{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:56:48Z","timestamp":1787871408437,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeroScience"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01879-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T05:22:55Z","timestamp":1758345775000},"page":"4195-4207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Social frailty and mortality risk in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingdong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7358-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"1879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4329","volume":"321","author":"JM Kinge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kinge JM, Modalsli JH, \u00d8verland S, Gjessing HK, Toll\u00e5nes MC, Knudsen AK, et al. Association of household income with life expectancy and cause-specific mortality in Norway, 2005\u20132015. JAMA. 2019;321(19):1916\u201325.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2024770118","author":"E Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen E, Lam PH, Finegood ED, Turiano NA, Mroczek DK, Miller GE. The balance of giving versus receiving social support and all-cause mortality in a US national sample. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2024770118.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03055-7","volume":"21","author":"HME Foster","year":"2023","unstructured":"Foster HME, Gill JMR, Mair FS, Celis-Morales CA, Jani BD, Nicholl BI, et al. Social connection and mortality in UK biobank: a prospective cohort analysis. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):384.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1879_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2022-219791","volume":"77","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zheng Y, Ruan H, Li L, Duan L, He S. Association between social activity frequency and overall survival in older people: results from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2023;77(5):277\u201384.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"1879_CR5","volume":"54","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Guyatt G, Gao Y, Hao Q, Abdullah R, Basmaji J, et al. Living alone and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClin Med. 2022;54:101677.","journal-title":"EClin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1879_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01617-6","volume":"7","author":"F Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang F, Gao Y, Han Z, Yu Y, Long Z, Jiang X, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nat Hum Behav. 2023;7(8):1307\u201319.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1879_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00263-5","volume":"5","author":"P Hanlon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hanlon P, Wightman H, Politis M, Kirkpatrick S, Jones C, Andrew MK, et al. The relationship between frailty and social vulnerability: a systematic review. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024;5(3):e214\u201326.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"1879_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105123","volume":"115","author":"M Yamada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamada M, Arai H. Understanding social frailty. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023;115:105123.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"17","key":"1879_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019954","volume":"10","author":"K Jujo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jujo K, Kagiyama N, Saito K, Kamiya K, Saito H, Ogasahara Y, et al. Impact of social frailty in hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure: a FRAGILE-HF registry subanalysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(17):e019954.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1879_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnae114","author":"J Montayre","year":"2024","unstructured":"Montayre J, Kuo K, Leung KMC, Zhao I. Measuring social frailty: a scoping review of available scales and tools. Gerontologist. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnae114.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"11","key":"1879_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1926","volume":"22","author":"Y Matsue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsue Y, Kamiya K, Saito H, Saito K, Ogasahara Y, Maekawa E, et al. Prevalence and prognostic impact of the coexistence of multiple frailty domains in elderly patients with heart failure: the FRAGILE-HF cohort study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(11):2112\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"1879_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah SJ, Oreper S, Jeon SY, Boscardin WJ, Fang MC, Covinsky KE: Social frailty index: development and validation of an index of social attributes predictive of mortality in older adults. proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023, 120(7):e2209414120.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209414120"},{"issue":"11","key":"1879_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003.e1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.08.023","volume":"16","author":"H Makizako","year":"2015","unstructured":"Makizako H, Shimada H, Tsutsumimoto K, Lee S, Doi T, Nakakubo S, et al. Social frailty in community-dwelling older adults as a risk factor for disability. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(11):1003.e1007-1011.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1879_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181178","volume":"70","author":"K Tsutsumimoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsutsumimoto K, Doi T, Nakakubo S, Kim M, Kurita S, Ishii H, et al. Impact of social frailty on Alzheimer\u2019s disease onset: a 53-month longitudinal cohort study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70(2):587\u201395.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1879_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12696","volume":"21","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Z, Jiang X, Shi G, Wang Y, Chu X, Wang Z, et al. Social frailty and longitudinal risk of depressive symptoms in a Chinese population: the Rugao longevity and aging study. Psychogeriatrics. 2021;21(4):483\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1879_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-017-0414-7","volume":"14","author":"S Bunt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bunt S, Steverink N, Olthof J, van der Schans CP, Hobbelen JSM. Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review. Eur J Ageing. 2017;14(3):323\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.007","volume":"24","author":"XM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang XM, Cao S, Gao M, Xiao S, Xie X, Wu X. The prevalence of social frailty among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023;24(1):29-37.e29.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04241-1","volume":"23","author":"X Qi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qi X, Li Y, Hu J, Meng L, Zeng P, Shi J, et al. Prevalence of social frailty and its associated factors in the older Chinese population: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):532.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1879_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13696","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Hu Z, Jiang S, Hao M, Li Y, Liu Y, et al. Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults. Alzheimers Dement. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13696.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"5","key":"1879_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00387-0","volume":"3","author":"A Sommerlad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sommerlad A, Kivim\u00e4ki M, Larson EB, R\u00f6hr S, Shirai K, Singh-Manoux A, et al. Social participation and risk of developing dementia. Nat Aging. 2023;3(5):532\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"1879_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005815","volume":"45","author":"M Nagayoshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagayoshi M, Everson-Rose SA, Iso H, Mosley TH Jr, Rose KM, Lutsey PL. Social network, social support, and risk of incident stroke: atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Stroke. 2014;45(10):2868\u201373.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeab045","volume":"2","author":"A Coyte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coyte A, Perry R, Papacosta AO, Lennon L, Whincup PH, Wannamethee SG, et al. Social relationships and the risk of incident heart failure: results from a prospective population-based study of older men. Eur Heart J Open. 2022;2(1):oeab045.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"key":"1879_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.09.001","volume":"114","author":"KE Rentscher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rentscher KE, Klopack ET, Crimmins EM, Seeman TE, Cole SW, Carroll JE. Social relationships and epigenetic aging in older adulthood: results from the health and retirement study. Brain Behav Immun. 2023;114:349\u201359.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1879_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.3822","volume":"74","author":"J Krell-Roesch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krell-Roesch J, Vemuri P, Pink A, Roberts RO, Stokin GB, Mielke MM, et al. Association between mentally stimulating activities in late life and the outcome of incident mild cognitive impairment, with an analysis of the APOE \u03b54 genotype. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(3):332\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1879_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004566","volume":"53","author":"E Ryu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ryu E, Jenkins GD, Wang Y, Olfson M, Talati A, Lepow L, et al. The importance of social activity to risk of major depression in older adults. Psychol Med. 2023;53(6):2634\u201342.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1879_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30284-X","volume":"6","author":"S Floud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Floud S, Balkwill A, Sweetland S, Brown A, Reus EM, Hofman A, et al. Cognitive and social activities and long-term dementia risk: the prospective UK million women study. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(2):e116\u201323.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"1879_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101122","volume":"62","author":"R Desai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desai R, John A, Stott J, Charlesworth G. Living alone and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2020;62:101122.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"1879_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102043","volume":"91","author":"J Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang J, Huang J, Yang X, Li S, Wu X, Ma X. The association of living alone and social isolation with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;91:102043.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1879_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igad071","volume":"7","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Yuan X, Xia B, He Q, Jie W, Dai M. Living alone increases the risk of hypertension in older Chinese adults: a population-based longitudinal study. Innov Aging. 2023;7(6):igad071.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"1879_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901","volume":"167","author":"FS Ragusa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ragusa FS, Veronese N, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Social frailty increases the risk of all-cause mortality: a longitudinal analysis of the English longitudinal study of ageing. Exp Gerontol. 2022;167:111901.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1879_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1054-0","volume":"22","author":"L Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma L, Sun F, Tang Z. Social frailty is associated with physical functioning, cognition, and depression, and predicts mortality. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(8):989\u201395.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"1879_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.09.013","volume":"19","author":"M Yamada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamada M, Arai H. Social frailty predicts incident disability and mortality among community-dwelling Japanese older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(12):1099\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"1879_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104555","volume":"98","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Noguchi T, Kubo Y, Tomiyama N, Ochi A, Hayashi H. Social frailty and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in Japan: role of home exercise habits. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2022;98:104555.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02466-6","volume":"21","author":"CH Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang CH, Okada K, Matsushita E, Uno C, Satake S, Martins BA, et al. The association of social frailty with intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):515.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01814-2","volume":"20","author":"K Nagai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagai K, Tamaki K, Kusunoki H, Wada Y, Tsuji S, Itoh M, et al. Physical frailty predicts the development of social frailty: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):403.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"1879_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30091-4","volume":"3","author":"P Hanlon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanlon P, Nicholl BI, Jani BD, Lee D, McQueenie R, Mair FS. Frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults and its association with multimorbidity and mortality: a prospective analysis of 493 737 UK Biobank participants. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3(7):e323\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1879_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30007-6","volume":"1","author":"F Petermann-Rocha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petermann-Rocha F, Lyall DM, Gray SR, Esteban-Cornejo I, Quinn TJ, Ho FK, et al. Associations between physical frailty and dementia incidence: a prospective study from UK biobank. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2020;1(2):e58\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1879_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","volume":"56","author":"LP Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146-156.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1879_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs047","volume":"42","author":"J Garre-Olmo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garre-Olmo J, Calv\u00f3-Perxas L, L\u00f3pez-Pousa S, de Gracia Blanco M, Vilalta-Franch J. Prevalence of frailty phenotypes and risk of mortality in a community-dwelling elderly cohort. Age Ageing. 2013;42(1):46\u201351.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"10","key":"1879_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.03.010","volume":"21","author":"Y Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee Y, Chon D, Kim J, Ki S, Yun J. The predictive value of social frailty on adverse outcomes in older adults living in the community. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(10):1464-1469.e1462.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"1879_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.11.003","volume":"11","author":"RJ Gobbens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gobbens RJ, van Assen MA, Luijkx KG, Wijnen-Sponselee MT, Schols JM. The tilburg frailty indicator: psychometric properties. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11(5):344\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"}],"container-title":["GeroScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01879-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01879-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01879-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:09:12Z","timestamp":1783764552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01879-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01879-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee approved the collection and use of the UK Biobank data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent. Institutional review board approval was waived for this analysis because of the publicly available and deidentified data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing\u00a0Interests"}}]}}