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In up to 157,457 participants from the UK Biobank, we explored cross-sectional and prospective associations between adherence to the Eatwell Guide and markers of physical function (grip strength, fat-free mass percentage, self-reported walking pace, and falls). Eatwell Guide adherence scores were derived from 24-h dietary recall data (Oxford WebQ), and quantified using a graded, food-based scoring system. Differences between population subgroups including by age, sex, physical activity, and protein intake level were explored. Higher Eatwell Guide adherence was cross-sectionally associated with higher grip strength, greater fat-free mass percentage, higher odds of brisk walking pace, and lower odds of falls (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Prospectively, greater adherence was associated with attenuated fat-free mass decline (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.02, SE\u2009=\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and slower grip strength decline (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.01, SE\u2009=\u20090.002,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). For walking pace, the positive cross-sectional association attenuated over follow-up (EWG\u2009\u00d7\u2009time interaction OR\u2009=\u20090.998, 95% CI 0.997\u20130.999,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), whereas the protective association with falls remained stable over time (OR\u2009=\u20091.000, 95% CI 0.998\u20131.000,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.89). Higher Eatwell Guide adherence was associated with preserved muscle mass, modest attenuation of grip strength decline over time, and a reduced risk of falls, supporting its relevance for musculoskeletal health and physical function in aging populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-026-02414-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T17:02:38Z","timestamp":1784221358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and associations with markers of physical function: a prospective analysis within the UK Biobank cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6044-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona C.","family":"Malcomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstie","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Matu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Ells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver M.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2414_CR1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. 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OMS has received research grants from EPSRC, BBSRC, Rank Prize, MRC, Wellcome Trust, NIHR, ARUK, OHID, the Fruit Juice Science Centre and the Nutrition Society. He has carried out paid consultancy (paid to institution) for Delta Hat Ltd and is a Section Chair for the Nutrition Society. SG is an employee of Scottish Brain Sciences, an independent research organisation. She has received research grants from Royal Society of Edinburgh, ARUK, and the Alzheimer\u2019s Association. JM has received research grants from NIHR and OHID. LJE has received research grants from MRC, NIHR, InnovateUK, Oliver Bird, OHID, WHO and ran a workshop funded by Lilly on community pharmacies role in weight management (payment to institution). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}