{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:52:19Z","timestamp":1786981939238,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Life Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-025-3175-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:51:45Z","timestamp":1773042705000},"page":"2463-2484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Broad synergistic effects of an AMP with multiple antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria via multifaceted mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Zifan","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouye","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taizhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","volume":"1\u20132","author":"MJ Abraham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abraham, M.J., Murtola, T., Schulz, R., P\u00e1ll, S., Smith, J.C., Hess, B., and Lindahl, E. (2015). GROMACS: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers. SoftwareX 1\u20132, 19\u201325.","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"3175_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","volume":"630","author":"J Abramson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abramson, J., Adler, J., Dunger, J., Evans, R., Green, T., Pritzel, A., Ronneberger, O., Willmore, L., Ballard, A.J., Bambrick, J., et al. (2024). Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature 630, 493\u2013500.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/160263a0","volume":"160","author":"GC Ainsworth","year":"1947","unstructured":"Ainsworth, G.C., Brown, A.M., and Brownlee, G. (1947). \u2018Aerosporin\u2019, an antibiotic produced by Bacillus aerosporus Greer. Nature 160, 263.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.04.002","volume":"50","author":"SM Amato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amato, S.M., Orman, M.A., and Brynildsen, M.P. (2013). Metabolic control of persister formation in Escherichia coli. Mol Cell 50, 475\u2013487.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02587-12","volume":"57","author":"MAK Azad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Azad, M.A.K., Finnin, B.A., Poudyal, A., Davis, K., Li, J., Hill, P.A., Nation, R.L., Velkov, T., and Li, J. (2013). Polymyxin B induces apoptosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57, 4329\u20134335.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3175_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1054\/drup.2001.0197","volume":"4","author":"E Azucena","year":"2001","unstructured":"Azucena, E., and Mobashery, S. (2001). Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes: mechanisms of catalytic processes and inhibition. Drug Resist Updat 4, 106\u2013117.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"3175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91118-6","volume":"315","author":"AP Ball","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ball, A.P., Geddes, A.M., Davey, P.G., Farrell, I.D., and Brookes, G.R. (1980). Clavulanic acid and amoxycillin: a clinical, bacteriological, and pharmacological study. Lancet 315, 620\u2013623.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fux053","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux053","volume":"42","author":"J Bengtsson-Palme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bengtsson-Palme, J., Kristiansson, E., and Larsson, D.G.J. (2018). Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 42, fux053.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(46)91224-X","volume":"247","author":"JW Bigger","year":"1946","unstructured":"Bigger, J.W. (1946). Synergic action of penicillin and sulphathiazole on Bacterium typhosum. Lancet 247, 81\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3175_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0015921","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00159-21","volume":"86","author":"BL Bilyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bilyk, B.L., Panchal, V.V., Tinajero-Trejo, M., Hobbs, J.K., and Foster, S.J. (2022). An interplay of multiple positive and negative factors governs methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 86, e0015921.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00630","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00630-13","volume":"4","author":"LM Bogomolnaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bogomolnaya, L.M., Andrews, K.D., Talamantes, M., Maple, A., Ragoza, Y., Vazquez-Torres, A., Andrews-Polymenis, H., and Swanson, M. (2013). The ABC-type efflux pump MacAB protects Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from oxidative stress. mBio 4, e00630.","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"3175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","volume":"14","author":"PA Bradford","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bradford, P.A. (2001). Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin Microbiol Rev 14, 933\u2013951.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198122050-00001","volume":"22","author":"RN Brogden","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brogden, R.N., Carmine, A., Heel, R.C., Morley, P.A., Speight, T.M., and Avery, G.S. (1981). Amoxycillin\/clavulanic acid: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use. Drugs 22, 337\u2013362.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"3175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12316","volume":"115","author":"HL Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown, H.L., van Vliet, A.H.M., Betts, R.P., and Reuter, M. (2013). Tetrazolium reduction allows assessment of biofilm formation by Campylobacter jejuni in a food matrix model. J Appl Microbiol 115, 1212\u20131221.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2408420","volume":"126","author":"G Bussi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bussi, G., Donadio, D., and Parrinello, M. (2007). Canonical sampling through velocity rescaling. J Chem Phys 126, 014101.","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"3175_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"074101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3073889","volume":"130","author":"G Bussi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bussi, G., Zykova-Timan, T., and Parrinello, M. (2009). Isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics using stochastic velocity rescaling. J Chem Phys 130, 074101.","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"3175_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00036","volume":"61","author":"S Cai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cai, S., Qiao, X., Feng, L., Shi, N., Wang, H., Yang, H., Guo, Z., Wang, M., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2018). Python cathelicidin CATHPb1 protects against multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections by antimicrobial-immunomodulatory duality. J Med Chem 61, 2075\u20132086.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"3175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0022120","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00221-20","volume":"35","author":"M Caldara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caldara, M., Belgiovine, C., Secchi, E., and Rusconi, R. (2022). Environmental, microbiological, and immunological features of bacterial biofilms associated with implanted medical devices. Clin Microbiol Rev 35, e0022120.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194877","volume":"20","author":"MH Cardoso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cardoso, M.H., Meneguetti, B.T., Costa, B.O., Buccini, D.F., Oshiro, K.G.N., Preza, S.L. E., Carvalho, C.M.E., Migliolo, L., and Franco, O.L. (2019). Non-lytic antibacterial peptides that translocate through bacterial membranes to act on intracellular targets. Int J Mol Sci 20, 4877.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.015","volume":"48","author":"E Chaparro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaparro, E., and da Silva Junior, P.I. (2016). Lacrain: the first antimicrobial peptide from the body extract of the Brazilian centipede Scolopendra viridicornis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 48, 277\u2013285.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"3175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-025-2955-6","volume":"68","author":"C Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, C., Li, S.L., Liu, J., Essack, S.Y., Luo, Y., Jong, M.C., Dai, X.Y., Xu, Y.Y., Korsten, L., Graham, D.W., et al. (2025). Progress and gaps in antimicrobial resistance research within One Health sectors in China: a systematic analysis. Sci China Life Sci 68, 2755\u20132767.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01576-06","volume":"51","author":"O Cirioni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cirioni, O., Ghiselli, R., Silvestri, C., Kamysz, W., Orlando, F., Mocchegiani, F., Di Matteo, F., Riva, A., \u0141ukasiak, J., Scalise, G., et al. (2007). Efficacy of tachyplesin III, colistin, and imipenem against a multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51, 2005\u20132010.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3175_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00820-y","volume":"21","author":"EM Darby","year":"2023","unstructured":"Darby, E.M., Trampari, E., Siasat, P., Gaya, M.S., Alav, I., Webber, M.A., and Blair, J. M.A. (2023). Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited. Nat Rev Microbiol 21, 280\u2013295.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10089","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464397","volume":"98","author":"T Darden","year":"1993","unstructured":"Darden, T., York, D., and Pedersen, L. (1993). Particle mesh Ewald: an N\u00b7log(N) method for Ewald sums in large systems. J Chem Phys 98, 10089\u201310092.","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"3175_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10731","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10731","volume":"7","author":"L Daury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daury, L., Orange, F., Taveau, J.C., Verch\u00e8re, A., Monlezun, L., Gounou, C., Marreddy, R.K.R., Picard, M., Broutin, I., Pos, K.M., et al. (2016). Tripartite assembly of RND multidrug efflux pumps. Nat Commun 7, 10731.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3175_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"J Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies, J., and Davies, D. (2010). Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74, 417\u2013433.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan4044","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan4044","volume":"10","author":"A de Breij","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Breij, A., Riool, M., Cordfunke, R.A., Malanovic, N., de Boer, L., Koning, R.I., Ravensbergen, E., Franken, M., van der Heijde, T., Boekema, B.K., et al. (2018). The antimicrobial peptide SAAP-148 combats drug-resistant bacteria and biofilms. Sci Transl Med 10, eaan4044.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"3175_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002","volume":"15","author":"RM Donlan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donlan, R.M., and Costerton, J.W. (2002). Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 15, 167\u2013193.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122108599","volume":"99","author":"MC Enright","year":"2002","unstructured":"Enright, M.C., Robinson, D.A., Randle, G., Feil, E.J., Grundmann, H., and Spratt, B.G. (2002). The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 7687\u20137692.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3175_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1063\/1.470117","volume":"103","author":"U Essmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Essmann, U., Perera, L., Berkowitz, M.L., Darden, T., Lee, H., and Pedersen, L.G. (1995). A smooth particle mesh Ewald method. J Chem Phys 103, 8577\u20138593.","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"3175_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2011.08080.x","volume":"278","author":"F Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng, F., Chen, C., Zhu, W., He, W., Guang, H., Li, Z., Wang, D., Liu, J., Chen, M., Wang, Y., et al. (2011). Gene cloning, expression and characterization of avian cathelicidin orthologs, Cc-CATHs, from Coturnix coturnix. FEBS J 278, 1573\u20131584.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"3175_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.42","volume":"15","author":"RA Fisher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fisher, R.A., Gollan, B., and Helaine, S. (2017). Persistent bacterial infections and persister cells. Nat Rev Microbiol 15, 453\u2013464.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02074-5","volume":"4","author":"A Gaurav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaurav, A., Gupta, V., Shrivastava, S.K., and Pathania, R. (2021). Mechanistic insights into synergy between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. Commun Biol 4, 542.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"3175_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4655(95)00042-E","volume":"91","author":"HJC Berendsen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Berendsen, H.J.C., van der Spoel, D., and van Drunen, R. (1995). GROMACS: a message-passing parallel molecular dynamics implementation. Comput Phys Commun 91, 43\u201356.","journal-title":"Comput Phys Commun"},{"key":"3175_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8020029","volume":"8","author":"EF Haney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haney, E.F., Trimble, M.J., Cheng, J.T., Vall\u00e9, Q., and Hancock, R.E.W. (2018). Critical assessment of methods to quantify biofilm growth and evaluate antibiofilm activity of host defence peptides. Biomolecules 8, 29.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"3175_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317052110","volume":"110","author":"KA Hassan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassan, K.A., Jackson, S.M., Penesyan, A., Patching, S.G., Tetu, S.G., Eijkelkamp, B. A., Brown, M.H., Henderson, P.J.F., and Paulsen, I.T. (2013). Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses identify a family of chlorhexidine efflux proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110, 20254\u201320259.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3175_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105509","volume":"73","author":"Q He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He, Q., Liu, D., Ashokkumar, M., Ye, X., Jin, T.Z., and Guo, M. (2021). Antibacterial mechanism of ultrasound against Escherichia coli: alterations in membrane microstructures and properties. Ultrasons Sonochem 73, 105509.","journal-title":"Ultrasons Sonochem"},{"key":"3175_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2205301","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205301","volume":"10","author":"Q He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He, Q., Yang, Z., Zou, Z., Qian, M., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Yin, Z., Wang, J., Ye, X., Liu, D., et al. (2023). Combating Escherichia coli O157:H7 with functionalized chickpea-derived antimicrobial peptides. Adv Sci 10, e2205301.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244705","volume":"343","author":"S Helaine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Helaine, S., Cheverton, A.M., Watson, K.G., Faure, L.M., Matthews, S.A., and Holden, D.W. (2014). Internalization of Salmonella by macrophages induces formation of nonreplicating persisters. Science 343, 204\u2013208.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3175_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki725","volume":"33","author":"CH Hsu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hsu, C.H., Chen, C., Jou, M.L., Lee, A.Y., Lin, Y.C., Yu, Y.P., Huang, W.T., and Wu, S. H. (2005). Structural and DNA-binding studies on the bovine antimicrobial peptide, indolicidin: evidence for multiple conformations involved in binding to membranes and DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 33, 4053\u20134064.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3175_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.09.005","volume":"26","author":"A Karkman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karkman, A., Do, T.T., Walsh, F., and Virta, M.P.J. (2018). Antibiotic-resistance genes in waste water. Trends Microbiol 26, 220\u2013228.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00184-6","volume":"23","author":"KS Kaye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaye, K.S., Shorr, A.F., Wunderink, R.G., Du, B., Poirier, G.E., Rana, K., Miller, A., Lewis, D., O\u2019Donnell, J., Chen, L., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of sulbactam-durlobactam versus colistin for the treatment of patients with serious infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority clinical trial (ATTACK). Lancet Infect Dis 23, 1072\u20131084.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3175_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15644","volume":"133","author":"HR Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, H.R., and Eom, Y.B. (2022). Auranofin promotes antibacterial effect of doripenem against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Appl Microbiol 133, 1422\u20131433.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525143113","volume":"113","author":"AD Kinana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kinana, A.D., Vargiu, A.V., May, T., and Nikaido, H. (2016). Aminoacyl \u03b2-naphthylamides as substrates and modulators of AcrB multidrug efflux pump. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113, 1405\u20131410.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3175_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2501.181146","volume":"25","author":"M Koeck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koeck, M., Como-Sabetti, K., Boxrud, D., Dobbins, G., Glennen, A., Anacker, M., Jawahir, S., See, I., and Lynfield, R. (2019). Burdens of invasive methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease, Minnesota, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 25, 171\u2013174.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3175_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12520","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212520","volume":"22","author":"M Krishnan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krishnan, M., Choi, J., Jang, A., Yoon, Y.K., and Kim, Y. (2021). Antiseptic 9-meric peptide with potency against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Int J Mol Sci 22, 12520.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky034","volume":"73","author":"Q Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Hassan, K.A., Ashwood, H.E., Gamage, H.K.A.H., Li, L., Mabbutt, B.C., and Paulsen, I.T. (2018). Regulation of the aceI multidrug efflux pump gene in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 73, 1492\u20131500.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3175_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610160104","volume":"104","author":"S Lobedanz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lobedanz, S., Bokma, E., Symmons, M.F., Koronakis, E., Hughes, C., and Koronakis, V. (2007). A periplasmic coiled-coil interface underlying TolC recruitment and the assembly of bacterial drug efflux pumps. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 4612\u20134617.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3175_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8173","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509743112","volume":"112","author":"MA Lobritz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lobritz, M.A., Belenky, P., Porter, C.B.M., Gutierrez, A., Yang, J.H., Schwarz, E.G., Dwyer, D.J., Khalil, A.S., and Collins, J.J. (2015). Antibiotic efficacy is linked to bacterial cellular respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, 8173\u20138180.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3175_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300472","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300472","volume":"10","author":"JT Mhlongo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mhlongo, J.T., Waddad, A.Y., Albericio, F., and de la Torre, B.G. (2023). Antimicrobial peptide synergies for fighting infectious diseases. Adv Sci 10, e2300472.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65, 55\u201363.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"3175_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909585117","volume":"116","author":"J Mwangi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mwangi, J., Yin, Y., Wang, G., Yang, M., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., and Lai, R. (2019). The antimicrobial peptide ZY4 combats multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116, 26516\u201326522.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3175_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2022.100911","volume":"66","author":"V Naidu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naidu, V., Bartczak, A., Brzoska, A.J., Lewis, P., Eijkelkamp, B.A., Paulsen, I.T., Elbourne, L.D.H., and Hassan, K.A. (2023). Evolution of RND efflux pumps in the development of a successful pathogen. Drug Resist Updat 66, 100911.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"3175_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.002","volume":"45","author":"W Ni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ni, W., Shao, X., Di, X., Cui, J., Wang, R., and Liu, Y. (2015). In vitro synergy of polymyxins with other antibiotics for Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 45, 8\u201318.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"3175_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013","volume":"37","author":"Z Pang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pang, Z., Raudonis, R., Glick, B.R., Lin, T.J., and Cheng, Z. (2019). Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol Adv 37, 177\u2013192.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"3175_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116810","volume":"176","author":"A Panjla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Panjla, A., Kaul, G., Shukla, M., Akhir, A., Tripathi, S., Arora, A., Chopra, S., and Verma, S. (2024). Membrane-targeting, ultrashort lipopeptide acts as an antibiotic adjuvant and sensitizes MDR gram-negative pathogens toward narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Biomed Pharmacother 176, 116810.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3175_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)35308-1","volume":"35","author":"MJ Romansky","year":"1951","unstructured":"Romansky, M.J., Fusillo, M.H., Caldvell, E., and Robin, E.D. (1951). The synergistic action and potential applications of antibiotic combinations. Med Clin N Am 35, 535\u2013544.","journal-title":"Med Clin N Am"},{"key":"3175_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.11.3850-3857.1993","volume":"59","author":"G Schaule","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schaule, G., Flemming, H.C., and Ridgway, H.F. (1993). Use of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride for quantifying planktonic and sessile respiring bacteria in drinking water. Appl Environ Microbiol 59, 3850\u20133857.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR59","first-page":"556","volume":"27","author":"JM Shaffer","year":"1948","unstructured":"Shaffer, J.M., and Spink, W.W. (1948). The synergistic action of streptomycin and sulfadiazine in the therapy of experimental brucella infection in the developing chick embryo. J Clin Invest 27, 556.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3175_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110050","volume":"387","author":"P Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen, P., Ding, K., Wang, L., Tian, J., Huang, X., Zhang, M., and Dang, X. (2023). In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptide Jelleine-I against foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 387, 110050.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416260","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202416260","volume":"12","author":"J Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi, J., Chen, C., Kong, P., Yu, F., Lv, Q., Wang, Z., and Liu, Y. (2025). Non-membrane active peptide resensitizes MRSA to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics and inhibits S. aureus virulence. Adv Sci 12, 2416260.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119060","volume":"224","author":"X Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi, X., Xia, Y., Wei, W., and Ni, B.J. (2022). Accelerated spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) induced by non-antibiotic conditions: roles and mechanisms. Water Res 224, 119060.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"3175_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4237","volume":"152","author":"J Solomkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solomkin, J., Evans, D., Slepavicius, A., Lee, P., Marsh, A., Tsai, L., Sutcliffe, J.A., and Horn, P. (2017). Assessing the efficacy and safety of eravacycline vs ertapenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections in the investigating Gram-negative infections treated with eravacycline (IGNITE 1) trial. JAMA Surg 152, 224\u2013232.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"3175_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1029","volume":"69","author":"JS Solomkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Solomkin, J.S., Gardovskis, J., Lawrence, K., Montravers, P., Sway, A., Evans, D., and Tsai, L. (2019). IGNITE4: results of a phase 3, randomized, multicenter, prospective trial of eravacycline vs meropenem in the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections. Clin Infect Dis 69, 921\u2013929.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3175_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0723-z","volume":"5","author":"M Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song, M., Liu, Y., Huang, X., Ding, S., Wang, Y., Shen, J., and Zhu, K. (2020). A broad-spectrum antibiotic adjuvant reverses multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Nat Microbiol 5, 1040\u20131050.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13576","volume":"54","author":"MGC Sousa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sousa, M.G.C., Xavier, P.D., Cantu\u00e1ria, A.P.C., Amorim, I.A., Almeida, J.A., Franco, O. L., and Rezende, T.M.B. (2021). Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory in vitro profile of double antibiotic paste. Int Endod J 54, 1850\u20131860.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"3175_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy752","volume":"68","author":"S Tomczyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomczyk, S., Zanichelli, V., Grayson, M.L., Twyman, A., Abbas, M., Pires, D., Allegranzi, B., and Harbarth, S. (2019). Control of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in healthcare facilities: a systematic review and reanalysis of quasi-experimental studies. Clin Infect Dis 68, 873\u2013884.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3175_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.1c00645","volume":"17","author":"MS Vald\u00e9s-Tresanco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vald\u00e9s-Tresanco, M.S., Vald\u00e9s-Tresanco, M.E., Valiente, P.A., and Moreno, E. (2021). gmx_MMPBSA: a new tool to perform end-state free energy calculations with GROMACS. J Chem Theor Comput 17, 6281\u20136291.","journal-title":"J Chem Theor Comput"},{"key":"3175_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.317-323.2003","volume":"47","author":"MC Walters III","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walters III, M.C., Roe, F., Bugnicourt, A., Franklin, M.J., and Stewart, P.S. (2003). Contributions of antibiotic penetration, oxygen limitation, and low metabolic activity to tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47, 317\u2013323.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3175_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101453","volume":"13","author":"A Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, A., Zhou, M., Chen, Q., Jin, H., Xu, G., Guo, R., Wang, J., and Lai, R. (2023). Functional analyses of three targeted DNA antimicrobial peptides derived from goats. Biomolecules 13, 1453.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"3175_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2017.00087","volume":"4","author":"C Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, C., Greene, D.A., Xiao, L., Qi, R., and Luo, R. (2017a). Recent developments and applications of the MMPBSA method. Front Mol Biosci 4, 87.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"3175_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010171","volume":"22","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, X., Yan, M., Wang, Q., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Li, J., and Zhang, Z. (2017b). In vitro DNA-binding, anti-oxidant and anticancer activity of indole-2-carboxylic acid dinuclear copper(II) complexes. Molecules 22, 171.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3175_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006012","volume":"12","author":"EM Waters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waters, E.M., Rowe, S.E., O\u2019Gara, J.P., and Conlon, B.P. (2016). Convergence of Staphylococcus aureus persister and biofilm research: can biofilms be defined as communities of adherent persister cells? PLoS Pathog 12, e1006012.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3175_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16633","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.642645","volume":"290","author":"L Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wei, L., Gao, J., Zhang, S., Wu, S., Xie, Z., Ling, G., Kuang, Y.Q., Yang, Y., Yu, H., and Wang, Y. (2015). Identification and characterization of the first cathelicidin from sea snakes with potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and special mechanism. J Biol Chem 290, 16633\u201316652.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3175_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5","volume":"14","author":"W Humphrey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Humphrey, W., Dalke, A., and Schulten, K. (1996). VMD: visual molecular dynamics. J Mol Graphics 14, 33\u201338.","journal-title":"J Mol Graphics"},{"key":"3175_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550","volume":"543","author":"C Willyard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willyard, C. (2017). The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats. Nature 543, 15.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3175_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264374","volume":"17","author":"T Wongsuk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wongsuk, T., Boonsilp, S., Homkaew, A., Thananon, K., and Oonanant, W. (2022). Whole genome sequence of pan drug-resistant clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii ST1890. PLoS One 17, e0264374.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3175_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.06.009","volume":"24","author":"GD Wright","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wright, G.D. (2016). Antibiotic adjuvants: rescuing antibiotics from resistance. Trends Microbiol 24, 862\u2013871.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"3175_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100954","volume":"68","author":"J Xuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xuan, J., Feng, W., Wang, J., Wang, R., Zhang, B., Bo, L., Chen, Z.S., Yang, H., and Sun, L. (2023). Antimicrobial peptides for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Drug Resist Updat 68, 100954.","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"3175_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.06.002","volume":"26","author":"J Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan, J., and Bassler, B.L. (2019). Surviving as a community: antibiotic tolerance and persistence in bacterial biofilms. Cell Host Microbe 26, 15\u201321.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"3175_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.03.035","volume":"62","author":"Y Pu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pu, Y., Zhao, Z., Li, Y., Zou, J., Ma, Q., Zhao, Y., Ke, Y., Zhu, Y., Chen, H., Baker, M.A. B., et al. (2016). Enhanced efflux activity facilitates drug tolerance in dormant bacterial cells. Mol Cell 62, 284\u2013294.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3175_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618312","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.618312","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Wei, X., Zhang, R., Koci, M., Si, D., Ahmad, B., Guo, H., and Hou, Y. (2020). C-terminal amination of a cationic anti-inflammatory peptide improves bioavailability and inhibitory activity against LPS-induced inflammation. Front Immunol 11, 618312.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3175_CR83","first-page":"48","volume":"8","author":"QY Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Q.Y., Yan, Z.B., Meng, Y.M., Hong, X.Y., Shao, G., Ma, J.J., Cheng, X.R., Liu, J., Kang, J., and Fu, C.Y. (2021). Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential. Mil Med Res 8, 48.","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"3175_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-023-2625-7","volume":"67","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Xia, N., Hu, Y., Zhu, W., Yang, C., and Su, J. (2024). Bactericidal ability of target acidic phospholipids and phagocytosis of CDC42 GTPase-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement underlie functional conservation of CXCL12 in vertebrates. Sci China Life Sci 67, 2713\u20132729.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"3175_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7313","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S431256","volume":"16","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Wang, W., Cai, L., and Yang, T. (2023). Potentiation and mechanism of berberine as an antibiotic adjuvant against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Infect Drug Resist Volume 16, 7313\u20137326.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist Volume"},{"key":"3175_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21879","volume":"42","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Hao, W., Wang, X., Ouyang, J., Deng, X., Yu, H., and Wang, Y. (2022). Antimicrobial peptides, conventional antibiotics, and their synergistic utility for the treatment of drug-resistant infections. Med Res Rev 42, 1377\u20131422.","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"3175_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01230-13","volume":"57","author":"O Zusman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zusman, O., Avni, T., Leibovici, L., Adler, A., Friberg, L., Stergiopoulou, T., Carmeli, Y., and Paul, M. (2013). Systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro synergy of polymyxins and carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57, 5104\u20135111.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Science China Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11427-025-3175-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11427-025-3175-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11427-025-3175-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:03:32Z","timestamp":1781787812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11427-025-3175-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11427-025-3175-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-7305","1869-1889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-7305","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1889","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and all animal research protocols were conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The animal ethics approval number is KJ-LL-02.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance and ethics"}}]}}