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Successful identification of drugs in necrophagous insects may depend on pharmacokinetic processes occurring in larvae. We thus applied a model system involving <jats:italic>Lucilia sericata<\/jats:italic> (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) to investigate pharmacokinetics of diazepam in larvae in vitro, followed by a field experiment with G\u00f6ttingen Minipigs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Lucilia sericata<\/jats:italic> larvae were fed one of four diazepam concentrations at constant temperature, sampled regularly, and analysed for diazepam and metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). Two G\u00f6ttingen Minipigs of 60\u00a0kg each were euthanised one hour after oral administration of 25\u00a0mg\/kg diazepam and placed outdoors. While available, samples of peripheral blood, cardiac blood, liver, and fly larvae were collected over 70\u00a0days. Extracts from porcine samples and larvae were analysed by LC\u2013MS\/MS. Some larvae were bred to adulthood and identified morphologically together with 718 larvae.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oxazepam was a primary metabolite of diazepam in <jats:italic>L. sericata<\/jats:italic> larvae. The most prevalent fly species on minipig carcasses were <jats:italic>Lucilia caesar<\/jats:italic> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) and <jats:italic>Lucilia illustris<\/jats:italic> (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Diazepam and metabolites were detected in all larval samples, even weeks after porcine samples were unacquirable due to post-mortem decomposition. Ratios of oxazepam and nordazepam to diazepam concentrations in larvae were significantly higher than in associated porcine samples, confirming metabolism in larvae.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings are relevant to forensic casework, as there is potential for misinterpreting that the deceased consumed oxazepam or nordazepam rather than diazepam. This caution may also apply to other drugs that can form through metabolism in larvae.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-025-00728-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T15:55:15Z","timestamp":1748274915000},"page":"333-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating the value of entomotoxicology in forensic toxicology casework using the first minipig model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olwen C.","family":"Groth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00eblle","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres E.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Reckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Hodecek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9715-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abderrahmane","family":"Kori Yahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Rahaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4335-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin H.","family":"Villet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Graw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"728_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2020.1792631","volume":"5","author":"KL Miles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miles KL, Finaughty DA, Gibbon VE (2020) A review of experimental design in forensic taphonomy: Moving towards forensic realism. 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