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An additional aim was to explore whether individual baseline F\u2013V profiles were associated with training-induced improvements in muscle power and functional capacity. Middle-aged and older adults with and without mobility limitations (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200936, 61\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u00a0years) completed a 12-week HVRT program (2\u00a0days\/week, 40\u201360% 1-RM). F\u2013V profiles were determined using leg press exercises at loads ranging from 30\u201390% 1-RM, and a linear position transducer. Functional capacity was assessed via maximal gait speed and 30-s Sit-to-Stand tests. HVRT significantly increased the theoretical maximal force (F\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), maximal power (P\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and the F\u2013V slope (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while maximal movement velocity (V\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) remained unchanged at the group level. Analysis of individual trajectories revealed substantial heterogeneity in F-V adaptations. Lower baseline V\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    was associated with greater improvements in V\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    (r\u2009=\u2009-0.629,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and this association was attenuated in an Oldham-style sensitivity analysis (r\u2009=\u2009-0.366, p\u2009=\u20090.028). Stratification by V\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    tertiles showed that velocity-deficient individuals had lower baseline power but experienced the greatest V\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    gains (+\u200910.6% vs. -1.0%, p\u2009=\u20090.002). Within this subgroup, improvements in V\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    were associated with improvements in maximal gait speed (r\u2009=\u20090.685, p\u2009=\u20090.010). These findings suggest that, in the present sample, HVRT enhances muscle power primarily via force-related adaptations, while velocity-related adaptations were heterogeneous and may be functionally relevant when they occur.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-026-02419-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:29:38Z","timestamp":1784183378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-velocity resistance training improves the force\u2013velocity profile in middle-aged and older adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3339-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Z.","family":"Schaun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1850-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Raidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1090-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Alcazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5258-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristine L.","family":"Alberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-2799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Csapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00475.2016","volume":"121","author":"SK Hunter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hunter SK, Pereira HM, Keenan KG. 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