{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T13:29:05Z","timestamp":1787232545833,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72374180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72374180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&D Programs of Zhejiang Province","award":["2025C02104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C02104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeroScience"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-026-02437-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T01:07:14Z","timestamp":1787188034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of cumulative obesity and genetic susceptibility on biological aging in Chinese older adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jiening","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciyun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinyi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2437_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.039","volume":"159","author":"BK Kennedy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kennedy BK, et al. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell. 2014;159:709\u201313.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2437_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9954-6","volume":"39","author":"F Sierra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sierra F, Kohanski R. Geroscience and the trans-NIH Geroscience Interest Group, GSIG. Geroscience. 2017;39:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"2437_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.10.004","volume":"127","author":"P Klemera","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klemera P, Doubal S. A new approach to the concept and computation of biological age. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006;127:240\u20138.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2437_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.01.004","volume":"134","author":"AA Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen AA, et al. A novel statistical approach shows evidence for multi-system physiological dysregulation during aging. Mech Ageing Dev. 2013;134:110\u20137.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2437_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13376","volume":"20","author":"CL Kuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Liu Z, Atkins JL, Levine ME. Genetic associations for two biological age measures point to distinct aging phenotypes. Aging Cell. 2021;20:e13376.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2437_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312816","volume":"123","author":"L Ferrucci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrucci L, Levine ME, Kuo PL, Simonsick EM. Time and the metrics of aging. Circ Res. 2018;123:740\u20134.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2437_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00518-7","volume":"3","author":"DW Belsky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belsky DW, Baccarelli AA. To promote healthy aging, focus on the environment. Nat Aging. 2023;3:1334\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"2437_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12991","volume":"21","author":"BT Tam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tam BT, Morais JA, Santosa S. Obesity and ageing: two sides of the same coin. Obes Rev. 2020;21:e12991.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2437_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973","volume":"143","author":"TM Powell-Wiley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powell-Wiley TM, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143:e984-1010.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2437_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39282-y","volume":"14","author":"M Recalde","year":"2023","unstructured":"Recalde M, et al. Longitudinal body mass index and cancer risk: a cohort study of 2.6 million Catalan adults. Nat Commun. 2023;14:3816.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2437_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0301-7","volume":"9","author":"T Nevalainen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nevalainen T, et al. Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging in middle-aged but not in elderly individuals. Clin Epigenetics. 2017;9:20.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"2437_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab064","volume":"47","author":"S McWhinney","year":"2021","unstructured":"McWhinney S, et al. Obesity as a risk factor for accelerated brain ageing in first-episode psychosis-a longitudinal study. Schizophr Bull. 2021;47:1772\u201381.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2437_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11562-5","volume":"12","author":"L Etzel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Etzel L, et al. Obesity and accelerated epigenetic aging in a high-risk cohort of children. Sci Rep. 2022;12:8328.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2437_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204492","volume":"15","author":"CA Foster","year":"2023","unstructured":"Foster CA, et al. Epigenetic age acceleration correlates with BMI in young adults. Aging (Albany NY). 2023;15:513\u201323.","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"2437_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.10.020","volume":"117","author":"X Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao X, et al. Weight change across adulthood and accelerated biological aging in middle-aged and older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023;117:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2437_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07925-0","volume":"10","author":"N van den Berg","year":"2019","unstructured":"van den Berg N, et al. Longevity defined as top 10% survivors and beyond is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait. Nat Commun. 2019;10:35.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2437_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B237","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.6.B237","volume":"48","author":"M McGue","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGue M, Vaupel JW, Holm N, Harvald B. Longevity is moderately heritable in a sample of Danish twins born 1870-1880. J Gerontol. 1993;48:B237-244.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"2437_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02185763","volume":"97","author":"AM Herskind","year":"1996","unstructured":"Herskind AM, et al. The heritability of human longevity: a population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs born 1870\u20131900. Hum Genet. 1996;97:319\u201323.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2437_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109.e2115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.026","volume":"32","author":"S Walter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walter S, et al. A genome-wide association study of aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32:2109.e2115-2128.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2437_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002827","volume":"16","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Z, et al. Associations of genetics, behaviors, and life course circumstances with a novel aging and healthspan measure: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. PLoS Med. 2019;16:e1002827.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2437_CR21","first-page":"1064","volume":"45","author":"Z Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu Z, et al. Cohort profile: the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study (RuLAS). Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45:1064\u201373.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2437_CR22","first-page":"83","volume":"15","author":"BF Zhou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhou BF. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults\u2013study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci. 2002;15:83\u201396.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2437_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","volume":"366","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome\u2013a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366:1059\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2437_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa238","volume":"76","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Z. Development and validation of 2 composite aging measures using routine clinical biomarkers in the Chinese population: analyses from 2 prospective cohort studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76:1627\u201332.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2437_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21243","volume":"6","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng Y, et al. Novel loci and pathways significantly associated with longevity. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21243.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2437_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45:1\u201367.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2437_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02924688","volume":"31","author":"H Toutenburg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Toutenburg H, Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. Stat Pap. 1990;31:180\u2013180.","journal-title":"Stat Pap"},{"key":"2437_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nan J, et al. Prevalence and influencing factors of central obesity among adults in China: China nutrition and health surveillance (2015-2017). Nutrients. 2024;16:2623.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162623"},{"key":"2437_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab251","volume":"77","author":"WY Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin WY. Lifestyle factors and genetic variants on 2 biological age measures: evidence from 94 443 Taiwan Biobank participants. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2022;77:1189\u201398.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2437_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02674-w","volume":"21","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, et al. Long-term variability in physiological measures in relation to mortality and epigenetic aging: prospective studies in the USA and China. BMC Med. 2023;21:20.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2437_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101268","volume":"67","author":"AL Santos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santos AL, Sinha S. Obesity and aging: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;67:101268.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2437_CR32","first-page":"377","volume":"12","author":"JP Felber","year":"1988","unstructured":"Felber JP, et al. The metabolic consequences of long-term human obesity. Int J Obes. 1988;12:377\u201389.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2437_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2017.11.016","volume":"155","author":"RA Bentley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bentley RA, Ross CN, O\u2019Brien MJ. Obesity, metabolism, and aging: a multiscalar approach. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2018;155:25\u201342.","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"key":"2437_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461s","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.461S","volume":"83","author":"AS Greenberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:461s\u20135s.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2437_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.26480\/msm.01.2017.30.33","volume":"1","author":"G Abbas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abbas G, et al. Aging mechanisms: linking oxidative stress, obesity and inflammation. Matrix Sci Med. 2017;1:30\u20133.","journal-title":"Matrix Sci Med"},{"key":"2437_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","volume":"186","author":"C L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe. Cell. 2023;186:243\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2437_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04752-6","volume":"13","author":"MY Ou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ou MY, Zhang H, Tan PC, Zhou SB, Li QF. Adipose tissue aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13:300.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2437_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang H, et al. Clinical biomarker-based biological ageing and the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Age Ageing. 2024;53:afae245.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae245"},{"key":"2437_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly136","volume":"74","author":"KG Arbeev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arbeev KG, et al. \u201cPhysiological dysregulation\u201d as a promising measure of robustness and resilience in studies of aging and a new indicator of preclinical disease. J Gerontol: Series A. 2019;74:462\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Series A"},{"key":"2437_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab281","volume":"191","author":"GH Graf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Graf GH, et al. Testing Black-White disparities in biological aging among older adults in the United States: analysis of DNA-methylation and blood-chemistry methods. Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191:613\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2437_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63425","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63425","volume":"10","author":"S H\u00e4gg","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00e4gg S, Jylh\u00e4v\u00e4 J. Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies. Elife. 2021;10:e63425.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2437_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. Joint impact of polygenic risk score and lifestyles on early- and late-onset cardiovascular diseases. Nat Hum Behav. 2024;8:1810\u20131818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01923-7"},{"key":"2437_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.06.004","volume":"36","author":"MS Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim MS, et al. Association of genetic risk, lifestyle, and their interaction with obesity and obesity-related morbidities. Cell Metab. 2024;36:1494-1503.e1493.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2437_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.06.012","volume":"32","author":"C Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu C, et al. Obesity-enriched gut microbe degrades myo-inositol and promotes lipid absorption. Cell Host Microbe. 2024;32:1301-1314.e1309.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2437_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21243","volume":"6","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng Y, et al. Novel loci and pathways significantly associated with longevity. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21243.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2437_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2357::AID-IMMU2357>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"31","author":"M Bonaf\u00e8","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bonaf\u00e8 M, et al. A gender\u2013dependent genetic predisposition to produce high levels of IL-6 is detrimental for longevity. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31:2357\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2437_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.8.1513","volume":"44","author":"GW Rebeck","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rebeck GW, et al. Reduced apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele frequency in the oldest old Alzheimer\u2019s patients and cognitively normal individuals. Neurology. 1994;44:1513\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["GeroScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02437-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02437-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02437-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T13:03:19Z","timestamp":1787230999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02437-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["2437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02437-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The RLAS was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of Fudan University School of Life Sciences (No.278), and all participants provided informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}