{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:30:26Z","timestamp":1778841026417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]],"date-time":"2007-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]],"date-time":"2007-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T16:02:26Z","timestamp":1191945746000},"page":"338-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Morphine-induced Neuroimmunomodulation in Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis: The Role(s) of Cytokines and Nitric Oxide"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Prati Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9094_CR1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Problems of drug dependence 1997, vol. 178","author":"MD Aceto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aceto MD, Bowman ER, Harris LS, May EL (1998) Dependence studies of new compounds in the rhesus monkey, rat and mouse. In: Harris LS (ed) Problems of drug dependence 1997, vol. 178. NIDA Research Monograph, Washington, pp 363\u2013407"},{"key":"9094_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.124.2.141","volume":"124","author":"AC Allison","year":"1966","unstructured":"Allison AC, Harrington JS, Birbeck M (1966) An examination of the cytotoxic effects of silica on macrophages. J Exp Med 124:141\u2013153","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9094_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.298","volume":"10","author":"J Alvar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alvar J, Canavate C, Gutierrez-Solar B, Jimenez M, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Molina R, Moreno J (1997) Leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: the first 10\u00a0years. Clin Microbiol Rev 10:298\u2013319","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9094_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1515","volume":"173","author":"O Bacellar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bacellar O, Brodskyn C, Guerreiro J, Barral-Netto M, Costa CH, Coffman RL, Johnson WD, Carvalho EM (1996) Interleukin-12 restores interferon-\u03b3 production and cytotoxic responses in visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173:1515\u20131518","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.5.719-723.2000","volume":"7","author":"JM Bidlack","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bidlack JM (2000) Detection and function of opioid receptors on cells from the immune system. Clin Diag Lab Immunol 7:719\u2013723","journal-title":"Clin Diag Lab Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00169-0","volume":"28","author":"C Bogdan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bogdan C, Rollinghoff M (1998) The immune response to Leishmania: mechanisms of parasite control and evasion. Int J Parasitol 28:121\u2013134","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"9094_CR7","first-page":"605","volume":"252","author":"CC Chao","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chao CC, Sharp BM, Pomeroy C, Gregory AF, Peterson PK (1990) Lethality of morphine in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 252:605\u2013609","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR8","first-page":"19","volume":"262","author":"CC Chao","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chao CC, Hu S, Molitor TW, Zhou Y, Murtaugh MP, Tsang M, Peterson PK (1992) Morphine potentiates transforming growth factor-\u00df release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 262:19\u201324","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR9","first-page":"198","volume":"269","author":"CC Chao","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chao CC, Gekker G, Sheng WS, Hu S, Tsang M, Peterson PK (1994) Priming effect of morphine on the production of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 by microglia: implications in respiratory burst activity and human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269:198\u2013203","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2709","volume":"216","author":"TK Chuang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chuang TK, Killam KF, Chuang LF, Kung HF, Sheng WS, Chao CC, Yu L, Chuang RY (1995) Mu opiod receptor gene expression in immune cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 216:922\u2013930","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-5428(06)80057-4","volume":"3","author":"RM Donahoe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Donahoe RM (1993) Neuroimmunomodulation by opiates: relationship to HIV-1 infection and AIDS. Adv Neuroimmunol 3:31\u201346","journal-title":"Adv Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9094_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2980-4_4","volume":"335","author":"RM Donahoe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Donahoe RM, Byrd LD, McClure HM, Fultz P, Brantley M, Marsteller F, Ansari AA, Wenzel D, Aceto M (1993) Consequences of opiate dependency in a monkey model of AIDS. Adv Exp Med Biol 335:21\u201328","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9094_CR13","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Drugs of abuse, immunity, and infections","author":"TK Eisenstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eisenstein TK, Hilburger ME, Lawrence DMP (1996) Immunomodulation by morphine and other opioids. In: Friedman H, Klein TW, Specter S (eds) Drugs of abuse, immunity, and infections. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 103\u2013120"},{"key":"9094_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5845","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.12.5845","volume":"152","author":"K Fecho","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fecho K, Maslonek KA, Coussons-Read ME, Dykstra LA, Lysle DT (1994) Macrophage-derived nitric oxide is involved in the depressed concanavalin A responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes from rats administered morphine in vivo. J Immunol 152:5845\u20135852","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR15","first-page":"626","volume":"276","author":"K Fecho","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fecho K, Maslonek KA, Dykstra LA, Lysle DT (1996) Assessment of the involvement of central nervous system and peripheral opioid receptors in the immunomodulatory effects of acute morphine treatment in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 276:626\u2013636","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.6.2383","volume":"150","author":"DS Finbloom","year":"1993","unstructured":"Finbloom DS, Larner AC, Nakagawa Y, Hoovert DL (1993) Culture of human monocyte with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor results in enhancement of IFN-gamma receptors but suppression of IFN-gamma induced expression of the gene IP-10. J Immunol 150:2383\u20132390","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00224759","volume":"69","author":"G Foris","year":"1986","unstructured":"Foris G, Medgyesi GA, Hauck M (1986) Bidirectional effect of met-enkephalin on macrophage effector functions. Mol Cell Biochem 69:127\u2013137","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"9094_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","volume":"16","author":"H Friedman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friedman H, Newton C, Klein TW (2003) Microbial infections, immunomodulation and drugs of abuse. Clin Microbiol Rev 16:209\u2013219","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9094_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2613","volume":"170","author":"KR Gantt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gantt KR, Schultz-Cherry S, Rodriguez N, Jeronimo SMB, Nascimento ET, Goldman TL, Recker TJ, Miller MA, Wilson ME (2003) Activation of TGF-b by Leishmania chagasi: importance for parasite survival in macrophages. J Immunol 170:2613\u20132620","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000136611","volume":"14","author":"WF Geber","year":"1976","unstructured":"Geber WF, Lefkowitz SS, Hung CY (1976) Action of naloxone on the interferon-gamma lowering activity of morphine in the mouse. Pharmacology 14:322\u2013329","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"9094_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4623","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.9.4623","volume":"154","author":"HW Ghalib","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ghalib HW, Whittle JA, Kubin M, Hashim FA, El-Hassan, Grabstein KH, Trinchieri G, Reed SG (1995) IL-12 enhances Th1-type responses in human Leishmania donovani infections. J Immunol 154:4623\u20134629","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR22","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Cytokines: stress and immunity","author":"R Gomez-Flores","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gomez-Flores R, Weber RJ (1999) Opioids, opioid receptors, and the immune system. In: Plotnikoff N, Faith R, Murguo A, Good R (eds) Cytokines: stress and immunity. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 281\u2013314"},{"key":"9094_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/372734b0","volume":"372","author":"DEM Gorgolas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gorgolas DEM, Miles MA (1994) Visceral leishmaniasis and AIDS. Nature 372:33","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9094_CR24","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Methods in nitric oxide research","author":"OW Griffith","year":"1996","unstructured":"Griffith OW, Gross SS (1996) Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases. In: Feelisch M, Stamler JS (eds) Methods in nitric oxide research. Wiley, Chichester, pp 187\u2013208"},{"key":"9094_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13907.x","volume":"110","author":"MJ Griffiths","year":"1993","unstructured":"Griffiths MJ, Messent M, MacAllister RJ, Evans TW (1993) Aminoguanidine selectively inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase. Br J Pharmacol 110:963\u2013968","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.229-243.2001","volume":"14","author":"E Handman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Handman E (2001) Leishmaniasis: current status of vaccine development. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:229\u2013243","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"9094_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.3.1134","volume":"122","author":"E Handman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Handman E, Burgess AW (1979) Stimulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor of Leishmania tropica killing by macrophages. J Immunol 122:1134\u20131137","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR28","first-page":"1336","volume":"267","author":"MC Hernandez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hernandez MC, Flores LR, Bayer BM (1993) Immunosuppression by morphine is mediated by central pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:1336\u20131341","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.002545","volume":"23","author":"JW Holaday","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holaday JW (1983) Cardiovascular effects of endogenous opiate systems. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 23:541\u2013594","journal-title":"Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"9094_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(50)90021-0","volume":"9","author":"HH Hussey","year":"1950","unstructured":"Hussey HH, Katz S (1950) Infections resulting from narcotic addiction. Am J Med 9:186\u2013193","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"9094_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.02.009","volume":"91","author":"A Kaur","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaur A, Kinhikar AG, Singh PP (2004) Bioimmunotherapy of rodent malaria: co-treatment with recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and an enkephalin fragment peptide Try\u2013Gly\u2013Gly. Acta Trop 91:29\u201341","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"9094_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.137","volume":"16","author":"JJ Letterio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Letterio JJ, Roberts AB (1998) Regulation of immune responses by TGF-\u03b2. Ann Rev Immunol 16:137\u2013161","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01973596","volume":"13","author":"E Liehl","year":"1994","unstructured":"Liehl E, Hildebrandt J, Lam C, Mayer P (1994) Prediction of the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in animals and man from in vitro results. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13:S9\u2013S17","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.12.4306","volume":"145","author":"FY Liew","year":"1990","unstructured":"Liew FY, Li Y, Millott S (1990a) Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synergizes with IFN-\u03b3 in mediating killing of Leishmania major through the induction of nitric oxide. J Immunol 145:4306\u20134310","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4794","volume":"144","author":"FY Liew","year":"1990","unstructured":"Liew FY, Millott S, Parkinson C, Palmer RMJ, Monacada S (1990b) Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine. J Immunol 144:4794\u20134797","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR36","first-page":"1071","volume":"265","author":"DT Lysle","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lysle DT, Coussons ME, Watts VJ, Bennett EH, Dykstra LA (1993) Morphine-induced alterations of immune status: dose dependency, compartment specificity and antagonism by naltrexone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265:1071\u20131078","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1086\/315403","volume":"181","author":"AS MacFarlane","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacFarlane AS, Peng X, Meissler JJ, Rogers TJ, Geller EB, Adler MW, Eisenstein TK (2000) Morphine increases susceptibility to oral Salmonella typhimurium infection. J Infect Dis 181:1350\u20131358","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00002-3","volume":"273","author":"MH Makman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Makman MH, Dvorkin B, Stefano GB (1995) Murine macrophage cell lines contain m3-opiate receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 273:5\u20136","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00181-2","volume":"62","author":"L McCarthy","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCarthy L, Wetzel M, Sliker JK, Eisenstein TK, Rogers TJ (2001) Opioids, opioid receptors, and the immune response. Drug Alcohol Depend 62:111\u2013123","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"9094_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00217-8","volume":"83","author":"RD Mellon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mellon RD, Bayer BM (1998) Evidence for central opioid receptors in the immunomodulatory effects of morphine: review of potential mechanism(s) of action. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 83:19\u201328","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.8.2185-2197.2001","volume":"45","author":"HW Murray","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murray HW (2001) Clinical and experimental advances in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:2185\u20132197","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"9094_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.288-293.2000","volume":"68","author":"HW Murray","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murray HW, Delph\u2013Etienne S (2000) Roles of endogenous gamma interferon and macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in host response to chemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 68:288\u2013293","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"9094_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.4.741","volume":"189","author":"HW Murray","year":"1999","unstructured":"Murray HW, Nathan CE (1999) Macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in vivo: reactive nitrogen versus oxygen intermediates in the killing of intracellular visceral Leishmania donovani. J Exp Med 189:741\u2013746","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9094_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111107","volume":"72","author":"HW Murray","year":"1983","unstructured":"Murray HW, Rubin BY, Rothermel CD (1983) Killing of Leishmania donovani by lymphokine-stimulated human mononuclear phagocytes: evidence that interferon-\u03b3 is the activating lymphokine. J Clin Invest 72:1506\u20131510","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9094_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117767","volume":"95","author":"HW Murray","year":"1995","unstructured":"Murray HW, Cervia J, Hariprasad J, Taylor A, Stoeckle M, Hockman H (1995) Effect of GM-CSF on experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Invest 95:1183\u20131192","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9094_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8841","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.8841","volume":"97","author":"C Nathan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nathan C, Shiloh MU (2000) Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between hosts and microbial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:8841\u20138848","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9094_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4995","volume":"98","author":"CJ Nelson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nelson CJ, Lysle DT (2001) Morphine modulation of the contact hypersensitivity response: characterization of immunological changes. Clin Immunol 98:370\u2013377","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4783","volume":"93","author":"CJ Nelson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nelson CJ, How T, Lysle DT (1999) Enhancement of the contact hypersensitivity reaction by acute morphine administration at the elicitation phase. Clin Immunol 93:176\u2013183","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR49","first-page":"1112","volume":"269","author":"R Pacifici","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pacifici R, Patrini G, Venier I, Parolaro D, Zuccaro P, Gori E (1994) Effect of morphine and methadone acute treatment on immunological activity in mice: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269:1112\u20131116","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(95)00046-5","volume":"17","author":"R Pacifici","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pacifici R, Minetti M, Zuccaro P, Pietraforte D (1995) Morphine affects cytostatic activity of macrophages by the modulation of nitric oxide release. Int J Immunopharmacol 17:771\u2013777","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(00)00023-0","volume":"22","author":"R Pacifici","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pacifici R, diCarlo S, Bacosi A, Pichini S, Zuccaro P (2000) Pharmacokinetics and cytokine production in heroin and morphine-treated mice. Int J Immunopharmacol 22:603\u2013614","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.2.896","volume":"165","author":"AY Park","year":"2000","unstructured":"Park AY, Hondowicz BD, Scott P (2000) IL-12 is required to maintain a Th1 response during Leishmania major infection. J Immunol 165:896\u2013902","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.68.5.723","volume":"68","author":"X Peng","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peng X, Mosser DM, Adler MW, Rogers TJ, Meissler JJ, Eisenstein TK (2000) Morphine enhances interleukin-12 and the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Leuk Biol 68:723\u2013728","journal-title":"J Leuk Biol"},{"key":"9094_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113140","volume":"80","author":"PK Peterson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Peterson PK, Sharp B, Gekker G, Brummitt C, Keane WF (1987) Opioid-mediated suppression of interferon-\u03b3 production by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Invest 80:824\u2013831","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9094_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00128-X","volume":"1","author":"RT Rahim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rahim RT, Meissler JJ, Cowan A, Rogers TJ, Geller EB, Gaughan J, Adler MW, Eisenstein TK (2001) Administration of mu-, kappa- or delta2-receptor agonist via osmotic minipumps suppresses murine splenic antibody responses. Int Immunopharmacol 1:2001\u20132009","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.129-136.2001","volume":"69","author":"J Riopel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riopel J, Tam M, Mohan K, Marino MW, Stevenson MM (2001) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice have impaired resistance to blood-stage malaria. Infect Immun 69:129\u2013136","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"9094_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1281","volume":"167","author":"JM Risdahl","year":"1993","unstructured":"Risdahl JM, Peterson PK, Chao CC, Pijoan C, Molitor TW (1993) Effects of morphine dependence on the pathogenesis of swine herpesvirus infection. J Infect Dis 167:1281\u20131287","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00216-6","volume":"83","author":"JM Risdahl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Risdahl JM, Khanna KV, Peterson PK, Molitor TW (1998) Opiates and infection. J Neuroimmunol 83:4\u201318","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9094_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.3.1233-1236.1998","volume":"66","author":"V Rodrigues","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rodrigues V, DaSilva JS, Campos-Neto A (1998) Transforming growth factor \u03b2 and immunosuppression in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 66:1233\u20131236","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"9094_CR60","first-page":"1069","volume":"179","author":"B Rouveix","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rouveix B, Veyries ML (1995) Effects of morphine on murine infection with Friend retrovirus (in French). Bull Acad Natl Med 179:1069\u20131080","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl Med"},{"key":"9094_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8415","volume":"245","author":"S Roy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roy S, Cain KJ, Chapin RB, Charboneau R, Barke RA (1998a) Morphine modulates NFkB activation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245:392\u2013396","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9094_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00212-5","volume":"61","author":"S Roy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roy S, Barke RA, Loh HH (1998b) Mu-receptor knockout mice: the role of mu-opioid receptor in immune functions. Mol Brain Res 61(1\u20132):190\u2013194","journal-title":"Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"9094_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47611-8_14","volume":"493","author":"S Roy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roy S, Charboneau R, Barke RA, Loh HH (2001) Role of mu-opioid receptor in immune function. Adv Exp Med Biol 493:117\u2013126","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9094_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-005-9009-8","volume":"1","author":"S Roy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roy S, Wang J, Kelschenbach J, Koodie L, Martin J (2006) Modulation of immune functions by morphine: implications for susceptibility to infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 1:77\u201389","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR65","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"P Singal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singal P, Singh PP (2003) Cellular and cytokine responses in leishmaniasis. J Parasitic Dis 27:1\u201312","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR66","first-page":"29","volume":"29","author":"P Singal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singal P, Singh PP (2004) Morphine-induced nitric oxide-dependent neuroimmunomodulation in established systemic Leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. J Parasitic Dis 29:29\u201340","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.10.005","volume":"7","author":"P Singal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Singal P, Singh PP (2005) Leishmania donovani amastigote component-induced colony-stimulating factor production by macrophages: modulation by morphine. Microbes Infect 7:148\u2013156","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"9094_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000069970","volume":"10","author":"P Singal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singal P, Kinhikar AG, Singh S, Singh PP (2003) Neuroimmunomodulatory effects of morphine in Leishmania donovani-infected hamsters. Neuroimmunomodulation 10:261\u2013269","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"9094_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00701-3","volume":"67","author":"S Singh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh PP (2000) Morphine modulation of plasmodial-antigens-induced colony-stimulating factors production by macrophages. Life Sci 67:1035\u20131045","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9094_CR70","first-page":"528","volume":"12","author":"PP Singh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Singh PP, Singh S (2001) Protection of mice from malaria after co-administration of recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and methionine-enkephalin. Eur Cytokine Netw 12:528\u2013536","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"9094_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00789-6","volume":"54","author":"PP Singh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Singh PP, Singh S, Dutta GP, Srimal RC (1994) Immunomodulation by morphine in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Life Sci 54:331\u2013339","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9094_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6322304","volume":"224","author":"SH Snyder","year":"1984","unstructured":"Snyder SH (1984) Drug and neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. Science 224:22\u201331","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9094_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(94)90046-9","volume":"16","author":"S Specter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Specter S, Plotnikoff N, Bradely WN, Goodfellow D (1994) Methionine enkephalin combined with AZT therapy reduces murine retrovirus-induced disease. Int J Immunopharmacol 16:911\u2013917","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00223-3","volume":"83","author":"GB Stefano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stefano GB (1998) Autoimmunovascular regulation morphine anandamide and ancondamide stimulated nitric oxide release. J Neuroimmunol 83:70\u201376","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9094_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(98)00052-6","volume":"20","author":"J-L Tang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tang J-L, Lipkowski AW, Specter S (1998) Inhibitory effect of biphalin and AZT on murine Friend leukemia virus infection in vitro. Int J Immunopharmacol 20:457\u2013466","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9094_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(96)10021-1","volume":"12","author":"M Tremblay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tremblay M, Olivier M, Bernier R (1996) Leishmania and the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Parasitol Today 12:257\u2013261","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"9094_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/334260a0","volume":"334","author":"S Tsunawki","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tsunawki S, Sporn M, Ding A, Nathan CF (1988) Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-\u03b2. Nature 334:260\u2013262","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9094_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.4.656","volume":"148","author":"E Tubaro","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tubaro E, Borelli G, Croce C, Cavallo G, Santiangelli C (1983) Effect of morphine on resistance to infection. J Infect Dis 148:656\u2013666","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9094_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.2.768","volume":"153","author":"MCT Tumang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tumang MCT, Keogh C, Moldawer LL, Helfgott DC, Teitelbaum R, Hariprashad J, Murray HW (1994) Role and effect of TNF-\u03b1 in experimental visceral infection. J Immunol 153:768\u2013777","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000132250.95650.85","volume":"11","author":"J Vallejo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vallejo J, de Leon-Casasola O, Benyamin R (2004) Opioid therapy and immunosuppression: a review. Am J Ther 11:354\u2013365","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR81","first-page":"498","volume":"272","author":"ML Veyries","year":"1995","unstructured":"Veyries ML, Sinet M, Desforges B, Rouveix B (1995) Effects of morphine on the pathogenesis of murine Friend retrovirus infection. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 272:498\u2013504","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9094_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.5.1436","volume":"166","author":"WH Weiser","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weiser WH, Niel AV, Clark SC, David JR, Remold HG (1987) Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates intracellular killing of Leishmania donovani by human monocyte-derived macrophages. J Exp Med 166:1436\u20131446","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9094_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.5.2325","volume":"161","author":"WR Weiss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weiss WR, Ishii KJ, Hedstrom RC, Sedegah M, Ichino M, Barnhart K, Klinman DM, Hoffman SL (1998) A plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases protection conferred by a malaria DNA vaccine. J Immunol 161:2325\u20132332","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9094_CR84","unstructured":"WHO (2000) The Leishmaniasis and Leishmania\/HIV co-infections. Fact Sheet No. 116. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"9094_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90434-6","volume":"41","author":"MD Yahya","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yahya MD, Watson R (1987) Immunomodulation by morphine and marijuana. Life Sci 41:2503\u20132510","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9094_CR86","first-page":"126","volume":"237","author":"BC Yoburn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yoburn BC, Cohen AH, Inturrisi CE (1986) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous naltrexone pellets in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 237:126\u2013130","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T10:53:36Z","timestamp":1684061616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-007-9094-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-1890","1557-1904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-1890","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 January 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}