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The sample preparation procedure included protein precipitation for plasma samples and hydrolysis for urine samples, solid-phase extraction and finally derivatization with <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For all analytes, the LOD and LOQ were 0.06 and 0.20\u00a0ng\/mL, respectively. The calibration curves were linear (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2265\u20090.992), and absolute recoveries were \u226591.7%. Accuracy and precision were within the accepted range. From the analysis of biologic samples of 10 human participants who were taking CBD oil, it was realized that \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC was not detected in urine, while 11-nor-carboxy-\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC (0.69\u201323.06\u00a0ng\/mL) and CBD (0.29\u201396.78\u00a0ng\/mL) were found in all urine samples. Regarding plasma samples, \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC (0.21\u20130.62\u00a0ng\/mL) was detected in 10, 11-nor-carboxy-\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC (0.20\u20132.44\u00a0ng\/mL) in 35, while CBD (0.20\u20131.58\u00a0ng\/mL) in 25 out of 38 samples, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC is likely to be found in plasma although at low concentrations. In addition, the detection of 11-nor-carboxy-\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-THC in both urine and plasma samples raises questions and concerns for the proper interpretation of toxicological results, especially considering Greece\u2019s zero tolerance law applied in DUID and workplace cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-024-00686-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T14:01:32Z","timestamp":1712671292000},"page":"191-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determination of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-carboxy-\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in human plasma and urine after a commercial cannabidiol oil product intake"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2142-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Papoutsis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Hatzidouka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatina-Panagoula","family":"Ntoupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolis","family":"Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artemisia","family":"Dona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Sakelliadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chara","family":"Spiliopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"686_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.009","volume":"47","author":"SA Hussain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hussain SA, Zhou R, Jacobson C, Weng J, Cheng E, Lay J, Hung P, Lerner JT, Sankar R (2015) Perceived efficacy of cannabidiol-enriched cannabis extracts for treatment of pediatric epilepsy: a potential role for infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. 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