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CN metabolites, thiocyanate (SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), have been proposed as more stable biomarkers, yet it is unclear if either is appropriate for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of CN biomarkers in postmortem swine and postmortem blood to determine which serves as the best biomarker of CN exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CN, SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and ATCA were measured in postmortem swine (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) stored at 4\u00a0\u00b0C and postmortem blood stored at 25\u00a0\u00b0C (room temperature, RT) and 37\u00a0\u00b0C (typical human body temperature, HBT).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following CN poisoning, the concentration of each CN biomarker increased well above the baseline. In postmortem swine, CN concentrations declined rapidly (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200934.3\u00a0h) versus SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009359\u00a0h, 15\u00a0days) and ATCA (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009544\u00a0h, 23\u00a0days). CN instability in postmortem blood increased at RT (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200910.7\u00a0h) and HBT (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.6\u00a0h). SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and ATCA were more stable than CN at all storage conditions. In postmortem swine, the\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      s of SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and ATCA were 15 and 23\u00a0days, respectively. While both\u00a0the t1\/2s of SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and ATCA were relatively lengthy, endogenous levels of SCN\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      were much\u00a0more variable than ATCA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While there are still questions to be answered, ATCA was the most adept forensic marker of CN poisoning (i.e., ATCA produced\u00a0the longest half-life, the largest increase above baseline levels, and most stable background concentrations).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-024-00690-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T03:02:21Z","timestamp":1715569341000},"page":"221-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Can the cyanide metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, be used for forensic verification of cyanide poisoning?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Abdullah H.","family":"Alluhayb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carter","family":"Severance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Hendry-Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikhyat S.","family":"Bebarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian A.","family":"Logue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"690_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1021\/ac403846s","volume":"86","author":"R Jackson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackson R, Oda RP, Bhandari RK, Mahon SB, Brenner M, Rockwood GA, Logue BA (2014) Development of a fluorescence-based sensor for rapid diagnosis of cyanide exposure. 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