{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:17:41Z","timestamp":1782962261238,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeroScience"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of aortic valve stenosis (AoS) increases with age, and once diagnosed, symptomatic severe AoS has a yearly mortality rate of 25%. AoS is diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), however, this gold standard is time consuming and operator and acoustic window dependent. As AoS affects the arterial blood pressure waveform, AoS-specific waveform features might serve as a diagnostic tool. Aim of the present study was to develop a novel, non-invasive, AoS detection model based on blood pressures waveforms. This cross-sectional study included patients with AoS undergoing elective transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement. AoS was determined using TTE, and patients with no or mild AoS were labelled as patients without AoS, while patients with moderate or severe AoS were labelled as patients with AoS. Non-invasive blood pressure measurements were performed in awake patients. Ten minutes of consecutive data was collected. Several blood pressure-based features were derived, and the median, interquartile range, variance, and the 1st and 9th decile of the change of these features were calculated. The primary outcome was the development of a machine-learning model for AoS detection, investigating multiple classifiers and training on the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC). In total, 101 patients with AoS and 48 patients without AoS were included. Patients with AoS showed an increase in left ventricular ejection time (0.02\u00a0s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), a delayed maximum upstroke in the systolic phase (0.015\u00a0s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a delayed maximal systolic pressure (0.03\u00a0s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to patients without AoS. With the logistic regression model, a sensitivity of 0.81, specificity of 0.67, and AUROC of 0.79 were found. The majority of the population without AoS was male (85%), whereas in the population with AoS this was evenly distributed (54% males). Age was significantly (5\u00a0years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) higher in the population with AoS. In the present study, we developed a novel model able to distinguish no to mild AoS from moderate to severe AoS, based on blood pressure features with high accuracy. Clinical registration number: The study entailing patients with TAVR treatment was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03088787, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03088787\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03088787<\/jats:ext-link>). The study with elective cardiac surgery patients was registered with the Netherland Trial Register (NL7810, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL7810\">https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL7810<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01136-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T17:01:26Z","timestamp":1710954086000},"page":"5955-5965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detecting aortic valve stenosis based on the non-invasive blood pressure\u00a0waveform\u2014a proof of concept study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Eline","family":"Kho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P. J.","family":"Vlaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marije M.","family":"Vis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marije","family":"Wijnberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotte B.","family":"Stam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"van Mourik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald T.","family":"Jorstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Hermanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berend E.","family":"Westerhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise P.","family":"Veelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjorn J. P.","family":"van der Ster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lindman BR, Clavel M, Mathieu P, Iung B, Otto CM, Pibarot P. Calcific aortic stenosis. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2016;2(16006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.6.Calcific","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.6.Calcific"},{"issue":"6","key":"1136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302265","volume":"99","author":"GW Eveborn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eveborn GW, Schirmer H, Heggelund G, Lunde P, Rasmussen K. The evolving epidemiology of valvular aortic stenosis. the Troms\u00f8 Study. Heart. 2013;99(6):396\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302265.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"19","key":"1136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.02.093","volume":"60","author":"MR Dweck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dweck MR, Boon NA, Newby DE. Calcific aortic stenosis: A disease of the valve and the myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(19):1854\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.02.093.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1136_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043391","volume":"141","author":"S Yadgir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yadgir S, Johnson CO, Aboyans V, et al. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Calcific Aortic Valve and Degenerative Mitral Valve Diseases, 1990\u20132017. Circulation. 2020;141:1670\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043391.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2022.05.006","volume":"75","author":"A Vahanian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease: Developed by the Task Force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2022;75(6):524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rec.2022.05.006.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"17","key":"1136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi290","volume":"26","author":"M Kupari","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kupari M, Turto H, Lommi J. Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic valve stenosis: Preventive or promotive of systolic dysfunction and heart failure? Eur Heart J. 2005;26(17):1790\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi290.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1136_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(64)90123-7","volume":"14","author":"HS Badeer","year":"1964","unstructured":"Badeer HS. Biological significance of cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol. 1964;14(2):133\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(64)90123-7.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.102931","volume":"105","author":"K Rajappan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rajappan K, Rimoldi OE, Dutka DP, et al. Mechanisms of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in patients with aortic stenosis and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Circulation. 2002;105(4):470\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hc0402.102931.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1136_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benchimol A, Dimond EG, Shen Y. Ejection time in aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 1960;5(728).","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(60)90049-7"},{"key":"1136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schenk J, Kho E, Rellum S, et al. Immediate reduction in left ventricular ejection time following TAVI is associated with improved quality of life. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.988840","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.988840"},{"issue":"4","key":"1136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.018","volume":"77","author":"CM Otto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(4):e25\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.018.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i6.481","volume":"9","author":"AD M\u01cergulescu","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u01cergulescu AD. Assessment of aortic valve disease - a clinician oriented review. World J Cardiol. 2017;9(6):481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4330\/wjc.v9.i6.481.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90471-3","volume":"45","author":"HN Sabbah","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sabbah HN, Blick EF, Anbe DT, Stein PD. Effect of turbulent blood flow on systolic pressure contour in the ventricles and great vessels: Significance related to anacrotic and bisferious pulses. Am J Cardiol. 1980;45(6):1139\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90471-3.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28674","volume":"95","author":"MF Eleid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eleid MF, Nishimura RA. Aortic stenosis and the pulse contour: A true marker of severity? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;95(6):1235\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccd.28674.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"4942","key":"1136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4942.759","volume":"2","author":"MB Matthews","year":"1955","unstructured":"Matthews MB, Medd WE, Gorlin R. Aortic stenosis: A clinical study. Br Med J. 1955;2(4942):759\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.2.4942.759.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.16.4.572","volume":"16","author":"EW Hancock","year":"1957","unstructured":"Hancock EW, Abelmann WH. A clinical study of the brachial arterial pulse form, with special reference to the diagnosis of aortic valvular disease. Circulation. 1957;16(4):572\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.16.4.572.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1136_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(58)90139-5","volume":"1","author":"G Raber","year":"1958","unstructured":"Raber G, Goldberg H. Left ventricular, central aortic, and peripheral pressure pulses in aortic stenosis*. Am J Cardiol. 1958;1(5):572\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(58)90139-5.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood P. Clinical Studies Aortic Stenosis. Am J Cardiol. Published online 1958;553\u2013571.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(58)90138-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"1136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew335","volume":"18","author":"H Baumgartner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, et al. Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: A focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18(3):254\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jew335.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"1136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.8.1870","volume":"94","author":"WJW Bos","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bos WJW, Van Goudoever J, Van Montfrans GA, Van den Meiracker AH, Wesseling KH. Reconstruction of brachial artery pressure from noninvasive finger pressure measurements. Circulation. 1996;94(8):1870\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.94.8.1870.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"1136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e32834cfebb","volume":"12","author":"M Sokolski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sokolski M, Rydlewska A, Krakowiak B, et al. Comparison of invasive and non-invasive measurements of haemodynamic parameters in patients with advanced heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med. 2011;12(11):773\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2459\/JCM.0b013e32834cfebb.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.01.012","volume":"35","author":"SY Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu SY, Dalia AA. Continuous noninvasive arterial pressure monitoring for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021;35(7):2026\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.01.012.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"1136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-010-9234-4","volume":"24","author":"W Schramm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schramm W. The units of measurement of the ventricular stroke work: A review study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2010;24(3):213\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10877-010-9234-4.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"1136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000125439.28861.ed","volume":"22","author":"BE Westerhof","year":"2004","unstructured":"Westerhof BE, Gisolf J, Stok WJ, Wesseling AKH, Karemaker JM. Time-domain cross-correlation baroreflex sensitivity: Performance on the EUROBAVAR data set. J Hypertens. 2004;22(7):1371\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.hjh.0000125439.28861.ed.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/0020294017729958","volume":"50","author":"O Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh O, Sunkaria RK. Detection of onset, systolic peak and dicrotic notch in arterial blood pressure pulses. Meas Control. 2017;50(7\u20138):170\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020294017729958.","journal-title":"Meas Control"},{"key":"1136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","volume":"16","author":"NV Chawla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chawla NV, Bowyer KW, Hall LO, Kegelmeyer WP. SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique Nitesh. J Artif Intell Res. 2002;16:321\u201357.","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"1136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A101","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311726.135","volume":"103","author":"S Myerson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Myerson S, Prendergast B, Gardezi S, Prothero A, Kennedy A, Wilson J. 136 Gp auscultation for diagnosing valvular heart disease. Heart. 2017;103(Suppl 5):A101\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311726.135.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"1136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0706","volume":"85","author":"K Maganti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO. Valvular heart disease: Diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(5):483\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2009.0706.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwon JM, Lee SY, Jeon KH, et al. Deep learning\u2013based algorithm for detecting aortic stenosis using electrocardiography. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014717","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014717"},{"issue":"February","key":"1136_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.832591","volume":"9","author":"T Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong T, Han S, Pu L, et al. Bioinformatics and machine learning methods to identify FN1 as a novel biomarker of aortic valve calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9(February):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.832591.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03441-2","volume":"11","author":"A Shokouhmand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shokouhmand A, Aranoff ND, Driggin E, Green P, Tavassolian N. Efficient detection of aortic stenosis using morphological characteristics of cardiomechanical signals and heart rate variability parameters. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03441-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.308","volume":"96","author":"SS Franklin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franklin SS, Gustin W IV, Wong ND, et al. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure: The Framingham heart study. Circulation. 1997;96(1):308\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.308.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.74","volume":"21","author":"DP Casey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Casey DP, Nichols WW, Braith RW. Impact of aging on central pressure wave reflection characteristics during exercise. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(4):419\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajh.2007.74.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"9","key":"1136_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90659-9","volume":"55","author":"WW Nichols","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nichols WW, O\u2019Rourke MF, Avolio AP, et al. Effects of age on ventricular-vascular coupling. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55(9):1179\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90659-9.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["GeroScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-024-01136-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11357-024-01136-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-024-01136-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T15:08:13Z","timestamp":1729609693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11357-024-01136-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-024-01136-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Both parent studies (involving human participants) were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), location AMC (ref: W17_072#17.090, and ref: NL6748.018.18; 2018_171, respectively). The patients\/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"Author AV has received personal fees and other from Edwards Lifesciences and Philips outside the submitted work. Author DV has received personal fees and other from Edwards Lifesciences, Philips and Hemologic outside the submitted work. HJ has received research grants to institution outside of the submitted work from NOC*NSF, Philips, Novartis, Sanofi, ZonMw, the Netherlands Heart Foundation, Hemologic, and speakers\u2019 fees\/ advisory fees from Amgen, Canon, Health Investment, and Mednet.The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}