{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T01:24:10Z","timestamp":1788657850173,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Life Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-024-2653-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T07:33:30Z","timestamp":1737099210000},"page":"1042-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Landscapes of gut microbiome and blood metabolomic signatures in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jinzhou","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe P.","family":"Monnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunjin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2653_CR1","first-page":"934","volume":"25","author":"M Abdi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdi, M., Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, H., and Ranjbar, R. (2022). Lactobacilli and as anti-atherosclerotic agents. Iran J Basic Med Sci 25, 934\u2013946.","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"2653_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0953-0","volume":"123","author":"J Antel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antel, J., Antel, S., Caramanos, Z., Arnold, D.L., and Kuhlmann, T. (2012). Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: part of the MS disease spectrum or separate disease entity? Acta Neuropathol 123, 627\u2013638.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2653_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711233114","volume":"114","author":"K Berer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berer, K., Gerdes, L.A., Cekanaviciute, E., Jia, X., Xiao, L., Xia, Z., Liu, C., Klotz, L., Stauffer, U., Baranzini, S.E., et al. (2017). Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114, 10719\u201310724.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2653_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000481401","volume":"2","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernstein, C.N., and Forbes, J.D. (2017). Gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Inflamm Intest Dis 2, 116\u2013123.","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"key":"2653_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01364-2","volume":"10","author":"P Bianchimano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bianchimano, P., Britton, G.J., Wallach, D.S., Smith, E.M., Cox, L.M., Liu, S., Iwanowski, K., Weiner, H.L., Faith, J.J., Clemente, J.C., et al. (2022). Mining the microbiota to identify gut commensals modulating neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Microbiome 10, 174.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2653_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628642311811","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864231181170","volume":"16","author":"B Bu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bu, B., Quan, C., Li, W., Zeng, Q., Shi, Z., Chen, B., Zhou, L., Jin, L., Zhou, H., and Yang, H. (2023). The effectiveness of teriflunomide in patients with multiple sclerosis in China: a real-world comparison to no DMT treatment in the first year after diagnosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 16, 17562864231181170.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"2653_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay7675","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay7675","volume":"12","author":"L Calvier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calvier, L., Demuth, G., Manouchehri, N., Wong, C., Sacharidou, A., Mineo, C., Shaul, P.W., Monson, N.L., Kounnas, M.Z., St\u00fcve, O., et al. (2020). Reelin depletion protects against autoimmune encephalomyelitis by decreasing vascular adhesion of leukocytes. Sci Transl Med 12, eaay7675.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2653_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103798","volume":"76","author":"C Cantoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cantoni, C., Lin, Q., Dorsett, Y., Ghezzi, L., Liu, Z., Pan, Y., Chen, K., Han, Y., Li, Z., Xiao, H., et al. (2022). Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis. Ebiomedicine 76, 103798.","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"2653_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2018.04.006","volume":"36","author":"F Castillo-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castillo-\u00c1lvarez, F., P\u00e9rez-Matute, P., Oteo, J.A., and Marzo-Sola, M.E. (2021). The influence of interferon \u03b2-1b on gut microbiota composition in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurolog\u00eda 36, 495\u2013503.","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda"},{"key":"2653_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0131-4","volume":"3","author":"JL Castro-Mej\u00eda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castro-Mej\u00eda, J.L., Muhammed, M.K., Kot, W., Neve, H., Franz, C.M.A.P., Hansen, L. H., Vogensen, F.K., and Nielsen, D.S. (2015). Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses of phage communities in the human gut. Microbiome 3, 64.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2653_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.12.008","volume":"52","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, J., Zhao, B.C., Dai, X.Y., Xu, Y.R., Kang, J.X., and Li, J.L. (2023a). Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in maternally separated piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis. J Adv Res 52, 29\u201343.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2653_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.034","volume":"325","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, S., Yin, Y., Yue, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Jiang, W., Hou, Z., and Yuan, Y. (2023b). Integrating functional neuroimaging and serum proteins improves the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 325, 421\u2013428.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2653_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C33","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00243.2006","volume":"292","author":"AJ Chicco","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chicco, A.J., and Sparagna, G.C. (2007). Role of cardiolipin alterations in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292, C33\u2013C44.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2653_CR14","first-page":"356","volume":"63","author":"H Chong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chong, H., and Tan, T. (2009). A review of multiple sclerosis with Asian perspective. Med J Malaysia 63, 356\u2013361.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2653_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.035","volume":"148","author":"JC Clemente","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clemente, J.C., Ursell, L.K., Parfrey, L.W., and Knight, R. (2012). The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view. Cell 148, 1258\u20131270.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2653_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-02150-4","volume":"61","author":"S Cocozza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cocozza, S., Pontillo, G., Lanzillo, R., Russo, C., Petracca, M., Di Stasi, M., Paolella, C., Vola, E.A., Criscuolo, C., Moccia, M., et al. (2019). MRI features suggestive of gadolinium retention do not correlate with Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroradiology 61, 155\u2013162.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2653_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","volume":"486","author":"HMP Consortium","year":"2012","unstructured":"Consortium, H.M.P. (2012). Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486, 207\u2013214.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2653_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.021","volume":"185","author":"I Consortium","year":"2022","unstructured":"Consortium, I. (2022). Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. Cell 185, 3467\u20133486.e16.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2653_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00697-8","volume":"18","author":"J Correale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Correale, J., Hohlfeld, R., and Baranzini, S.E. (2022). The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 18, 544\u2013558.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26084","volume":"89","author":"LM Cox","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cox, L.M., Maghzi, A.H., Liu, S., Tankou, S.K., Dhang, F.H., Willocq, V., Song, A., Was\u00e9n, C., Tauhid, S., Chu, R., et al. (2021). Gut microbiome in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 89, 1195\u20131211.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR21","first-page":"1716","volume":"42","author":"W Dai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dai, W., Yan, J., Chen, G., Hu, G., Zhou, X., and Zeng, X. (2018). AQP4-knockout alleviates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes via SPHK1\/MAPK\/AKT signaling. Int J Mol Med 42, 1716\u20131722.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"2653_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.06.008","volume":"46","author":"C Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong, C., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Wang, Q., Gao, F., Sun, S., Liu, Q., Li, L., Liu, J., et al. (2023). Gut microbiota combined with metabolites reveals unique features of acute myocardial infarction patients different from stable coronary artery disease. J Adv Res 46, 101\u2013112.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2653_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2346-1","volume":"66","author":"L Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan, L., Xia, Y., Wang, Y., Han, D., Liu, Y., Li, J., Fu, J., Wang, L., Gan, Z., Liu, B., et al. (2023). Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity. Sci China Life Sci 66, 2466\u20132514.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"2653_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967300","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.967300","volume":"13","author":"X Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan, X., Wang, S., Hu, S., Yang, B., and Zhang, H. (2022). Host-microbiota interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the acute and chronic phases of cerebral ischemia. Front Immunol 13, 967300.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2653_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11488-y","volume":"270","author":"M Filippi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Filippi, M., Preziosa, P., Arnold, D.L., Barkhof, F., Harrison, D.M., Maggi, P., Mainero, C., Montalban, X., Sechi, E., Weinshenker, B.G., et al. (2023). Present and future of the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis: the imaging perspective. J Neurol 270, 1286\u20131299.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(00)00115-X","volume":"45","author":"M Greiner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greiner, M., Pfeiffer, D., and Smith, R.D. (2000). Principles and practical application of the receiver-operating characteristic analysis for diagnostic tests. Prev Vet Med 45, 23\u201341.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"2653_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2109","volume":"75","author":"J Hughes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hughes, J., Jokubaitis, V., Lugaresi, A., Hupperts, R., Izquierdo, G., Prat, A., Girard, M., Duquette, P., Grand\u2019Maison, F., Grammond, P., et al. (2018). Association of inflammation and disability accrual in patients with progressive-onset multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 75, 1407\u20131415.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1079","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.43","volume":"7","author":"H Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang, H., Chen, S., Li, C., Lu, N., Yue, Y., Yin, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhi, X., Zhang, D., and Yuan, Y. (2017). The serum protein levels of the tPA\u2013BDNF pathway are implicated in depression and antidepressant treatment. Transl Psychiatry 7, e1079.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2653_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440408","volume":"44","author":"D Karussis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karussis, D., Leker, R.R., Ashekenazi, A., and Abramsky, O. (1998). A subgroup of multiple sclerosis patients with anticardiolipin antibodies and unusual clinical manifestations: do they represent a new nosological entity? Ann Neurol 44, 629\u2013634.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000517","volume":"6","author":"I Katz Sand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Katz Sand, I., Zhu, Y., Ntranos, A., Clemente, J.C., Cekanaviciute, E., Brandstadter, R., Crabtree-Hartman, E., Singh, S., Bencosme, Y., Debelius, J., et al. (2019). Disease-modifying therapies alter gut microbial composition in MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 6, e517.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"2653_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/life11010055","volume":"11","author":"M Kozhieva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kozhieva, M., Naumova, N., Alikina, T., Boyko, A., Vlassov, V., and Kabilov, M.R. (2021). The core of gut life: Firmicutes profile in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Life 11, 55.","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"2653_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.65","volume":"14","author":"W Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai, W., Cai, Y., Zhou, J., Chen, S., Qin, C., Yang, C., Liu, J., Xie, X., and Du, C. (2017). Deficiency of the G protein G\u03b1q ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with impaired DC-derived IL-6 production and Th17 differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 14, 557\u2013567.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2653_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.7","volume":"17","author":"M Levy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levy, M., Kolodziejczyk, A.A., Thaiss, C.A., and Elinav, E. (2017). Dysbiosis and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 17, 219\u2013232.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2653_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","volume":"444","author":"RE Ley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ley, R.E., Turnbaugh, P.J., Klein, S., and Gordon, J.I. (2006). Human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444, 1022\u20131023.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2653_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.031195","volume":"59","author":"S Love","year":"2006","unstructured":"Love, S. (2006). Demyelinating diseases. J Clin Pathol 59, 1151\u20131159.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2653_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac016","volume":"145","author":"FD Lublin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lublin, F.D., H\u00e4ring, D.A., Ganjgahi, H., Ocampo, A., Hatami, F., \u010cuklina, J., Aarden, P., Dahlke, F., Arnold, D.L., Wiendl, H., et al. (2022). How patients with multiple sclerosis acquire disability. Brain 145, 3147\u20133161.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2653_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-014032","volume":"73","author":"EA Mayer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mayer, E.A., Nance, K., and Chen, S. (2022). The gut-brain axis. Annu Rev Med 73, 439\u2013453.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2653_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01647-9","volume":"122","author":"M Nazeri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nazeri, M., Bazrafshan, H., and Abolhasani Foroughi, A. (2022). Serum inflammatory markers in patients with multiple sclerosis and their association with clinical manifestations and MRI findings. Acta Neurol Belg 122, 1187\u20131193.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"2653_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.01.013","volume":"99","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.T., Kosciolek, T., Eyler, L.T., Knight, R., and Jeste, D.V. (2018). Overview and systematic review of studies of microbiome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 99, 50\u201361.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2653_CR40","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","author":"J O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan, J., and O\u2019Toole, P. (2013). Lactobacillus: host-microbe relationships. In: Dobrindt, U., Hacker, J., and Svanborg, C., eds. Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 119\u2013154."},{"key":"2653_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601658","volume":"56","author":"G Perdig\u00f3n","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perdig\u00f3n, G., Maldonado Galdeano, C., Valdez, J.C., and Medici, M. (2002). Interaction of lactic acid bacteria with the gut immune system. Eur J Clin Nutr 56, S21\u2013S26.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2653_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.10.022","volume":"115","author":"NM Pollock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pollock, N.M., Fernandes, J.P., Woodfield, J., Moussa, E., Hlavay, B., Branton, W.G., Wuest, M., Mohammadzadeh, N., Schmitt, L., Plemel, J.R., et al. (2023). Gasdermin D activation in oligodendrocytes and microglia drives inflammatory demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 115, 374\u2013393.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2653_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030433","volume":"12","author":"JL Preiningerova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Preiningerova, J.L., Jiraskova Zakostelska, Z., Srinivasan, A., Ticha, V., Kovarova, I., Kleinova, P., Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H., and Kubala Havrdova, E. (2022). Multiple sclerosis and microbiome. Biomolecules 12, 433.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2653_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","volume":"464","author":"J Qin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K.S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., Yamada, T., et al. (2010). A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464, 59\u201365.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2653_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200710415","volume":"50","author":"MD Ruopp","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ruopp, M.D., Perkins, N.J., Whitcomb, B.W., and Schisterman, E.F. (2008). Youden index and optimal cut-point estimated from observations affected by a lower limit of detection. Biometr J 50, 419\u2013430.","journal-title":"Biometr J"},{"key":"2653_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.12.016","volume":"1851","author":"S Schmitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmitt, S., Cantuti Castelvetri, L., and Simons, M. (2015). Metabolism and functions of lipids in myelin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1851, 999\u20131005.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2653_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09512-0","volume":"20","author":"M Schoeler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schoeler, M., and Caesar, R. (2019). Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 20, 461\u2013472.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2653_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e624","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207481","volume":"101","author":"AJ Solomon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Solomon, A.J., Marrie, R.A., Viswanathan, S., Correale, J., Magyari, M., Robertson, N. P., Saylor, D.R., Kaye, W., Rechtman, L., Bae, E., et al. (2023). Global barriers to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: data from the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS, Third Edition. Neurology 101, e624.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2653_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01353.x","volume":"122","author":"M Sorice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sorice, M., Circella, A., Misasi, R., Pittoni, V., Garofalo, T., Cirelli, A., Pavan, A., Pontieri, G.M., and Valesini, G. (2000). Cardiolipin on the surface of apoptotic cells as a possible trigger for antiphospholipid antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 122, 277\u2013284.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2653_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818391","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.818391","volume":"12","author":"Y Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Ding, X., Cui, Y., Li, H., Wang, D., Liang, H., Liu, S., Zhang, X., Wang, H., and Sun, T. (2022). Positive effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitor (Sivelestat) on gut microbiome and metabolite profiles of septic rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12, 818391.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2653_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51476","volume":"8","author":"H Tremlett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tremlett, H., Zhu, F., Arnold, D., Bar-Or, A., Bernstein, C.N., Bonner, C., Forbes, J.D., Graham, M., Hart, J., Knox, N.C., et al. (2021). The gut microbiota in pediatric multiple sclerosis and demyelinating syndromes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 8, 2252\u20132269.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26793","volume":"95","author":"J Villacieros-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villacieros-\u00c1lvarez, J., Espejo, C., Arrambide, G., Castillo, M., Carbonell-Mirabent, P., Rodriguez, M., Bollo, L., Castill\u00f3, J., Comabella, M., Gal\u00e1n, I., et al. (2024). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in adults with a first demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 95, 116\u2013128.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0048-1","volume":"409","author":"K Wegner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wegner, K., Just, S., Gau, L., Mueller, H., G\u00e9rard, P., Lepage, P., Clavel, T., and Rohn, S. (2017). Rapid analysis of bile acids in different biological matrices using LC-ESI-MS\/MS for the investigation of bile acid transformation by mammalian gut bacteria. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 1231\u20131245.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"2653_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14641","volume":"149","author":"K Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu, K., He, Y., Chen, X., Tian, Y., Cheng, K., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Yang, D., Wang, H., Wu, Z., et al. (2019). Validation of the targeted metabolomic pathway in the hippocampus and comparative analysis with the prefrontal cortex of social defeat model mice. J Neurochem 149, 799\u2013810.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2653_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.129","volume":"345","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, K., Ren, Y., Fan, L., Zhao, S., Feng, J., Zhong, Q., Tu, D., Wu, W., Chen, J., and Xie, P. (2024a). TCF4 and RBFOX1 as peripheral biomarkers for the differential diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. J Affective Disord 345, 252\u2013261.","journal-title":"J Affective Disord"},{"key":"2653_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.06.003","volume":"59","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, K., Wang, M., Wang, H., Zhao, S., Tu, D., Gong, X., Li, W., Liu, X., Zhong, L., Chen, J., et al. (2024b). HMGB1\/STAT3\/p65 axis drives microglial activation and autophagy exert a crucial role in chronic Stress-Induced major depressive disorder. J Adv Res 59, 79\u201396.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2653_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05759-1","volume":"7","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, K., Ren, Y., Zhao, S., Feng, J., Wu, Q., Gong, X., Chen, J., and Xie, P. (2024c). Oral d-ribose causes depressive-like behavior by altering glycerophospholipid metabolism via the gut-brain axis. Commun Biol 7, 69.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2653_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01126-4","volume":"11","author":"K Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, K., Wang, M., Zhou, W., Pu, J., Wang, H., and Xie, P. (2021). Chronic d-ribose and d-mannose overload induce depressive\/anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory impairment in mice. Transl Psychiatry 11, 90.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2653_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03146-1","volume":"23","author":"K Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, K., Zhang, M., Yang, S., Yu, G., Zheng, P., Qin, X., and Feng, J. (2023a). Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus as a rare complication of disease-modifying therapy administration in multiple sclerosis: case report. BMC Neurol 23, 168.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2653_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.05.044","volume":"163","author":"K Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, K., Zheng, P., Zhao, S., Feng, J., Pu, J., Wang, J., Zhao, S., Wang, H., Chen, J., and Xie, P. (2023b). Altered MANF and RYR2 concentrations associated with hypolipidemia in the serum of patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatric Res 163, 142\u2013149.","journal-title":"J Psychiatric Res"},{"key":"2653_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02490-7","volume":"13","author":"K Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, K., Zheng, P., Zhao, S., Wang, J., Feng, J., Ren, Y., Zhong, Q., Zhang, H., Chen, X., Chen, J., et al. (2023c). LRFN5 and OLFM4 as novel potential biomarkers for major depressive disorder: a pilot study. Transl Psychiatry 13, 188.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2653_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02287-0","volume":"12","author":"K Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, K., Zheng, P., Zhao, S., Wang, M., Tu, D., Wei, Q., Feng, J., Wang, H., Chen, J., and Xie, P. (2022). MANF\/EWSR1\/ANXA6 pathway might as the bridge between hypolipidemia and major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 12, 527.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2653_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103788","volume":"89","author":"K Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, K., Zhou, X., Ren, Y., Zhao, S., Feng, J., Zhang, H., Zhong, Q., Wu, W., Chen, J., and Xie, P. (2023d). IDH2\/PPAR\u03b3 pathway as a novel diagnostic biomarker panel for schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatry 89, 103788.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2653_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901441","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901441","volume":"6","author":"P Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng, P., Li, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, H., Huang, Y., Tan, X., Pan, J., Duan, J., Liang, W., Yin, B., et al. (2019a). Perturbed microbial ecology in myasthenia gravis: evidence from the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome. Adv Sci 6, 1901441.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"2653_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau8317","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau8317","volume":"5","author":"P Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Liu, M., Chen, J., Pan, J., Han, Y., Liu, Y., Cheng, K., Zhou, C., Wang, H., et al. (2019b). The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice. Sci Adv 5, eaau8317.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2653_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.44","volume":"21","author":"P Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Zhou, C., Liu, M., Fang, Z., Xu, X., Zeng, L., Chen, J., Fan, S., Du, X., et al. (2016). Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host\u2019s metabolism. Mol Psychiatry 21, 786\u2013796.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2653_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100706","volume":"22","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, Q., Liu, M., and Fu, J. (2022). ALG2 inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness of ovarian granulosa cells through the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproductive Biol 22, 100706.","journal-title":"Reproductive Biol"},{"key":"2653_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00346","volume":"9","author":"S Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu, S., Liu, S., Li, H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Chen, L., Zhao, Y., Chen, Y., Gu, J., Min, L., et al. (2019). Identification of gut microbiota and metabolites signature in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 9, 346.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2653_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6918","volume":"359","author":"L Zitvogel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zitvogel, L., Ma, Y., Raoult, D., Kroemer, G., and Gajewski, T.F. (2018). The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Science 359, 1366\u20131370.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Science China Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11427-024-2653-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11427-024-2653-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11427-024-2653-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T16:14:00Z","timestamp":1743869640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11427-024-2653-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11427-024-2653-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-7305","1869-1889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-7305","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1889","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The human study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and confirmed to the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (as revised in 2008) concerning Human rights.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance and ethics"}}]}}