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We examined racial\/ethnic and SES disparities in sMRI markers and tested total, direct, and indirect effects through lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors using a structural equations modeling approach among 36,184 UK Biobank participants aged 40\u201370\u00a0years at baseline assessment (47% men). Race (non-White vs. White) and lower SES-predicted poorer brain sMRI volumetric outcomes at follow-up, with racial\/ethnic disparities in sMRI outcomes involving multiple pathways and SES playing a central role in those pathways. Mediational patterns differed across outcomes, with the SES-sMRI total effect being partially mediated for all outcomes. Over 20% of the total effect (TE) of race\/ethnicity on WMH was explained by the indirect effect (IE), by a combination of different pathways going through SES, lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors. This is in contrast to\u2009&lt;\u200910% for total brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and frontal GM left\/right. Another significant finding is that around 57% of the total effect for SES and the normalized white matter hyperintensity (WMH) was attributed to an indirect effect. This effect encompasses many pathways that involve lifestyle, health-related, and cognitive aspects. Aside from WMH, the percent of TE of SES mediated through various pathways ranged from\u2009~\u20095% for WM to\u2009&gt;\u200915% up to 36% for most of the remaining sMRI outcomes, which are composed mainly of GM phenotypes. Race and SES were important determinants of brain volumetric outcomes, with partial mediation of racial\/ethnic disparities through SES, lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01371-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:02:29Z","timestamp":1728518549000},"page":"1837-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"May A.","family":"Beydoun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hind A.","family":"Beydoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie T.","family":"Fanelli-Kuczmarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Han","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Shaked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shari R.","family":"Waldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenore J.","family":"Launer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele K.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan B.","family":"Zonderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2012.11.003","volume":"43","author":"AL Sosa-Ortiz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sosa-Ortiz AL, Acosta-Castillo I, Prince MJ. 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All participants gave informed consent for the study via a touch-screen interface that required agreement for all individual statements on the consent form as well as the participant\u2019s signature on an electronic pad (\n                      \n                      ). Written informed consent for par\u2009ticipation was not required for this study in accordance with the National Legislation and the Institutional Requirements.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, the Defense Health Agency, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. 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