{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:33:28Z","timestamp":1792521208139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013030","name":"William and Ella Owens Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-17-1-0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-1-0062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03 NS114616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 NS114616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-020-09972-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T01:02:48Z","timestamp":1606006968000},"page":"667-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Brain Selective Estrogen Treatment Protects Dopaminergic Neurons and Preserves Behavioral Function in MPTP-induced Mouse Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nidheesh","family":"Thadathil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Alway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4679-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Moshahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9972_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972-7531.1017304","volume":"17","author":"A Anandhan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anandhan A, Tamilselvam K, Vijayraja D, Ashokkumar N, Rajasankar S, Manivasagam T (2010) Resveratrol attenuates oxidative stress and improves behaviour in 1 -methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) challenged mice. Ann Neurosci 17:113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5214\/ans.0972-7531.1017304","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"key":"9972_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00196","volume":"5","author":"K Aquilano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Ciriolo MR (2014) Glutathione: new roles in redox signaling for an old antioxidant. Front Pharmacol 5:196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2014.00196","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"9972_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.10.002","volume":"1822","author":"L Breydo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Breydo L, Wu JW, Uversky VN (2012) Alpha-synuclein misfolding and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822:261\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.10.002","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"9972_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104675","volume":"120","author":"MJ Butler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler MJ, Perrini AA, Eckel LA (2020) Estradiol treatment attenuates high fat diet-induced microgliosis in ovariectomized rats. Horm Behav 120:104675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104675","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"9972_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0408-5","volume":"67","author":"A Camins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Camins A, Pizarro JG, Alvira D, Gutierrez-Cuesta J, de la Torre AV, Folch J, Sureda FX, Verdaguer E, Junyent F, Jordan J, Ferrer I, Pallas M (2010) Activation of ataxia telangiectasia muted under experimental models and human Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 67:3865\u20133882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-010-0408-5","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"9972_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.09.064","volume":"144","author":"L Chi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chi L, Ke Y, Luo C, Gozal D, Liu R (2007) Depletion of reduced glutathione enhances motor neuron degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 144:991\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.09.064","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"9972_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00568-3","volume":"39","author":"W Dauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dauer W, Przedborski S (2003) Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanisms. and models Neuron 39:889\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00568-3","journal-title":"and models Neuron"},{"key":"9972_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-130230","volume":"3","author":"V Dias","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dias V, Junn E, Mouradian MM (2013) The role of oxidative stress in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 3:461\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-130230","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"9972_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(99)00060-x","volume":"62","author":"R Dringen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dringen R (2000) Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain. Prog Neurobiol 62:649\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301-0082(99)00060-x","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"9972_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3999","volume":"15","author":"T Fukai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fukai T, Ushio-Fukai M (2011) Superoxide dismutases: role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 15:1583\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2011.3999","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"9972_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.10.086","volume":"482","author":"MM Gaschler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR (2017) Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 482:419\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.10.086","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9972_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/35081564","volume":"2","author":"M Goedert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goedert M (2001) Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2:492\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35081564","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"9972_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24592","author":"CP Gonzalez-Hunt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Hunt CP, Sanders LH (2020) DNA damage and repair in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Recent advances and new opportunities. J Neurosci Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.24592","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9972_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01008","volume":"10","author":"L Guzman-Martinez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guzman-Martinez L, Maccioni RB, Andrade V, Navarrete LP, Pastor MG, Ramos-Escobar N (2019) Neuroinflammation as a common feature of neurodegenerative. Disorders Front Pharmacol 10:1008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2019.01008","journal-title":"Disorders Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"9972_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.01.013","volume":"193","author":"A Hald","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hald A, Lotharius J (2005) Oxidative stress and inflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: is there a causal link? Exp Neurol 193:279\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.01.013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"9972_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000445751","volume":"46","author":"L Hirsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirsch L, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves T, Pringsheim T (2016) The Incidence of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology 46:292\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000445751","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"9972_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/1055-8330(95)90015-2","volume":"4","author":"V Jackson-Lewis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jackson-Lewis V, Jakowec M, Burke RE, Przedborski S (1995) Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neurodegeneration 4:257\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/1055-8330(95)90015-2","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"9972_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106441","volume":"83","author":"H Javed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javed H, Thangavel R, Selvakumar GP, Dubova I, Schwartz N, Ahmed ME, Zaheer S, Kempuraj D, Iyer S, Zaheer A, Khan MM (2020) NLRP3 inflammasome and glia maturation factor coordinately regulate neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int Immunopharmacol 83:106441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106441","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"9972_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.66.10_suppl_4.s24","volume":"66","author":"P Jenner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jenner P, Olanow CW (2006) The pathogenesis of cell death in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 66:S24-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.66.10_suppl_4.s24","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9972_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.04.006","volume":"155","author":"V Joers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joers V, Tansey MG, Mulas G, Carta AR (2017) Microglial phenotypes in Parkinson\u2019s disease and animal models of the disease. Prog Neurobiol 155:57\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.04.006","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"9972_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.01.029","volume":"62","author":"MM Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan MM, Kempuraj D, Thangavel R, Zaheer A (2013) Protection of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by. Pycnogenol Neurochem Int 62:379\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.01.029","journal-title":"Pycnogenol Neurochem Int"},{"key":"9972_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1553-x","volume":"40","author":"MM Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan MM, Zaheer S, Thangavel R, Patel M, Kempuraj D, Zaheer A (2015) Absence of glia maturation factor protects dopaminergic neurons and improves motor behavior in mouse model of parkinsonism. Neurochem Res 40:980\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-015-1553-x","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9972_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.014","volume":"62","author":"MM Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan MM, Xiao J, Patel D, LeDoux MS (2018) DNA damage and neurodegenerative phenotypes in aged Ciz1 null. mice Neurobiol Aging 62:180\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.014","journal-title":"mice Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"9972_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan M, Ullah R, Rehman SU, Shah SA, Saeed K, Muhammad T, Park HY, Jo MH, Choe K, Rutten BPF, Kim MO (2019) 17beta-estradiol modulates sirt1 and halts oxidative stress-mediated cognitive impairment in a male aging mouse model. Cells 8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8080928","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080928"},{"key":"9972_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47026-6","volume":"9","author":"YH Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee YH, Cha J, Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Sohn YH, Ye BS, Lee PH (2019) Beneficial effect of estrogen on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in drug-naive postmenopausal Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 9:10531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-47026-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9972_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05292","volume":"443","author":"MT Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin MT, Beal MF (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443:787\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05292","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9972_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.6","volume":"24","author":"LJ Mah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mah LJ, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC (2010) gammaH2AX: a sensitive molecular marker of DNA damage and repair. Leukemia 24:679\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2010.6","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"9972_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30721","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30721","volume":"6","author":"I Merchenthaler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merchenthaler I, Lane M, Sabnis G, Brodie A, Nguyen V, Prokai L, Prokai-Tatrai K (2016) Treatment with an orally bioavailable prodrug of 17beta-estradiol alleviates hot flushes without hormonal effects in the periphery. Sci Rep 6:30721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep30721","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9972_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merchenthaler I, Lane M, Stennett C, Zhan M, Nguyen V, Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L (2020) Brain-selective estrogen therapy prevents androgen deprivation-associated hot flushes in a rat model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 13 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph13060119","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13060119"},{"key":"9972_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0848-7","volume":"9","author":"C Milanese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milanese C, Cerri S, Ulusoy A, Gornati SV, Plat A, Gabriels S, Blandini F, Di Monte DA, Hoeijmakers JH, Mastroberardino PG (2018) Activation of the DNA damage response in vivo in synucleinopathy models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell Death Dis 9:818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-018-0848-7","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"9972_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnr.2006.09.006","volume":"6","author":"RL Mosley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mosley RL, Benner EJ, Kadiu I, Thomas M, Boska MD, Hasan K, Laurie C, Gendelman HE (2006) Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin Neurosci Res 6:261\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnr.2006.09.006","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"9972_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S200","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70814-4","volume":"15","author":"Y Ouchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ouchi Y, Yagi S, Yokokura M, Sakamoto M (2009) Neuroinflammation in the living brain of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15(Suppl 3):S200-204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70814-4","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"9972_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297ra113","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab1290","volume":"7","author":"L Prokai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prokai L, Nguyen V, Szarka S, Garg P, Sabnis G, Bimonte-Nelson HA, McLaughlin KJ, Talboom JS, Conrad CD, Shughrue PJ, Gould TD, Brodie A, Merchenthaler I, Koulen P, Prokai-Tatrai K (2015) The prodrug DHED selectively delivers 17beta-estradiol to the brain for treating estrogen-responsive disorders. Sci Transl Med 7:297ra113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab1290","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"9972_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00184","volume":"9","author":"K Prokai-Tatrai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prokai-Tatrai K, Nguyen V, Prokai L (2018) 10beta,17alpha-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one: a bioprecursor prodrug preferentially producing 17alpha-estradiol in the brain for targeted neurotherapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 9:2528\u20132533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00184","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"9972_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07476.x","volume":"991","author":"S Przedborski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Przedborski S, Vila M (2003) The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model: a tool to explore the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 991:189\u2013198","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"9972_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10833","volume":"75","author":"A Quesada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quesada A, Micevych PE (2004) Estrogen interacts with the IGF-1 system to protect nigrostriatal dopamine and maintain motoric behavior after 6-hydroxdopamine lesions. J Neurosci Res 75:107\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.10833","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9972_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21127","volume":"21","author":"P Ragonese","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ragonese P, D\u2019Amelio M, Callari G, Salemi G, Morgante L, Savettieri G (2006) Age at menopause predicts age at onset of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 21:2211\u20132214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.21127","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9972_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0313-19.2019","volume":"39","author":"MM Rajsombath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajsombath MM, Nam AY, Ericsson M, Nuber S (2019) Female sex and brain-selective estrogen benefit alpha-synuclein tetramerization and the PD-like motor syndrome in 3K transgenic. Mice J Neurosci 39:7628\u20137640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0313-19.2019","journal-title":"Mice J Neurosci"},{"key":"9972_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.06.004","volume":"58","author":"AI Rodriguez-Perez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Perez AI, Dominguez-Meijide A, Lanciego JL, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL (2013) Inhibition of Rho kinase mediates the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in the MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 58:209\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.06.004","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"9972_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.003","volume":"62","author":"LH Sanders","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sanders LH, Timothy Greenamyre J (2013) Oxidative damage to macromolecules in human Parkinson disease and the rotenone model Free. Radic Biol Med 62:111\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.003","journal-title":"Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"9972_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19981201)54:5<707::AID-JNR16>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"54","author":"H Sawada","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sawada H, Ibi M, Kihara T, Urushitani M, Akaike A, Shimohama S (1998) Estradiol protects mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress-induced neuronal death J Neurosci Res 54:707\u2013719 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19981201)54:5<707::AID-JNR16>3.0.CO;2-T","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9972_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-2952(96)00452-2","volume":"52","author":"TA Seaton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seaton TA, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1996) Mitochondrial respiratory enzyme function and superoxide dismutase activity following brain glutathione depletion in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 52:1657\u20131663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-2952(96)00452-2","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"9972_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.06.008","volume":"69","author":"D Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen D, Tian X, Zhang B, Song R (2017) Mechanistic evaluation of neuroprotective effect of estradiol on rotenone and 6-OHDA induced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Pharmacol Rep 69:1178\u20131185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.06.008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"9972_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2015.07.001","volume":"766","author":"MS Siddiqui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siddiqui MS, Francois M, Fenech MF, Leifert WR (2015) Persistent gammaH2AX: A promising molecular marker of DNA damage and aging. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 766:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2015.07.001","journal-title":"Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res"},{"key":"9972_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8309031","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8309031","volume":"2016","author":"R Thakkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thakkar R, Wang R, Sareddy G, Wang J, Thiruvaiyaru D, Vadlamudi R, Zhang Q, Brann D (2016) NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the brain after global cerebral ischemia and regulation by 17beta-estradiol oxid. Med Cell Longev 2016:8309031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8309031","journal-title":"Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"9972_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.029","volume":"1084","author":"W Tripanichkul","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tripanichkul W, Sripanichkulchai K, Finkelstein DI (2006) Estrogen down-regulates glial activation in male mice following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication. Brain Res 1084:28\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.029","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9972_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.05.076","volume":"1164","author":"W Tripanichkul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tripanichkul W, Sripanichkulchai K, Duce JA, Finkelstein DI (2007) 17Beta-estradiol reduces nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity and increases SOD1 and SOD2 immunoreactivity in nigral neurons in male mice following MPTP insult. Brain Res 1164:24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.05.076","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9972_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.54.12.2292","volume":"54","author":"KL Tsang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsang KL, Ho SL, Lo SK (2000) Estrogen improves motor disability in parkinsonian postmenopausal women with motor fluctuations. Neurology 54:2292\u20132298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.54.12.2292","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9972_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.05.009","volume":"83","author":"AE Tschiffely","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tschiffely AE, Schuh RA, Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L, Ottinger MA (2016) A comparative evaluation of treatments with 17beta-estradiol and its brain-selective prodrug in a double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Horm Behav 83:39\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.05.009","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"9972_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.11.015","volume":"98","author":"AE Tschiffely","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tschiffely AE, Schuh RA, Prokai-Tatrai K, Ottinger MA, Prokai L (2018) An exploratory investigation of brain-selective estrogen treatment in males using a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Horm Behav 98:16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.11.015","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"9972_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg068","volume":"157","author":"SK Van Den Eeden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM, Bernstein AL, Fross RD, Leimpeter A, Bloch DA, Nelson LM (2003) Incidence of Parkinson\u2019s disease: variation by age, gender, and race\/ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol 157:1015\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwg068","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"9972_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1531957100","volume":"100","author":"E Vegeto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vegeto E, Belcredito S, Etteri S, Ghisletti S, Brusadelli A, Meda C, Krust A, Dupont S, Ciana P, Chambon P, Maggi A (2003) Estrogen receptor-alpha mediates the brain antiinflammatory activity of estradiol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:9614\u20139619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1531957100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9972_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.008","volume":"481","author":"D Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang D, Yu T, Liu Y, Yan J, Guo Y, Jing Y, Yang X, Song Y, Tian Y (2016) DNA damage preceding dopamine neuron degeneration in A53T human alpha-synuclein transgenic mice Biochem. Biophys Res Commun 481:104\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.008","journal-title":"Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9972_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.07.002","volume":"85","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yadav SK, Pandey S, Singh B (2017) Role of estrogen and levodopa in 1-methyl-4-pheny-l-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced cognitive deficit in Parkinsonian ovariectomized mice model: A comparative study. J Chem Neuroanat 85:50\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.07.002","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"9972_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-019-01639-w","volume":"392","author":"W Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan W, Wu J, Song B, Luo Q, Xu Y (2019) Treatment with a brain-selective prodrug of 17beta-estradiol improves cognitive function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice by regulating klf5-NF-kappaB pathway Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 392:879\u2013886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-019-01639-w","journal-title":"Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"9972_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.03.097","volume":"526","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Kong F, Ding Q, Cai Y, Hao Y, Tang B (2020) Bruceine D elevates Nrf2 activation to restrain Parkinson\u2019s disease in mice through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response Biochem. Biophys Res Commun 526:1013\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.03.097","journal-title":"Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9972_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116600","volume":"232","author":"G Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang G, Yang G, Liu J (2019) Phloretin attenuates behavior deficits and neuroinflammatory response in MPTP induced Parkinson\u2019s disease in mice. Life Sci 232:116600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116600","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9972_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.004","volume":"66","author":"YL Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu YL, Sun MF, Jia XB, Cheng K, Xu YD, Zhou ZL, Zhang PH, Qiao CM, Cui C, Chen X, Yang XS, Shen YQ (2019) Neuroprotective effects of Astilbin on MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice: Glial reaction, alpha-synuclein expression and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 66:19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.11.004","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-020-09972-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11481-020-09972-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-020-09972-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T04:32:13Z","timestamp":1628310733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11481-020-09972-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-020-09972-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-1890","1557-1904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-1890","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}