{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:47:01Z","timestamp":1791838021607,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Behav Health Serv Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduce overdose mortality, yet most individuals with opioid use disorder receive no pharmacotherapy. Facility-level health information technology may reflect broader organizational capacity, but it has rarely been examined as a marker associated with readiness to offer evidence-based opioid care. This cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2024 National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS) Public Use File included a base sample of 20,813 substance use disorder treatment facilities and used complete-case adjusted logistic regression to examine whether exclusive electronic health record (EHR) use, defined as reliance on an EHR with no paper charts, was associated with the availability of buprenorphine, naltrexone, take-home naloxone with overdose education, and co-occurring opioid use disorder services. Models adjusted for ownership, program focus, opioid treatment program (OTP) registration, and financial access characteristics; federally regulated OTP methadone availability served as a regulatory contrast. Among facilities with valid EHR responses (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916,107), 68.3% reported exclusive EHR use. Exclusive EHR use was associated with higher adjusted odds of buprenorphine (aOR\u2009=\u20093.05), naltrexone (aOR\u2009=\u20092.90), take-home naloxone with overdose education (aOR\u2009=\u20093.18), and co-occurring services (aOR\u2009=\u20092.33), and more weakly with federally regulated OTP methadone availability (aOR\u2009=\u20091.23). Exclusive EHR use is an organizational marker associated with service availability, but the cross-sectional design and potential residual confounding preclude causal conclusions about whether EHR investment would expand opioid treatment access.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-026-10024-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:06:43Z","timestamp":1791835603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health Information Technology Infrastructure and Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Naloxone in U.S. Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth E.","family":"Meyerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"10024_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provisional drug overdose death counts. National Center for Health Statistics. 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/releases\/20240515.html. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"issue":"5","key":"10024_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.14997","volume":"8","author":"LA Post","year":"2025","unstructured":"Post LA, Ciccarone D, Unick GJ et al (2025) Decline in US drug overdose deaths by region, substance, and demographics. JAMA Netw Open. 8(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.14997","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"10024_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22210-8","volume":"25","author":"LS Fischer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fischer LS, Asher A, Stein R et al (2025) Effectiveness of naloxone distribution in community settings to reduce opioid overdose deaths among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 25:1135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-22210-8","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"10024_CR4","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation. Opioid overdose deaths: national trends and variation by demographics and states. 2026. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/mental-health\/opioid-overdose-deaths-national-trends-and-variation-by-demographics-and-states\/. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"key":"10024_CR5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose-prevention\/about\/understanding-the-opioid-overdose-epidemic.html. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"key":"10024_CR6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opioid use disorder: treating. 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose-prevention\/hcp\/clinical-care\/opioid-use-disorder-treating.html. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"issue":"4","key":"10024_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.9744","volume":"7","author":"M Shulman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shulman M, Greiner MG, Tafessu HM et al (2024) Rapid initiation of injection naltrexone for opioid use disorder: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 7(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.9744","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"10024_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.18569","volume":"25","author":"KK Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul KK, Frey CG, Truong S et al (2024) Buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid use disorder: reduction in mortality and increased remission. West J Emerg Med. 25(6):869\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.18569","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med."},{"key":"10024_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treatment for opioid use disorder: population estimates, United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73(25):572\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7325a1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7325a1"},{"key":"10024_CR10","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS): 2024 data. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2024. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/data-we-collect\/n-sumhss-national-substance-use-and-mental-health-services-survey\/annual-releases\/2024. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"key":"10024_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45238","volume":"25","author":"JA Frimpong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frimpong JA, Liu X, Liu L et al (2023) Adoption of electronic health record among substance use disorder treatment programs: nationwide cross-sectional survey study. J Med Internet Res. 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/45238","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10024_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/08897077231179576","volume":"44","author":"MS Schuler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schuler MS, Saloner B, Gordon AJ et al (2023) National trends in buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder from 2007 to 2018. Subst Abus. 44(3):154\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08897077231179576","journal-title":"Subst Abus."},{"issue":"8","key":"10024_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14002","volume":"27","author":"WC Holland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holland WC, Nath B, Li F et al (2020) Interrupted time series of user-centered clinical decision support implementation for emergency department-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder. Acad Emerg Med. 27(8):753\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.14002","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"10024_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069271","volume":"377","author":"ER Melnick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melnick ER, Nath B, Dziura JD et al (2022) User-centered clinical decision support to implement initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the emergency department: EMBED pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-069271","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10024_CR15","unstructured":"Chang W, Owusu-Mensah P. Electronic health record adoption and exchange capabilities among substance use and mental health treatment facilities, 2024. ONC Data Brief No. 82. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology; 2026. https:\/\/healthit.gov\/data\/data-briefs\/electronic-health-record-adoption-and-exchange-capabilities-among-substance-use-and-mental-health-treatment-facilities-2024\/. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"key":"10024_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209653","volume":"172","author":"JA Lebin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lebin JA, Sommers S, Lun Z et al (2025) Clinical decision support as an implementation strategy to expand identification and administration of treatment of opioid use disorder in the emergency department. 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Addiction. 114(9):1575\u20131581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14635","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"10024_CR19","unstructured":"Dougherty M, McGavin R, Pilar M, et al. Health information technology adoption and utilization in behavioral health settings: final report. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2024. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/b9f858a38ff71660528cf1e4b8df00fa\/HIT-adoption-utilization-bh-settings.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2026."},{"key":"10024_CR20","unstructured":"Behavioral Health Business. Lawmakers propose new bill that would help fund EHRs for behavioral health providers. 2023. https:\/\/bhbusiness.com\/2023\/08\/03\/lawmakers-propose-new-bill-that-would-help-fund-ehrs-for-behavioral-health-providers\/. 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The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The study analyzed de-identified, publicly available, facility-level data and did not involve human participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used Claude (Anthropic), a large language model, to assist with editorial revision and reference formatting. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the publication\u2019s content.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of Generative AI Use in the Writing Process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is reported in accordance with the STROBE guideline for cross-sectional studies.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Reporting Guideline","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}