Kalogiannis S, Feidantsis K, Bobori DC, Kastrinaki G, Koumoundouros G, Lambropoulou DA, Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN (2021) Adverse effects polystyrene microplastics exert on zebrafish heart \u2013 molecular to individual level. J Hazard Mater 416:125969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2021.125969","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"11","key":"38311_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1007\/S00216-022-03951-6","volume":"414","author":"M Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong M, She Z, Xiong X, Ouyang G, Luo Z (2022) Automated analysis of microplastics based on vibrational spectroscopy: are we measuring the same metrics? Anal Bioanal Chem 414(11):3359\u20133372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00216-022-03951-6","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"38311_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.127005","author":"C Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong C, Xu H, Zhang B, Lin Y, Song J, Yu J, Ma D (2025) Microplastic accumulation in endometrial cancer tissues and its metabolic impact. Environ Pollut. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.127005","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S43591-021-00024-W","volume":"2","author":"JM Donkers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donkers JM, H\u00f6ppener EM, Grigoriev I, Will L, Melgert BN, van der Zaan B, van de Steeg E, Kooter IM (2022) Advanced epithelial lung and gut barrier models demonstrate passage of microplastic particles. Microplastics Nanoplastics 2(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S43591-021-00024-W","journal-title":"Microplastics Nanoplastics"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae021","volume":"199","author":"MA Garcia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia MA, Liu R, Nihart A, Hayek EE, Castillo E, Barrozo ER, Suter MA, Bleske B, Scott J, Forsythe K, Gonzalez-Estrella J, Aagaard KM, Campen MJ (2024) Quantitation and identification of microplastics accumulation in human placental specimens using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Toxicol Sci 199(1):81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae021","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/publications14010004","volume":"14","author":"E Gualdi-Russo","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gualdi-Russo E, Zaccagni L (2026) The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of studies in systematic reviews. Publications (Basel) 14(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/publications14010004","journal-title":"Publications (Basel)"},{"key":"38311_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halfar J, \u010cabanov\u00e1 K, V\u00e1vra K, Delongov\u00e1 P, Motyka O, \u0160pa\u010dek R, Kukutschov\u00e1 J, \u0160imetka O, Hevi\u00e1nkov\u00e1 S (2023) Microplastics and additives in patients with preterm birth: The first evidence of their presence in both human amniotic fluid and placenta. Chemosphere 343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140301"},{"key":"38311_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108757","author":"S He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He S, Zhang Y (2025) Detection and quantification of microplastics in endometrial polyps and their role in polyp formation. Reprod Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108757","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"38311_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Higgins, Higgins JPT, Morgan RL, Rooney AA, Taylor KW, Thayer KA, Silva RA, Lemeris C, Akl EA, Bateson TF, Berkman ND, Glenn BS, Hrobjartsson A, LaKind JS, McAleenan A, Meerpohl JJ, Nachman RM, Obbagy JE, O\u02bcConnor A, Radke EG, Savovic J, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Shea B, Tilling K, Verbeek J, Viswanathan M, Sterne JAC (2024) A tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized follow-up studies of exposure effects (ROBINS-E). Environ Int 186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602"},{"key":"38311_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EBIOM.2022.104147","author":"T Horvatits","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horvatits T, Tamminga M, Liu B, Sebode M, Carambia A, Fischer L, P\u00fcschel K, Huber S, Fischer EK (2022) Microplastics detected in cirrhotic liver tissue. EBioMedicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EBIOM.2022.104147","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"38311_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2020.124028","volume":"405","author":"B Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou B, Wang F, Liu T, Wang Z (2021) Reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: in vivo experimental study on testicular toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater 405:124028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2020.124028","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"38311_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1159\/000547873","volume":"187","author":"J Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu J, Zheng Y, Gao Y (2025) The impact of microplastics on allergy: current status and future research directions. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 187(5):547\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000547873","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"38311_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c03859","volume":"56","author":"S Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang S, Huang X, Bi R, Guo Q, Yu X, Zeng Q, Huang Z, Liu T, Wu H, Chen Y, Xu J, Wu Y, Guo P (2022) Detection and analysis of microplastics in human sputum. Environ Sci Technol 56(4):2476\u20132486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c03859","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12457","volume":"5","author":"YS Ibrahim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ibrahim YS, Tuan Anuar S, Azmi AA, Wan Mohd Khalik WMA, Lehata S, Hamzah SR, Ismail D, Ma ZF, Dzulkarnaen A, Zakaria Z, Mustaffa N, Tuan Sharif SE, Lee YY (2021) Detection of microplastics in human colectomy specimens. JGH Open 5(1):116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgh3.12457","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"38311_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121278","author":"F Jahedi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jahedi F, Haghighi Fard NJ, Ahmadi M, Takdastan A, Shoushtari MH, Dehbandi R, Turner A (2025) Microplastics in urine, sputum and lung lavage fluid from patients with respiratory illnesses. Environ Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121278","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"38311_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154907","author":"LC Jenner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jenner LC, Rotchell JM, Bennett RT, Cowen M, Tentzeris V, Sadofsky LR (2022) Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using \u03bcFTIR spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154907","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"38311_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EMCON.2024.100369","volume":"10","author":"E Jeong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeong E, Lee JY, Redwan M (2024) Animal exposure to microplastics and health effects: a review. Emerg Contam 10(4):100369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EMCON.2024.100369","journal-title":"Emerg Contam"},{"key":"38311_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2018.08.353","volume":"649","author":"Y Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin Y, Lu L, Tu W, Luo T, Fu Z (2019) Impacts of polystyrene microplastic on the gut barrier, microbiota and metabolism of mice. Sci Total Environ 649:308\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2018.08.353","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2020.123430","volume":"401","author":"H Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin H, Ma T, Sha X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Meng X, Chen Y, Han X, Ding J (2021) Polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater 401:123430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2020.123430","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"38311_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15050154","volume":"15","author":"AL Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan AL, Zaidi AA (2025) Separation and detection of microplastics in human exposure pathways: challenges, analytical techniques, and emerging solutions. J Xenobiotics 15(5):154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jox15050154","journal-title":"J Xenobiotics"},{"key":"38311_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.02.054","volume":"155","author":"AA Koelmans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koelmans AA, Mohamed Nor NH, Hermsen E, Kooi M, Mintenig SM, De France J (2019) Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: critical review and assessment of data quality. Water Res 155:410\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.02.054","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"38311_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15295","DOI":"10.1007\/S12035-025-05174-Z","volume":"62","author":"S Kumari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumari S, Begum MY, Chinglenthoiba C, Aran KR, Panda SP, Abomughaid MM, Lakhanpal S, Avinash D, Jha NK, Gupta R (2025) Deciphering the neurotoxic burden of micro- and nanoplastics: from multi-model experimental evidence to therapeutic innovation. Mol Neurobiol 62(12):15295\u201315317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12035-025-05174-Z","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"38311_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leonard S, Liddle CR, Atherall CA, Chapman E, Watkins M, D. J. Calaminus S, Rotchell JM (2024) Microplastics in human blood: polymer types, concentrations and characterisation using \u03bcFTIR. Environ Int 188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108751"},{"key":"38311_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","author":"HA Leslie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leslie HA, van Velzen MJM, Brandsma SH, Vethaak AD, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lamoree MH (2022) Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"38311_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.125492","volume":"244","author":"B Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li B, Ding Y, Cheng X, Sheng D, Xu Z, Rong Q, Wu Y, Zhao H, Ji X, Zhang Y (2020) Polyethylene microplastics affect the distribution of gut microbiota and inflammation development in mice. Chemosphere 244:125492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2019.125492","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"38311_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11040310","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Wang J, Gao X, Du J, Sui H, Wu J, Zhong Y, Liang B, Huang Y, Ye R, Deng Y, Yang X, Huang Z (2023) Investigation of microplastics (\u226510 \u03bcm) in meconium by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Toxics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11040310","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"38311_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2024.173522","volume":"937","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li N, Yang H, Dong Y, Wei B, Liang L, Yun X, Tian J, Zheng Y, Duan S, Zhang L (2024a) Prevalence and implications of microplastic contaminants in general human seminal fluid: a Raman spectroscopic study. Sci Total Environ 937:173522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2024.173522","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174215","volume":"946","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Chen L, Zhou N, Chen Y, Ling Z, Xiang P (2024b) Microplastics in the human body: a comprehensive review of exposure, distribution, migration mechanisms, and toxicity. Sci Total Environ 946:174215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174215","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.465868","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li J, Wang K, Lin Z, Zhu M, Xu S, Cui Z, Ouyang Z, Wen D, Li Q (2025) Detection and quantification of microplastics in meconium by pyrolysis-gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (Py-GC\/MS). J Chromatogr A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.465868","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"38311_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2021.127629","volume":"424","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zhuan Q, Zhang L, Meng L, Fu X, Hou Y (2022) Polystyrene microplastics induced female reproductive toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater 424:127629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2021.127629","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"46","key":"38311_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17774","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c04706","volume":"57","author":"S Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu S, Liu X, Guo J, Yang R, Wang H, Sun Y, Chen B, Dong R (2023) The association between microplastics and microbiota in placentas and meconium: the first evidence in humans. Environ Sci Technol 57(46):17774\u201317785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c04706","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"38311_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2018.03.051","volume":"631\u2013632","author":"L Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu L, Wan Z, Luo T, Fu Z, Jin Y (2018) Polystyrene microplastics induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in mice. Sci Total Environ 631\u2013632:449\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2018.03.051","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"38311_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2309822","volume":"390","author":"R Marfella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marfella R, Prattichizzo F, Sardu C, Fulgenzi G, Graciotti L, Spadoni T, D\u2019Onofrio N, Scisciola L, La Grotta R, Frig\u00e9 C, Pellegrini V, Municin\u00f2 M, Siniscalchi M, Spinetti F, Vigliotti G, Vecchione C, Carrizzo A, Accarino G, Squillante A, Spaziano G, Mirra D, Esposito R, Altieri S, Falco G, Fenti A, Galoppo S, Canzano S, Sasso FC, Matacchione G, Olivieri F, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Paolisso P, Barbato E, Lubritto C, Balestrieri ML, Mauro C, Caballero AE, Rajagopalan S, Ceriello A, D\u2019Agostino B, Iovino P, Paolisso G (2024) Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 390(10):900\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2309822","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"38311_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108444","author":"S Massardo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Massardo S, Verzola D, Alberti S, Caboni C, Santostefano M, Eugenio Verrina E, Angeletti A, Lugani F, Ghiggeri GM, Bruschi M, Candiano G, Rumeo N, Gentile M, Cravedi P, La Maestra S, Zaza G, Stallone G, Esposito P, Viazzi F, Mancianti N, La Porta E, Artini C (2024) MicroRaman spectroscopy detects the presence of microplastics in human urine and kidney tissue. Environ Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108444","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"38311_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165922","author":"L Montano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Montano L, Giorgini E, Notarstefano V, Notari T, Ricciardi M, Piscopo M, Motta O (2023) Raman microspectroscopy evidence of microplastics in human semen. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165922","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVINT.2018.07.015","volume":"121","author":"RL Morgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgan RL, Whaley P, Thayer KA, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ (2018) Identifying the PECO: a framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes. Environ Int 121:1027\u20131031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVINT.2018.07.015","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"38311_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03453-1","author":"AJ Nihart","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nihart AJ, Garcia MA, El Hayek E, Liu R, Olewine M, Kingston JD, Castillo EF, Gullapalli RR, Howard T, Bleske B, Scott J, Gonzalez-Estrella J, Gross JM, Spilde M, Adolphi NL, Gallego DF, Jarrell HS, Dvorscak G, Zuluaga-Ruiz ME, West AB, Campen MJ (2025) Bioaccumulation of microplastics in decedent human brains. Nat Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03453-1","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"38311_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FORSCIINT.2024.112246","volume":"364","author":"S \u00d6zsoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zsoy S, G\u00fcndogdu S, Sezigen S, Tasalp E, Ikiz DA, Kideys AE (2024) Presence of microplastics in human stomachs. Forensic Sci Int 364:112246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FORSCIINT.2024.112246","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"38311_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"38311_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11010040","author":"C Pironti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pironti C, Notarstefano V, Ricciardi M, Motta O, Giorgini E, Montano L (2023) First evidence of microplastics in human urine, a preliminary study of intake in the human body. Toxics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11010040","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"38311_CR54","unstructured":"PlasticsEurope (2025) Plastics-the Facts 2025 An Analysis of the European plastics production, data and trends. https:\/\/plasticseurope.org\/knowledge-hub\/plastics-the-fast-facts-2025\/. Accessed 15 May 2026"},{"key":"38311_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.181054","volume":"1008","author":"M Podbielska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Podbielska M, Szpyrka E (2025) Advanced chromatographic techniques for assessing human-relevant exposure pathways to micro- and nanoplastics. Sci Total Environ 1008:181054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.181054","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-026-03038-6","volume":"12","author":"P Pontecorvi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pontecorvi P, Cassandri M, Gianoncelli A, Pascolo L, Cece F, Niccolai E, Camero S, Bonanni V, Bozzer S, Romano E, Ceccarelli S, Bearzi C, Rizzi R, Amedei A, Angeloni A, Marchese C, Megiorni F (2026) Polyethylene nano- and microplastics trigger metabolic stress responses in human vaginal epithelial cells. Cell Death Discov 12(1):173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-026-03038-6","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"38311_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.11.043","volume":"234","author":"JC Prata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prata JC (2018) Airborne microplastics: consequences to human health? Environ Pollut 234:115\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.11.043","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"24","key":"38311_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10482","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c01541","volume":"58","author":"X Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin X, Cao M, Peng T, Shan H, Lian W, Yu Y, Shui G, Li R (2024) Features, potential invasion pathways, and reproductive health risks of microplastics detected in human uterus. Environ Sci Technol 58(24):10482\u201310493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c01541","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"146","key":"38311_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106274","volume":"146","author":"A Ragusa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ragusa A, Svelato A, Santacroce C, Catalano P, Notarstefano V, Carnevali O, Papa F, Rongioletti MCA, Baiocco F, Draghi S, D\u2019Amore E, Rinaldo D, Matta M, Giorgini E (2021) Plasticenta: first evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environ Int 146(146):106274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106274","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"38311_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811593","author":"A Ragusa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ragusa A, Matta M, Cristiano L, Matassa R, Battaglione E, Svelato A, De Luca C, D\u2019Avino S, Gulotta A, Rongioletti MCA, Catalano P, Santacroce C, Notarstefano V, Carnevali O, Giorgini E, Vizza E, Familiari G, Nottola SA (2022a) Deeply in plasticenta: presence of microplastics in the intracellular compartment of human placentas. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191811593","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"38311_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132700","author":"A Ragusa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ragusa A, Notarstefano V, Svelato A, Belloni A, Gioacchini G, Blondeel C, Zucchelli E, De Luca C, D\u2019avino S, Gulotta A, Carnevali O, Giorgini E (2022b) Raman microspectroscopy detection and characterisation of microplastics in human breastmilk. Polymers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14132700","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"38311_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181547","volume":"1020","author":"K Rashid","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rashid K, Ali S, Chaudhry AH, Sial N, Akram MR, Aslam M (2026) A comprehensive review on microplastics: their presence in surface and ground water, environmental distribution, and impact on human and aquatic systems. Sci Total Environ 1020:181547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181547","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c12599","author":"C Rauert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rauert C, Charlton N, Bagley A, Dunlop SA, Symeonides C, Thomas KV (2025) Assessing the efficacy of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for nanoplastic and microplastic analysis in human blood. Environ Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.4c12599","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"38311_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43591-025-00129-6","author":"A Refosco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Refosco A, Dierkes J, K\u00f6gel T, Dankel SN, Laupsa-Borge J, Gomiero A, Daniel DB (2025) Microplastics in human feces: a pilot study exploring links with dietary habits. Microplastics Nanoplastics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43591-025-00129-6","journal-title":"Microplastics Nanoplastics"},{"issue":"4","key":"38311_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/ETC.4371","volume":"38","author":"CM Rochman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rochman CM, Brookson C, Bikker J, Djuric N, Earn A, Bucci K, Athey S, Huntington A, McIlwraith H, Munno K, Frond HD, Kolomijeca A, Erdle L, Grbic J, Bayoumi M, Borrelle SB, Wu T, Santoro S, Werbowski LM, Zhu X, Giles RK, Hamilton BM, Thaysen C, Kaura A, Klasios N, Ead L, Kim J, Sherlock C, Ho A, Hung C (2019) Rethinking microplastics as a diverse contaminant suite. Environ Toxicol Chem 38(4):703\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ETC.4371","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"38311_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116208","author":"JM Rotchell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rotchell JM, Austin C, Chapman E, Atherall CA, Liddle CR, Dunstan TS, Blackburn B, Mead A, Filart K, Beeby E, Cunningham K, Allen J, Draper H, Guinn B (2024) Microplastics in human urine: characterisation using \u03bcFTIR and sampling challenges using healthy donors and endometriosis participants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116208","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"38311_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144029","author":"A Saraluck","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saraluck A, Techarang T, Bunyapipat P, Boonchuwong K, Pullaput Y, Mordmuang A (2024) Detection of microplastics in human breast milk and its association with changes in human milk bacterial microbiota. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13144029","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"38311_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2017.08.043","volume":"159","author":"GF Schirinzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schirinzi GF, P\u00e9rez-Pomeda I, Sanch\u00eds J, Rossini C, Farr\u00e9 M, Barcel\u00f3 D (2017) Cytotoxic effects of commonly used nanomaterials and microplastics on cerebral and epithelial human cells. Environ Res 159:579\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2017.08.043","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"38311_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0618","volume":"171","author":"P Schwabl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwabl P, Koppel S, Konigshofer P, Bucsics T, Trauner M, Reiberger T, Liebmann B (2019) Detection of various microplastics in human stool: a prospective case series. Ann Intern Med 171(7):453\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M19-0618","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"45","key":"38311_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24131","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c05922","volume":"59","author":"VC Shruti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shruti VC, Kutralam-Muniasamy G (2025) The human plastiphere: a bioparticulate system challenging microplastic risk assessment and governance. Environ Sci Technol 59(45):24131\u201324150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c05922","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"38311_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170455","author":"X Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song X, Chen T, Chen Z, Du L, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Tan Z, Mo Y, Feng X (2024) Micro(nano)plastics in human urine: a surprising contrast between Chongqing\u2019s urban and rural regions. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170455","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun J, Sui M, Wang T, Teng X, Sun J, Chen M (2024) Detection and quantification of various microplastics in human endometrium based on laser direct infrared spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ 906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167760"},{"issue":"5672","key":"38311_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094559","volume":"304","author":"RC Thompson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thompson RC, Olson Y, Mitchell RP, Davis A, Rowland SJ, John AWG, McGonigle D (1979) Russell AE (2004) Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science 304(5672):838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1094559","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"38311_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.118807","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li N, Ding Y, Li N, Su M, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang Q, Sha C, Xia B, Cheng J, Jiang G (2025) Microplastics and human health: exposure pathways, toxicity mechanisms, and future research challenges. J Environ Chem Eng 13(5):118807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2025.118807","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"38311_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2021.117904","volume":"289","author":"Y Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wei Y, Zhou Y, Long C, Wu H, Hong Y, Fu Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Shen L, Wei G (2021) Polystyrene microplastics disrupt the blood-testis barrier integrity through ROS-mediated imbalance of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Environ Pollut 289:117904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2021.117904","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"12","key":"38311_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.EST.7B00423","volume":"51","author":"SL Wright","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wright SL, Kelly FJ (2017) Plastic and human health: a micro issue? Environ Sci Technol 51(12):6634\u20136647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.EST.7B00423","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"38311_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43591-021-00006-y","author":"SL Wright","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wright SL, Gouin T, Koelmans AA, Scheuermann L (2021) Development of screening criteria for microplastic particles in air and atmospheric deposition: critical review and applicability towards assessing human exposure. Microplastics Nanoplastics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43591-021-00006-y","journal-title":"Microplastics Nanoplastics"},{"key":"38311_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.09.004","volume":"49","author":"D Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu D, Feng Y, Wang R, Jiang J, Guan Q, Yang X, Wei H, Xia Y, Luo Y (2023) Pigment microparticles and microplastics found in human thrombi based on Raman spectral evidence. J Adv Res 49:141\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2022.09.004","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"38311_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2019.133794","volume":"694","author":"M Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu M, Halimu G, Zhang Q, Song Y, Fu X, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang H (2019) Internalization and toxicity: a preliminary study of effects of nanoplastic particles on human lung epithelial cell. Sci Total Environ 694:133794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2019.133794","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"38311_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c03924","volume":"56","author":"Z Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan Z, Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhang F, Ren H, Zhang Y (2022) Analysis of microplastics in human feces reveals a correlation between fecal microplastics and inflammatory bowel disease status. Environ Sci Technol 56(1):414\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c03924","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"38311_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154025","volume":"825","author":"X Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang X, Man YB, Wong MH, Owen RB, Chow KL (2022) Environmental health impacts of microplastics exposure on structural organization levels in the human body. Sci Total Environ 825:154025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154025","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVINT.2023.108002","volume":"177","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang S, Li M, Kong RYC, Li L, Li R, Chen J, Lai KP (2023a) Reproductive toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics. Environ Int 177:108002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVINT.2023.108002","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"30","key":"38311_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10911","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07179","volume":"57","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y, Xie E, Du Z, Peng Z, Han Z, Li L, Zhao R, Qin Y, Xue M, Li F, Hua K, Yang X (2023b) Detection of various microplastics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Environ Sci Technol 57(30):10911\u201310918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c07179","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"38311_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109316","author":"Q Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Q, Peng Y, Wu X, Cao X, Zhang P, Liang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Gao P, Fu Y, Liu P, Cao Z, Ding T (2025) Microplastics in human skeletal tissues: presence, distribution and health implications. Environ Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109316","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"38311_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144345","author":"N Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang N, Li YB, He HR, Zhang JF, Ma GS (2021) You are what you eat: microplastics in the feces of young men living in Beijing. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144345","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105369","volume":"108","author":"C Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhang G, Sun K, Ren J, Zhou J, Liu X, Lin F, Yang H, Cao J, Nie L, Zhang P, Zhang L, Wang Z, Guo H, Lin X, Duan S, Cao J, Huang H (2024) Association of mixed exposure to microplastics with sperm dysfunction: a multi-site study in China. EBioMedicine 108:105369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105369","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"38311_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2025.138133","volume":"492","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang L, Tian J, Zhu X, Wang L, Yun X, Liang L, Duan S (2025) Cross-platform detection of microplastics in human biological tissues: comparing spectroscopic and chromatographic approaches. J Hazard Mater 492:138133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JHAZMAT.2025.138133","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"38311_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2023.162713","volume":"877","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Zhu L, Weng J, Jin Z, Cao Y, Jiang H, Zhang Z (2023) Detection and characterization of microplastics in the human testis and semen. Sci Total Environ 877:162713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2023.162713","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159060","author":"L Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu L, Zhu J, Zuo R, Xu Q, Qian Y, An L (2023) Identification of microplastics in human placenta using laser direct infrared spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159060","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"38311_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu L, Kang Y, Ma M, Wu Z, Zhang L, Hu R, Xu Q, Zhu J, Gu X, An L (2024a) Tissue accumulation of microplastics and potential health risks in human. Sci Total Environ 915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170004"},{"key":"38311_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12120850","author":"M Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu M, Li X, Lin W, Zeng D, Yang P, Ni W, Chen Z, Lin B, Lai L, Ouyang Z, Fan J (2024b) Microplastic particles detected in fetal cord blood, placenta, and meconium: a pilot study of nine mother\u2013infant pairs in South China. Toxics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics12120850","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"38311_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TALO.2026.100615","volume":"13","author":"SO Zielli","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zielli SO, Pascali JP, Mazzotti A, Fais P, Fini M, Faldini C, Pelotti S (2026) Microplastics and nanoplastics in human tissues: systematic review of evidence, analytical protocols, and methodological challenges. Talanta Open 13:100615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TALO.2026.100615","journal-title":"Talanta Open"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38311-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38311-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38311-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:31:14Z","timestamp":1793061074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38311-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["38311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-026-38311-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors agree with publishing.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}