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Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care in Shanghai and were approved by the East China Normal University Center for Animal Research (Notification m20230501). Colorectal cancer (CRC) samples of 45 CRC patients were purchased from Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (No. 1630 East Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai) with informed consent of anonymous healthy donors, and genetically engineered with ethics approval from the Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital Ethics Committee (Notification LY2022-076-A). For PDO culture, a total of 21 CRC patients were purchased from Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital (No. 6600, Nanfeng Road, Nanqiao Xincheng, Fengxian District, Shanghai) with informed consent of anonymous healthy donors, and genetically engineered with ethics approval from the Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital (SL2023-KY-17-01).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance and ethics"}}]}}