{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:47:15Z","timestamp":1790790435336,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government and School Cooperation Program of Nanchong, Sichuan, China","award":["19SXHZ0148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19SXHZ0148"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-023-10075-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T16:26:42Z","timestamp":1688142402000},"page":"285-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-related Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Case Reports"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4342-3738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anji","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10075_CR1","first-page":"269","volume":"36","author":"Y Akgun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akgun Y, Wu Y (2021) Plasma exchange for acute motor axonal neuropathy variant guillain-barre syndrome in a pregnant woman with active systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Apheresis 36:269\u2013270","journal-title":"J Clin Apheresis"},{"key":"10075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30689","DOI":"10.3402\/jchimp.v6.30689","volume":"6","author":"N Ali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali N, Rampure R, Malik F, Jafri SI, Amberker D (2016) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome occurring synchronously with systemic lupus erythematosus as initial manifestation treated successfully with low-dose cyclophosphamide. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 6:30689","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"key":"10075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270707","volume":"27 Suppl","author":"AK Asbury","year":"1990","unstructured":"Asbury AK, Cornblath DR (1990) Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Ann Neurol 27 Suppl:S21-24","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10075_CR4","first-page":"19","volume":"41","author":"F Aslam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aslam F, Russell EB, Bannout F (2012) Cranial nerve palsies: sarcoidosis to systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 41:19\u201320","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR5","first-page":"67","volume":"66","author":"A Beedkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beedkar A, Sonawale A, Kawale J (2018) Guillain-Barre Syndrome as presenting feature in a patient with systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Assoc Phys India 66:67\u201368","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"10075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130476","volume":"69","author":"GK Bertsias","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertsias GK et al (2010) EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for clinical affairs. Ann Rheum Dis 69:2074\u20132082","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10075_CR7","first-page":"146","volume":"37","author":"A Bortoluzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bortoluzzi A, Silvagni E, Furini F, Piga M, Govoni M (2019) Peripheral nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the evidence. Clin Exp Rheumatol 37:146\u2013155","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/28.5.440","volume":"28","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Taylor IK, Niven RM, Abbott RJ (1989) A case of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as Guillain-Barre syndrome. Br J Rheumatol 28:440\u2013442","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00124743-200010000-00009","volume":"6","author":"D Erkan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Erkan D, Merrill JT (2000) Severe Guillain-Barre-like peripheral neuropathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus recovery after two separate accidental burn injuries. J Clin Rheumatol 6:278\u2013282","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.022","volume":"16","author":"S Esposito","year":"2017","unstructured":"Esposito S, Longo MR (2017) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 16:96\u2013101","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011160","author":"Z Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao Z, Li X, Peng T, Hu Z, Liu J, Zhen J, Gao Y (2018) Systemic lupus erythematosus with Guillian-Barre syndrome: a case report and literature review. Medicine\u00a0(United States) 97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000011160","journal-title":"Medicine\u00a0(United States) 97"},{"key":"10075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.01229","volume":"206","author":"V Golder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Golder V, Hoi A (2017) Systemic lupus erythematosus: an update. Med J Australia 206:215\u2013220","journal-title":"Med J Australia"},{"key":"10075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex286","volume":"57","author":"C Gordon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gordon C, Amissah-Arthur MB, Gayed M, Brown S, Bruce IN, D\u2019Cruz D, Empson B, Griffiths B, Jayne D, Khamashta M, Lightstone L, Norton P, Norton Y, Schreiber K, Isenberg D (2018) The british Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Rheumatology (Oxford) 57:e1\u2013e45","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-011-0190-y","volume":"11","author":"TA Hardy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hardy TA, Blum S, McCombe PA, Reddel SW (2011) Guillain-barr\u00e9 syndrome: modern theories of etiology. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 11:197\u2013204","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10075_CR15","unstructured":"Hatami M, Chandra S, Nguyen T (2020) Simultaneous central and peripheral demyelination in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurology 94"},{"key":"10075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes RA, Swan AV, van Doorn PA (2014) Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2014:Cd002063","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002063.pub6"},{"key":"10075_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3173-1","volume":"35","author":"M Jabrane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jabrane M, Ait Lahcen Z, Fadili W, Laouad I (2015) A case of PRES in an active lupus nephritis patient after treatment of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. Rheumatol Int 35:935\u2013938","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10075_CR18","unstructured":"Koryllou A, Mejbri M, Garcia-Tarodo S, Parvex P, Gonzalez Nguyen Tang E, Korff CM, Hofer M (2020) Bickerstaff encephalitis with overlapping Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome as a first manifestation of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. Pediatr Rheumatol 18"},{"key":"10075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(83)90016-1","volume":"12","author":"J Kovarsky","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kovarsky J (1983) Clinical pharmacology and toxicology of cyclophosphamide: emphasis on use in rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 12:359\u2013372","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu464cr","volume":"12","author":"M Lewis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewis M, Gibson T (2003) Systemic lupus erythematous with recurrent Guillain-Barr\u00e9-like syndrome treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Lupus 12:857\u2013859","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10075_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2550w","volume":"8","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li X, Wang Y (2016) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with acute Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a case report and review of the literature. J Clin Med Res 8:555\u2013559","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"10075_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NPSLE (1999) The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthritis Rheum 42:599\u2013608","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"10075_CR23","first-page":"A106","volume":"4","author":"E Ogawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogawa E, Hoshiyama T, Okada J (2017) Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as oculomotor disturbance. Lupus Sci Med 4:A106","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"10075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.9.10.2307","volume":"9","author":"J Pritchard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pritchard J (2000) Novel therapeutic approaches to Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 9:2307\u20132318","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10075_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rapha\u00ebl JC, Chevret S, Hughes RA, Annane D (2012) Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Cd001798","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001798.pub2"},{"key":"10075_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/injr.injr_118_18","volume":"14","author":"R Reddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reddy R, Punnen A, Bella A, Kumar S (2019) Guillain-barre syndrome as a presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus in a child and it\u2019s complete resolution with rituximab treatment. Indian J Rheumatol 14:74\u201376","journal-title":"Indian J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.11.1074","volume":"33","author":"MG Robson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Robson MG, Walport MJ, Davies KA (1994) Systemic lupus erythematosus and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy. Br J Rheumatol 33:1074\u20131077","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204233261706","volume":"326","author":"AH Ropper","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ropper AH (1992) The Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. N Engl J Med 326:1130\u20131136","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e07d14","volume":"74","author":"L Ruts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruts L, Drenthen J, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA (2010) Distinguishing acute-onset CIDP from fluctuating Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective study. Neurology 74:1680\u20131686","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313476358","volume":"22","author":"Y Santiago-Casas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santiago-Casas Y, Peredo RA, Vil\u00e1 LM (2013) Efficacy of low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide in systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome-like acute axonal neuropathies: report of two cases. Lupus 22:324\u2013327","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000324710","volume":"36","author":"JJ Sejvar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, Morgan OW (2011) Population incidence of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology 36:123\u2013133","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10075_CR32","first-page":"S35","volume":"62","author":"D Smyth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smyth D, Jacobson R (2020) Guillain-barre syndrome associated with systemic lupus flare: two cases and review of the literature. Muscle Nerve 62:S35","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10075_CR33","first-page":"61","volume":"19","author":"HD Stahl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stahl HD, Kalischewski P, Orda C, Baum P, Grahmann F, Emmrich F (2000) Filtration of cerebrospinal fluid for acute demyelinating neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 19:61\u201363","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0458-0","volume":"18","author":"X Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Su X, Qiao X, Li J, Gao L, Wang C, Wang L (2017) Papulonodular mucinosis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and nephrotic syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Nephrol 18:1\u20134","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10075_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakolwiboon S, Karukote A (2019) Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a challenge in treatment. Neurology 92","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2019.1647715"},{"key":"10075_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/00124743-200110000-00014","volume":"7","author":"EE Ubogu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ubogu EE, Zaidat OO, Suarez JI (2001) Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy associated with active systemic lupus erythematosus and anticardiolipin antibodies. J Clin Rheumatol 7:326\u2013331","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.3.358","volume":"31","author":"F Uluta\u015f","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uluta\u015f F, \u00c7obankara V, Karasu U, Baser N, Akbudak IH (2020) A rare case with systemic Lupus Erythematosus manifested by two different neurologic entities; Guillain Barre syndrome and posterior reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Mediterranean J Rheumatol 31:358\u2013361","journal-title":"Mediterranean J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00124743-199912000-00010","volume":"5","author":"S Vaidya","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vaidya S, Jasin HE, Logan J (1999) Systemic lupus erythematosus and Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Clin Rheumatol 5:349\u2013353","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.4.840","volume":"16","author":"HW van Laarhoven","year":"2001","unstructured":"van Laarhoven HW, Rooyer FA, van Engelen BG, van Dalen R, Berden JH (2001) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome as presenting feature in a patient with lupus nephritis, with complete resolution after cyclophosphamide treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:840\u2013842","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10075_CR40","first-page":"1011","volume":"45","author":"E Wall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wall E, Katz S (2018) Guillain Barre Syndrome as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 45:1011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10075_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap DYH, Chan TM (2019) B cell abnormalities in systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis-Role in Pathogenesis and Effect of immunosuppressive treatments. Int J Mol Sci 20","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246231"},{"key":"10075_CR42","first-page":"319","volume":"23","author":"J Yew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yew J, Cheng CH, Azman MAM (2020) Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Int J Rheum Dis 23:319\u2013320","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10075_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310392427","volume":"20","author":"\u00d6K Yildiz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yildiz \u00d6K, Balaban H, Senel S, \u00c7evik S (2011) Acute lumbosacral polyradiculoneuropathy heralding transformation to systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with discoid lupus. Lupus 20:972\u2013974","journal-title":"Lupus"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-023-10075-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11481-023-10075-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-023-10075-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T22:13:13Z","timestamp":1697407993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11481-023-10075-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-023-10075-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-1890","1557-1904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-1890","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that no competing interests exist.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}