{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:42:36Z","timestamp":1773056556626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG5L0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG5L0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeroScience"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01715-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T05:55:31Z","timestamp":1748498131000},"page":"647-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A tongue resistance training program improves strength, endurance, and swallowing in frail older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Shu-Hua","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruey","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pi-Yu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kondwani Joseph","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Mei","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Jo","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melati","family":"Fajarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4882-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuei-Ru","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"United nations department of economic and social affairs. World social report 2023: Leaving no one behind in an ageing world. World Social Report. 2023. p. 162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18356\/9789210019682.","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210019682"},{"key":"1715_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing and health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health. Accessed 10 Sept 2024."},{"issue":"9","key":"1715_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091812","volume":"14","author":"RY Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang RY, Yang AY, Chen YC, Lee SD, Lee SH, Chen JW. Association between dysphagia and frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14091812.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1715_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107750","volume":"11","author":"LW Baijens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baijens LW, Clav\u00e9 P, Cras P, Ekberg O, Forster A, Kolb GF, et al. European society for swallowing disorders - european union geriatric medicine society white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S107750.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"1715_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banda KJ, Chu H, Chen R, Kang XL, Jen H-J, Liu D, et al. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and risk of pneumonia, malnutrition, and mortality in adults aged 60 years and older: a meta-analysis. 2022; 68(8): 841\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000520326.","DOI":"10.1159\/000520326"},{"key":"1715_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461239","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1461239","volume":"15","author":"G Martinez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martinez-Pe\u00f1a G, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Aguilar-Navarro SG. Dysphagia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia through fluoroscopic study with barium swallow in a memory clinic. Front Neurol. 2025;15:1461239.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","volume":"256","author":"RC Petersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med. 2004;256(3):183\u201394.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR8","first-page":"76","volume":"1","author":"E Michou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michou E, Baijens L, Rofes L, Cartgena PS, Clav\u00e9 P. Oropharyngeal swallowing disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: revisited. Int J Speech Lang Pathol Audiol. 2013;1(1):76\u201388.","journal-title":"Int J Speech Lang Pathol Audiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9699-5","volume":"31","author":"CM Steele","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steele CM, Bayley MT, Peladeau-Pigeon M, Nagy A, Namasivayam AM, Stokely SL, Wolkin T. A randomized trial comparing two tongue-pressure resistance training protocols for post-stroke dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2016;31(3):452\u201361.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9797-z","volume":"32","author":"A Hiraoka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hiraoka A, Yoshikawa M, Nakamori M, Hosomi N, Nagasaki T, Mori T, et al. Maximum tongue pressure is associated with swallowing dysfunction in als patients. Dysphagia. 2017;32(4):542\u20137.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"1715_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-005-9011-6","volume":"21","author":"M Yoshida","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yoshida M, Kikutani T, Tsuga K, Utanohara Y, Hayashi R, Akagawa Y. Decreased tongue pressure reflects symptom of dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2006;21:61\u20135.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1715_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10425-5","volume":"37","author":"J Hollinghurst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hollinghurst J, Smithard DG. Identifying dysphagia and demographic associations in older adults using electronic health records: a national longitudinal observational study in wales (United Kingdom) 2008\u20132018. Dysphagia. 2022;37(6):1612\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-022-10425-5.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"11","key":"1715_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111923","volume":"8","author":"E Reber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reber E, Gomes F, D\u00e4hn IA, Vasiloglou MF, Stanga Z. Management of dehydration in patients suffering swallowing difficulties. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8111923.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1715_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.08.001","volume":"96","author":"S Thiyagalingam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thiyagalingam S, Kulinski AE, Thorsteinsdottir B, Shindelar KL, Takahashi PY. Dysphagia in older adults. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(2):488\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.08.001.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1715_CR15","first-page":"97","volume":"103","author":"JM Wilkinson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilkinson JM, Codipilly DC, Wilfahrt RP. Dysphagia: evaluation and collaborative management. Am Fam Physician. 2021;103(2):97\u2013106.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1715_CR16","volume-title":"Physiology, swallowing","author":"K Panara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Panara K, Ramezanpour Ahangar E, Padalia D. Physiology, swallowing. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz042","volume":"48","author":"P H\u00e4gglund","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00e4gglund P, H\u00e4gg M, Wester P, J\u00e4ghagen EL. Effects of oral neuromuscular training on swallowing dysfunction among older people in intermediate care-a cluster randomised, controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2019;48(4):533\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afz042.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1715_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inamoto Y, Pongpipatpaiboon K, Shibata S, Aoyagai Y, Hitoshi Kagaya H, Matsuo K. Swallowing exercises. Dysphagia evaluation and treatment: from the perspective of rehabilitation medicine. 2018. p. 109\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-5032-9_7.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5032-9_7"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2009.00470.x","volume":"22","author":"ES Eisenstadt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eisenstadt ES. Dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in older adults. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2010;22(1):17\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2009.00470.x.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurse Pract"},{"key":"1715_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1044\/nsshla_12_38","volume":"12","author":"J Logemann","year":"1984","unstructured":"Logemann J. Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders. NSSLHA Journal. 1984;12:38\u201350.","journal-title":"NSSLHA Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"1715_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2021.017","volume":"77","author":"MI Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park MI. Approach of dysphagia. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2021;77(2):57\u201363.","journal-title":"Korean J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1715_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e072638","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072638","volume":"13","author":"M Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao M, Xu L, Wang X, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang H, et al. Efficacy and safety of oropharyngeal muscle strength training on poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023;13(9):e072638.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1715_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vergara J, Andreollo NA, Starmer HM, Miles A, Bara\u00e7al-Prado ACC, Junqueira AA, Tincani AJ. Swallowing safety after remote sub-total esophagectomy: how important is tongue pressure? Dysphagia. 2024: 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10745-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10745-8"},{"issue":"40","key":"1715_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17304","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017304","volume":"98","author":"J-S Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park J-S, Lee S-H, Jung S-H, Choi J-B, Jung Y-J. Tongue strengthening exercise is effective in improving the oropharyngeal muscles associated with swallowing in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: a randomized trial. Medicine. 2019;98(40):e17304.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1715_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9844-9","volume":"33","author":"E Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jones E, Speyer R, Kertscher B, Denman D, Swan K, Cordier R. Health-related quality of life and oropharyngeal dysphagia: a systematic review. Dysphagia. 2018;33:141\u201372.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9451-3","volume":"28","author":"V Adams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adams V, Mathisen BA, Baines SK, Lazarus CL, Callister R. A Systematic review and meta-analysis of measurements of tongue and hand strength and endurance using the iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI). Dysphagia. 2013;28(3):350\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-013-9451-3.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/09-0048)","volume":"53","author":"SA Kays","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kays SA, Hind JA, Gangnon RE, Robbins J. Effects of dining on tongue endurance and swallowing-related outcomes. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010;53(4):898\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/09-0048).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1715_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116878","volume":"19","author":"HL Hsiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsiao HL, Lou JH, Wang CC, Lai YJ, Wu SJ, Hwu YJ. Effects of tongue-strengthening exercise on tongue strength reserve and detraining effects among healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19116878.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/060)","volume":"51","author":"PM Palmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palmer PM, Jaffe DM, McCulloch TM, Finnegan EM, Van Daele DJ, Luschei ES. Quantitative contributions of the muscles of the tongue, floor-of-mouth, jaw, and velum to tongue-to-palate pressure generation. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008;51(4):828\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/060).","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01370.2012","volume":"114","author":"H Kletzien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kletzien H, Russell JA, Leverson GE, Connor NP. Differential effects of targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running on aging tongue muscle structure and contractile properties. J Appl Physiol. 2013;114(4):472\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01370.2012.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1715_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9544-7","volume":"29","author":"HM Clark","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clark HM, Shelton N. Training effects of the effortful swallow under three exercise conditions. Dysphagia. 2014;29(5):553\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-014-9544-7.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000071019","volume":"55","author":"C Lazarus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lazarus C, Logemann JA, Huang CF, Rademaker AW. Effects of two types of tongue strengthening exercises in young. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2003;55(4):199\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000071019.","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr Logop"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10259-7","volume":"37","author":"JC Oh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oh JC. Effects of effortful swallowing exercise with progressive anterior tongue press using Iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI) on the strength of swallowing-related muscles in the elderly: a preliminary study. Dysphagia. 2022;37(1):158\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-021-10259-7.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"1715_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva JO, Giglio LD, Trawitzki LVV. Effects of tongue strengthening exercises in healthy adults and elderly: an integrative literature review. CoDAS; 2023;35(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2317-1782\/20232021213en.","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1782\/20232021213en"},{"issue":"5","key":"1715_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-019-10066-1","volume":"35","author":"S Smaoui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smaoui S, Langridge A, Steele CM. The effect of lingual resistance training interventions on adult swallow function: a systematic review. Dysphagia. 2020;35(5):745\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-019-10066-1.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"12","key":"1715_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13375","volume":"49","author":"MA Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen MA, Liu CK, Yang YH, Huang ST, Yen CW, Kabasawa Y, Huang HL. Clinical-based oral rehabilitation programme improved the oral diadochokinesis and swallowing function of older patients with dementia: a randomised controlled trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2022;49(12):1163\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.13375.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"1715_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092319","volume":"10","author":"R Franciotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Franciotti R, Di Maria E, D\u2019Attilio M, Aprile G, Cosentino FG, Perrotti V. Quantitative measurement of swallowing performance using Iowa Oral Performance Instrument: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicines. 2022;10(9):2319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10092319.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2015.1024171","volume":"17","author":"SE Langmore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Langmore SE, Pisegna JM. Efficacy of exercises to rehabilitate dysphagia: a critique of the literature. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;17(3):222\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17549507.2015.1024171.","journal-title":"Int J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"key":"1715_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.10.023","volume":"184","author":"AM Namasivayam-MacDonald","year":"2018","unstructured":"Namasivayam-MacDonald AM, Barbon CEA, Steele CM. A review of swallow timing in the elderly. Physiol Behav. 2018;184:12\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.10.023.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"1715_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1033-5","volume":"22","author":"M Payne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Payne M, Morley JE. Dysphagia, dementia and frailty. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(5):562\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-018-1033-5.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1715_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12234","volume":"1300","author":"L Rofes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rofes L, Clav\u00e9 P, Ouyang A, Scharitzer M, Pokieser P, Vilardell N, Ortega O. Neurogenic [corrected] and oropharyngeal dysphagia. N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1300:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.12234.","journal-title":"N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1715_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9502-9","volume":"29","author":"WL Yoon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoon WL, Khoo JK, Rickard Liow SJ. Chin tuck against resistance (CTAR): new method for enhancing suprahyoid muscle activity using a Shaker-type exercise. Dysphagia. 2014;29:243\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-013-9502-9.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2006.00341.x","volume":"6","author":"H Orimo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orimo H, Ito H, Suzuki T, Araki A, Hosoi T, Sawabe M. Reviewing the definition of \u201celderly.\u201d Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2006;6(3):149\u201358.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","volume":"56","author":"LP Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol. 2001;56(3):146\u201356.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8010012","volume":"8","author":"F Salis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salis F, Costaggiu D, Mandas A. Mini-mental state examination: optimal cut-off levels for mild and severe cognitive impairment. Geriatrics. 2023;8(1):12.","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A-G. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149\u201360.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1715_CR47","unstructured":"Luschei DE. About us. IOPI Medical LLC. 2001. https:\/\/iopimedical.com\/about-us\/. Accessed 20 Jul 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"1715_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_JSLHR-23-00488","volume":"67","author":"T Drulia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Drulia T, Szynkiewicz SH, Griffin L, Mulheren RW, Murray K, Kamarunas E. A comparison of lingual pressure generation measures using two devices in community-dwelling, typically aging adults: an important clinical implication. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2024;67(2):429\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_JSLHR-23-00488.","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/051)","volume":"12","author":"HM Clark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clark HM, Henson PA, Barber WD, Stierwalt JA, Sherrill M. Relationships among subjective and objective measures of tongue strength and oral phase swallowing impairments. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003;12(1):40\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/051).","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"key":"1715_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-018-0165-8","volume":"4","author":"Y Kamijo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamijo Y, Kanda E, Ono K, Maeda K, Yanai A, Honda K, et al. Low tongue pressure in peritoneal dialysis patients as a risk factor for malnutrition and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study. Renal Replace Ther. 2018;4:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41100-018-0165-8.","journal-title":"Renal Replace Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1715_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.09.031.3","volume":"17","author":"Y Sakamoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakamoto Y, Oyama G, Umeda M, Funahara M, Soutome S, Nakamura W, et al. Effect of decreased tongue pressure on dysphagia and survival rate in elderly people requiring long-term care. J Dent Sci. 2022;17(2):856\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2021.09.031.3.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"1715_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keskool P, Warnpeurch L, Ongard S, Pitaksurachai P, Nujchanart N, Kerdnoppakhun J, editors. The relationships among objective measures of tongue strength and risk of aspiration. Siriraj Med J. 2018; 7(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14456\/smj.2018.49.","DOI":"10.14456\/smj.2018.49"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR53","first-page":"1225","volume":"6","author":"S Chung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chung S, Kuo C, Liou B, Lu C, Hwu Y. The influence of age, gender, and bmi on tongue and lip strength in healthy adults. Ann Otolaryngol Rhinol. 2019;6(1):1225.","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Rhinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1715_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14769","volume":"24","author":"YC Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen YC, Ku EN, Lin CW, Tsai PF, Wang JL, Yen YF, et al. Tongue pressure during swallowing is an independent risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in middle-aged and older hospitalized patients: an observational study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2024;24(Suppl 1):351\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.14769.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","volume":"73","author":"K-Y Liang","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73(1):13\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.83221","volume":"2","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta SK. Intention-to-treat concept: a review. Perspect Clin Res. 2011;2(3):109\u201312.","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1715_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00011","volume":"134","author":"D Moher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(8):657\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1715_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Little RJ, Rubin DB. Statistical analysis with missing data. 3 ed. Wiley; 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119482260","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119482260"},{"issue":"1","key":"1715_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14335-2","volume":"12","author":"CJ Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin CJ, Lee YS, Hsu CF, Liu SJ, Li JY, Ho YL, Chen HH. Effects of tongue strengthening exercises on tongue muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-14335-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1715_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.4.620","volume":"40","author":"JH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee JH, Kim H-S, Yun DH, Chon J, Han YJ, Yoo SD, et al. The relationship between tongue pressure and oral dysphagia in stroke patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40(4):620\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5535\/arm.2016.40.4.620.","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1715_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9601-x","volume":"30","author":"JC Oh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oh JC. Effects of tongue strength training and detraining on tongue pressures in healthy adults. Dysphagia. 2015;30(3):315\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-015-9601-x.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"1715_CR62","first-page":"S9","volume":"38","author":"J Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park J, Oh C, Choi B, Hong H, Park J, Kim T. Effect of tongue progressive resistance exercise in the elderly presbyphagia: randomized-controlled trial. Dysphagia. 2023;38:S9.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1715_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_AJSLP-23-00113","volume":"32","author":"SH Szynkiewicz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Szynkiewicz SH, Drulia T, Griffin L, Mulheren R, Murray KL, Lee T, Kamarunas E. Flexibility for intensity dosing in lingual resistance exercises: a large randomized clinical trial in typically aging adults as proof of principle. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2023;32(6):3021\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_AJSLP-23-00113.","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"}],"container-title":["GeroScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01715-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01715-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01715-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:24:34Z","timestamp":1773048274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01715-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01715-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Taipei Medical University Institutional Review Board (IRB No.: N202001044). It was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (registration ID: NCT06766487(2024.12.02).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical considerations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}