{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:57:42Z","timestamp":1779148662726,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9301-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T06:09:49Z","timestamp":1312870189000},"page":"516-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Cannabinoid Neuroimmune Modulation of SIV Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Patricia E.","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Amedee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"LeCapitaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jovanny","family":"Zabaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Winsauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Vande Stouwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9301_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00008","volume":"139","author":"DI Abrams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abrams DI, Hilton JF, Leiser RJ, Shade SB, Elbeik TA, Aweeka FT, Benowitz NL, Bredt BM, Kosel B, Aberg JA, Deeks SG, Mitchell TF, Mulligan K, Bacchetti P, McCune JM, Schambelan M (2003) Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 139:258\u2013266","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9301_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00087-2","volume":"58","author":"A Ameri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ameri A (1999) The effects of cannabinoids on the brain. Prog Neurobiol 58:315\u2013348","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"9301_CR3","first-page":"332","volume":"37","author":"LO Arthur","year":"1986","unstructured":"Arthur LO, Gilden RV, Marx PA, Gardner MB (1986) Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Prog Allergy 37:332\u2013352","journal-title":"Prog Allergy"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"9301_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.11.2043","volume":"121","author":"JE Bell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bell JE, Brettle RP, Chiswick A, Simmonds P (1998) HIV encephalitis, proviral load and dementia in drug users and homosexuals with AIDS. Effect of neocortical involvement. Brain 121(Pt 11):2043\u20132052","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9301_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.8.721","volume":"58","author":"EG Bing","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bing EG, Burnam MA, Longshore D, Fleishman JA, Sherbourne CD, London AS, Turner BJ, Eggan F, Beckman R, Vitiello B, Morton SC, Orlando M, Bozzette SA, Ortiz-Barron L, Shapiro M (2001) Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatr 58:721\u2013728","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"9301_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0704p.x","volume":"237","author":"M Bouaboula","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bouaboula M, Poinot-Chazel C, Marchand J, Canat X, Bourrie B, Rinaldi-Carmona M, Calandra B, Le Fur G, Casellas P (1996) Signaling pathway associated with stimulation of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptor. Involvement of both mitogen-activated protein kinase and induction of Krox-24 expression. Eur J Biochem 237:704\u2013711","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"9301_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06007.x","volume":"42","author":"BM Bredt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bredt BM, Higuera-Alhino D, Shade SB, Hebert SJ, McCune JM, Abrams DI (2002) Short-term effects of cannabinoids on immune phenotype and function in HIV-1-infected patients. J Clin Pharmacol 42:82S\u201389S","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.07.055","volume":"573","author":"R Breitling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Breitling R, Armengaud P, Amtmann A, Herzyk P (2004) Rank products: a simple, yet powerful, new method to detect differentially regulated genes in replicated microarray experiments. FEBS Lett 573:83\u201392","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9301_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06008.x","volume":"42","author":"TT Brown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brown TT, Dobs AS (2002) Endocrine effects of marijuana. J Clin Pharmacol 42:90S\u201396S","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2174\/187153008785700118","volume":"8","author":"GA Cabral","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cabral GA, Griffin-Thomas L (2008) Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents for ablating neuroinflammatory disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 8:159\u2013172","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"9301_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90376-D","volume":"40","author":"GA Cabral","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cabral GA, Stinnett AL, Bailey J, Ali SF, Paule MG, Scallet AC, Slikker W Jr (1991) Chronic marijuana smoke alters alveolar macrophage morphology and protein expression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 40:643\u2013649","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"9301_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.010","volume":"94","author":"C Chao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chao C, Jacobson LP, Tashkin D, Martinez-Maza O, Roth MD, Margolick JB, Chmiel JS, Rinaldo C, Zhang ZF, Detels R (2008) Recreational drug use and T lymphocyte subpopulations in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men. Drug Alcohol Depend 94:165\u2013171","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"9301_CR13","first-page":"168","volume":"7","author":"NC Connolly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Connolly NC, Riddler SA, Rinaldo CR (2005) Proinflammatory cytokines in HIV disease-a review and rationale for new therapeutic approaches. AIDS Rev 7:168\u2013180","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"9301_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600500","volume":"24","author":"M Covic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Covic M, Hassa PO, Saccani S, Buerki C, Meier NI, Lombardi C, Imhof R, Bedford MT, Natoli G, Hottiger MO (2005) Arginine methyltransferase CARM1 is a promoter-specific regulator of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. EMBO J 24:85\u201396","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"9301_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(75)90438-5","volume":"17","author":"CB Daul","year":"1975","unstructured":"Daul CB, Heath RG (1975) The effect of chronic marihuana usage on the immunological status of rheusus monkeys. Life Sci 17:875\u2013881","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9301_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162054368057","volume":"3","author":"AZ Decrion","year":"2005","unstructured":"Decrion AZ, Dichamp I, Varin A, Herbein G (2005) HIV and inflammation. Curr HIV Res 3:243\u2013259","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"9301_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06864-4","volume":"38","author":"WL Dewey","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dewey WL (1986) Cannabinoid pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 38:151\u2013178","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"9301_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(96)00022-1","volume":"6","author":"MJ Franco Di","year":"1996","unstructured":"Di Franco MJ, Sheppard HW, Hunter DJ, Tosteson TD, Ascher MS (1996) The lack of association of marijuana and other recreational drugs with progression to AIDS in the San Francisco Men\u2019s Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 6:283\u2013289","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"9301_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181967354","volume":"50","author":"RM Donahoe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donahoe RM, O\u2019neil SP, Marsteller FA, Novembre FJ, Anderson DC, Lankford-Turner P, McClure HH (2009) Probable deceleration of progression of Simian AIDS affected by opiate dependency: studies with a rhesus macaque\/SIVsmm9 model. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 50:241\u2013249","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"9301_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-2-29","volume":"2","author":"J Ehrhart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehrhart J, Obregon D, Mori T, Hou H, Sun N, Bai Y, Klein T, Fernandez F, Tan J, Shytle RD (2005) Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) suppresses microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2:29","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"9301_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.7.565","volume":"25","author":"MA ElSohly","year":"2001","unstructured":"ElSohly MA, deWit H, Wachtel SR, Feng S, Murphy TP (2001) Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin as a marker for the ingestion of marijuana versus Marinol: results of a clinical study. J Anal Toxicol 25:565\u2013571","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"9301_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(03)00163-2","volume":"3","author":"BL Faubert Kaplan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faubert Kaplan BL, Kaminski NE (2003) Cannabinoids inhibit the activation of ERK MAPK in PMA\/Io-stimulated mouse splenocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 3:1503\u20131510","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.38.1.179","volume":"38","author":"CC Felder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felder CC, Glass M (1998) Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 38:179\u2013200","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"9301_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00891-5","volume":"393","author":"CC Felder","year":"1996","unstructured":"Felder CC, Nielsen A, Briley EM, Palkovits M, Priller J, Axelrod J, Nguyen DN, Richardson JM, Riggin RM, Koppel GA, Paul SM, Becker GW (1996) Isolation and measurement of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist, anandamide, in brain and peripheral tissues of human and rat. FEBS Lett 393:231\u2013235","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9301_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)39607-2","volume":"267","author":"K Fischer-Stenger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fischer-Stenger K, Dove Pettit DA, Cabral GA (1993) Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: suppression of post-translational events. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:1558\u20131565","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9301_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1951-5_15","volume":"373","author":"H Friedman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Friedman H, Klein TW, Newton C, Daaka Y (1995) Marijuana, receptors and immunomodulation. Adv Exp Med Biol 373:103\u2013113","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9301_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","volume":"16","author":"H Friedman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friedman H, Newton C, Klein TW (2003) Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse. Clin Microbiol Rev 16:209\u2013219","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"9301_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2003.10400510","volume":"35","author":"FH Galvan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galvan FH, Burnam MA, Bing EG (2003) Co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and drug dependence or heavy drinking among HIV-positive people. J Psychoactive Drugs 35(Suppl 1):153\u2013160","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"9301_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198800001-00002","volume":"2","author":"MB Gardner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gardner MB, Luciw PA (1988) Simian immunodeficiency viruses and their relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS 2(Suppl 1):S3\u201310","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"9301_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-52","volume":"3","author":"F Groot","year":"2006","unstructured":"Groot F, van Capel TM, Schuitemaker J, Berkhout B, de Jong EC (2006) Differential susceptibility of naive, central memory and effector memory T cells to dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission. Retrovirology 3:52","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"9301_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8529","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00183-08","volume":"82","author":"PP Gumbi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gumbi PP, Nkwanyana NN, Bere A, Burgers WA, Gray CM, Williamson AL, Hoffman M, Coetzee D, Denny L, Passmore JA (2008) Impact of mucosal inflammation on cervical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the female genital tract during chronic HIV infection. J Virol 82:8529\u20138536","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"9301_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06862-0","volume":"38","author":"LE Hollister","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hollister LE (1986) Health aspects of cannabis. Pharmacol Rev 38:1\u201320","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"9301_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.35.040195.003135","volume":"35","author":"AC Howlett","year":"1995","unstructured":"Howlett AC (1995) Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 35:607\u2013634","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"9301_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1991.tb00512.x","volume":"20","author":"B Hurtrel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hurtrel B, Chakrabarti L, Hurtrel M, Maire MA, Dormont D, Montagnier L (1991) Early SIV encephalopathy. J Med Primatol 20:159\u2013166","journal-title":"J Med Primatol"},{"key":"9301_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-36","volume":"3","author":"AK Kfutwah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kfutwah AK, Mary JY, Nicola MA, Blaise-Boisseau S, Barre-Sinoussi F, Ayouba A, Menu E (2006) Tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulates HIV-1 replication in single-cycle infection of human term placental villi fragments in a time, viral dose and envelope dependent manner. Retrovirology 3:36","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"9301_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.007","volume":"147","author":"JH Khalsa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khalsa JH, Royal W (2004) Do drugs of abuse impact on HIV disease? J Neuroimmunol 147:6\u20138","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9301_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39072","volume":"35","author":"T Kino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kino T, Mirani M, Alesci S, Chrousos GP (2003) AIDS-related lipodystrophy\/insulin resistance syndrome. Horm Metab Res 35:129\u2013136","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"9301_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.2000.22501.x","volume":"225","author":"TW Klein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Klein TW, Lane B, Newton CA, Friedman H (2000) The cannabinoid system and cytokine network. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 225:1\u20138","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"9301_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0303101","volume":"74","author":"TW Klein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein TW, Newton C, Larsen K, Lu L, Perkins I, Nong L, Friedman H (2003) The cannabinoid system and immune modulation. J Leukoc Biol 74:486\u2013496","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"9301_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01295730","volume":"38","author":"DP Kotler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kotler DP, Reka S, Clayton F (1993) Intestinal mucosal inflammation associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Dig Dis Sci 38:1119\u20131127","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9301_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11425","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.20.11425-11428.2004","volume":"78","author":"R Kumar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kumar R, Torres C, Yamamura Y, Rodriguez I, Martinez M, Staprans S, Donahoe RM, Kraiselburd E, Stephens EB, Kumar A (2004) Modulation by morphine of viral set point in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian-human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 78:11425\u201311428","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"9301_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeCapitaine NJ, Zhang P, Winsauer P, Walker E, Vande Stouwe C, Porretta C, Molina PE (2011) Chronic Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Administration Increases Lymphocyte CXCR4 Expression in Rhesus Macaques. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9277-4"},{"key":"9301_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1308","volume":"285","author":"LM Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee LM, Karon JM, Selik R, Neal JJ, Fleming PL (2001) Survival after AIDS diagnosis in adolescents and adults during the treatment era, United States, 1984\u20131997. JAMA 285:1308\u20131315","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9301_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03513","volume":"434","author":"Q Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li Q, Duan L, Estes JD, Ma ZM, Rourke T, Wang Y, Reilly C, Carlis J, Miller CJ, Haase AT (2005) Peak SIV replication in resting memory CD4+ T cells depletes gut lamina propria CD4+ T cells. Nature 434:1148\u20131152","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9301_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6406","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6406","volume":"181","author":"TS Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu TS, Avraham HK, Seng S, Tachado SD, Koziel H, Makriyannis A, Avraham S (2008) Cannabinoids inhibit HIV-1 Gp120-mediated insults in brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Immunol 181:6406\u20136416","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9301_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4994","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803560","volume":"182","author":"TX Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu TX, Munitz A, Rothenberg ME (2009) MicroRNA-21 is up-regulated in allergic airway inflammation and regulates IL-12p35 expression. J Immunol 182:4994\u20135002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9301_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-106","volume":"6","author":"A Mannioui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mannioui A, Bourry O, Sellier P, Delache B, Brochard P, Andrieu T, Vaslin B, Karlsson I, Roques P, Le Grand R (2009) Dynamics of viral replication in blood and lymphoid tissues during SIVmac251 infection of macaques. Retrovirology 6:106","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"9301_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000131846.12453.29","volume":"37","author":"I McGowan","year":"2004","unstructured":"McGowan I, Elliott J, Fuerst M, Taing P, Boscardin J, Poles M, Anton P (2004) Increased HIV-1 mucosal replication is associated with generalized mucosal cytokine activation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1228\u20131236","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"9301_CR49","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2004) Overview of Findings from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-24 DHHS Publication No. SMA 04\u20133963"},{"key":"9301_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1352911","volume":"257","author":"L Meyaard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Meyaard L, Otto SA, Jonker RR, Mijnster MJ, Keet RP, Miedema F (1992) Programmed death of T cells in HIV-1 infection. Science 257:217\u2013219","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9301_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5354.1223","volume":"279","author":"H Mohri","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mohri H, Bonhoeffer S, Monard S, Perelson AS, Ho DD (1998) Rapid turnover of T lymphocytes in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Science 279:1223\u20131227","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9301_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000167112.18871.5c","volume":"24","author":"PE Molina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Molina PE (2005) Neurobiology of the stress response: contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to the neuroimmune axis in traumatic injury. Shock 24:3\u201310","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"9301_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01569.x","volume":"259","author":"PE Molina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Molina PE (2006) Opioids and opiates: analgesia with cardiovascular, haemodynamic and immune implications in critical illness. J Intern Med 259:138\u2013154","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9301_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0218","volume":"27","author":"PE Molina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molina PE, Winsauer P, Zhang P, Walker E, Birke L, Amedee A, Stouwe CV, Troxclair D, McGoey R, Varner K, Byerley L, Lamotte L (2010) Cannabinoid Administration Attenuates the Progression of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 27(6):585\u2013592","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"9301_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-8-240","volume":"8","author":"SA Moschos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moschos SA, Williams AE, Perry MM, Birrell MA, Belvisi MG, Lindsay MA (2007) Expression profiling in vivo demonstrates rapid changes in lung microRNA levels following lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation but not in the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. BMC Genomics 8:240","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"9301_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/365061a0","volume":"365","author":"S Munro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu-Shaar M (1993) Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature 365:61\u201365","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9301_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/383357a0","volume":"383","author":"R Murphy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Murphy R, Wente SR (1996) An RNA-export mediator with an essential nuclear export signal. Nature 383:357\u2013360","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9301_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.183.4123.419","volume":"183","author":"GG Nahas","year":"1974","unstructured":"Nahas GG, Suciu-Foca N, Armand JP, Morishima A (1974) Inhibition of cellular mediated immunity in marihuana smokers. Science 183:419\u2013420","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9301_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.038","volume":"147","author":"MP Nair","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nair MP, Mahajan S, Hewitt R, Whitney ZR, Schwartz SA (2004) Association of drug abuse with inhibition of HIV-1 immune responses: studies with long-term of HIV-1 non-progressors. J Neuroimmunol 147:21\u201325","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9301_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.9.4015-4020.1994","volume":"62","author":"CA Newton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Newton CA, Klein TW, Friedman H (1994) Secondary immunity to Legionella pneumophila and Th1 activity are suppressed by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol injection. Infect Immun 62:4015\u20134020","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"9301_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5347-2_25","volume":"437","author":"SN Noe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Noe SN, Nyland SB, Ugen K, Friedman H, Klein TW (1998) Cannabinoid receptor agonists enhance syncytia formation in MT-2 cells infected with cell free HIV-1MN. Adv Exp Med Biol 437:223\u2013229","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"9301_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3035","volume":"179","author":"IV Pandrea","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pandrea IV, Gautam R, Ribeiro RM, Brenchley JM, Butler IF, Pattison M, Rasmussen T, Marx PA, Silvestri G, Lackner AA, Perelson AS, Douek DC, Veazey RS, Apetrei C (2007) Acute loss of intestinal CD4+ T cells is not predictive of simian immunodeficiency virus virulence. J Immunol 179:3035\u20133046","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9301_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6005","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707964200","volume":"283","author":"A Paradisi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paradisi A, Pasquariello N, Barcaroli D, Maccarrone M (2008) Anandamide regulates keratinocyte differentiation by inducing DNA methylation in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 283:6005\u20136012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9301_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(97)82001-3","volume":"74","author":"RG Pertwee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pertwee RG (1997) Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Pharmacol Ther 74:129\u2013180","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"9301_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13989.x","volume":"110","author":"RG Pertwee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Griffin G (1993) Cross-tolerance between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the cannabimimetic agents, CP 55,940, WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide. Br J Pharmacol 110:1483\u20131490","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.026","volume":"147","author":"PK Peterson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peterson PK, Gekker G, Hu S, Cabral G, Lokensgard JR (2004) Cannabinoids and morphine differentially affect HIV-1 expression in CD4(+) lymphocyte and microglial cell cultures. J Neuroimmunol 147:123\u2013126","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9301_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200401010-00005","volume":"35","author":"D Prentiss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prentiss D, Power R, Balmas G, Tzuang G, Israelski DM (2004) Patterns of marijuana use among patients with HIV\/AIDS followed in a public health care setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35:38\u201345","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"9301_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(90)90118-7","volume":"12","author":"SH Pross","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pross SH, Klein TW, Newton CA, Smith J, Widen R, Friedman H (1990) Differential suppression of T-cell subpopulations by thc (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Int J Immunopharmacol 12:539\u2013544","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.163055","volume":"333","author":"ES Raborn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raborn ES, Cabral GA (2010) Cannabinoid inhibition of macrophage migration to the trans-activating (Tat) protein of HIV-1 is linked to the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 333:319\u2013327","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"9301_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3061873","volume":"3","author":"CS Reiss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reiss CS (2010) Cannabinoids and Viral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 3:1873\u20131886","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"9301_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9040-4","volume":"2","author":"RB Rock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rock RB, Gekker G, Hu S, Sheng WS, Cabral GA, Martin BR, Peterson PK (2007) WIN55,212-2-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 expression in microglial cells: involvement of cannabinoid receptors. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2:178\u2013183","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1994.tb00865.x","volume":"140","author":"S Romagnani","year":"1994","unstructured":"Romagnani S, Del Prete G, Manetti R, Ravina A, Annunziato F, De Carli M, Mazzetti M, Piccinni MP, D\u2019Elios MM, Parronchi P (1994) Role of TH1\/TH2 cytokines in HIV infection. Immunol Rev 140:73\u201392","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"9301_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.014","volume":"77","author":"MD Roth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roth MD, Tashkin DP, Whittaker KM, Choi R, Baldwin GC (2005) Tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses immune function and enhances HIV replication in the huPBL-SCID mouse. Life Sci 77:1711\u20131722","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9301_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200612135","volume":"178","author":"N Sabri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sabri N, Roth P, Xylourgidis N, Sadeghifar F, Adler J, Samakovlis C (2007) Distinct functions of the Drosophila Nup153 and Nup214 FG domains in nuclear protein transport. J Cell Biol 178:557\u2013565","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"9301_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01449-07","volume":"82","author":"S Sankaran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sankaran S, George MD, Reay E, Guadalupe M, Flamm J, Prindiville T, Dandekar S (2008) Rapid onset of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection is driven by an imbalance between immune response and mucosal repair and regeneration. J Virol 82:538\u2013545","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"9301_CR76","first-page":"A228","volume":"132","author":"X Thuru","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thuru X, Chamaillard M, Karsak M, Gantier E, Erdual E, Dubuquoy C, Phillipe D, Rousseaux C, Wang YC, Dubus P, Stalewski J, Menzaghi F, Schteingart C, Zimmer A, Riviere P, Desreumaus P (2007) Cannabinoid receptor 2 is required for homeostatic control of intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology 132:A228","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9301_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4016","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02164-07","volume":"82","author":"D Verhoeven","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verhoeven D, Sankaran S, Silvey M, Dandekar S (2008) Antiviral therapy during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection fails to prevent acute loss of CD4+ T cells in gut mucosa but enhances their rapid restoration through central memory T cells. J Virol 82:4016\u20134027","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"9301_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.6.547","volume":"57","author":"SJ Watson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Watson SJ, Benson JA Jr, Joy JE (2000) Marijuana and medicine: assessing the science base: a summary of the 1999 Institute of Medicine report. Arch Gen Psychiatr 57:547\u2013552","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"9301_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023000","volume":"19","author":"PJ Winsauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Winsauer PJ, Molina PE, Amedee AM, Filipeanu CM, McGoey RR, Troxclair DA, Walker EM, Birke LL, Stouwe CV, Howard JM, Leonard ST, Moerschbaecher JM, Lewis PB (2011) Tolerance to chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-THC) in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 19:154\u2013172","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"9301_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1020","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001020","volume":"2","author":"H Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu H, Neilson JR, Kumar P, Manocha M, Shankar P, Sharp PA, Manjunath N (2007) miRNA profiling of naive, effector and memory CD8 T cells. PLoS One 2:e1020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9301_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.068","volume":"135","author":"F Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu F, Zikusoka M, Trindade A, Dassopoulos T, Harris ML, Bayless TM, Brant SR, Chakravarti S, Kwon JH (2008) MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in ulcerative colitis and alter expression of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 alpha. Gastroenterology 135:1624\u20131635.e24","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9301_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00370-3","volume":"133","author":"M Yuan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yuan M, Kiertscher SM, Cheng Q, Zoumalan R, Tashkin DP, Roth MD (2002) Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol regulates Th1\/Th2 cytokine balance in activated human T cells. J Neuroimmunol 133:124\u2013131","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9301_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00034.2008","volume":"33","author":"C Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang C (2008) MicroRNomics: a newly emerging approach for disease biology. Physiol Genom 33:139\u2013147","journal-title":"Physiol Genom"},{"key":"9301_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015620","volume":"5","author":"R Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang R, Mehla R, Chauhan A (2010) Perturbation of host nuclear membrane component RanBP2 impairs the nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus \u22121 preintegration complex (DNA). PLoS One 5:e15620","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9301_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37693-1","volume":"286","author":"W Zhu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhu W, Friedman H, Klein TW (1998) Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in macrophages and lymphocytes: involvement of Bcl-2 and caspase-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286:1103\u20131109","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-011-9301-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11481-011-9301-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-011-9301-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T11:45:54Z","timestamp":1741434354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11481-011-9301-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-011-9301-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-1890","1557-1904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-1890","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]]}}}