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While epithelial and microbial changes have been extensively studied, the role of intestinal T cells as active regulators of barrier homeostasis during aging remains underappreciated. The gut harbors the largest population of T cells in the body, including diverse conventional and unconventional subsets that directly shape epithelial differentiation, mucus production, antimicrobial defense, and tight junction organization through cytokine-mediated signaling. In this review, we synthesize current evidence linking age-related alterations in intestinal T-cell composition and function to epithelial barrier decline. We focus on key T-cell subsets including Th1, Th17, Th22, regulatory T cells, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes, and discuss how aging-associated shifts in their cytokine profiles may disrupt the balance between barrier maintenance, repair, and inflammation. We further examine how T-cell dysfunctions characteristic of aging, including senescent-like and exhausted phenotypes, may exacerbate epithelial injury, microbial translocation, and systemic immune activation. Insights from age-accelerated conditions such as HIV\/SIV infection and inflammatory bowel disease are used to inform emerging models of T-cell-driven barrier decline in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-026-02292-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:22:14Z","timestamp":1778898134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intestinal T cells in aging: implications for gut barrier integrity and inflammaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9771-9007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina M.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia R.","family":"Schaaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore M.","family":"DeConne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2292_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29473-9","volume":"8","author":"QN Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson QN, et al. 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