{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:29:16Z","timestamp":1761719356426,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FBD-181381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FBD-181381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10215-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T18:11:58Z","timestamp":1747937518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19 Alters Inflammatory, Mitochondrial, and Protein Clearance Pathway Genes: Potential Implications for New-onset Parkinsonism in Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chukwunonso K.","family":"Nwabufo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2022.2140315","volume":"52","author":"OP Aigbogun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aigbogun OP, Nwabufo CK, Owens MN et al (2022) An HPLC-UV validated bioanalytical method for measurement of in vitro phase 1 kinetics of \u03b1-synuclein binding bifunctional compounds. Xenobiotica 52:916\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00498254.2022.2140315","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10215_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400828","volume":"7","author":"R Albrecht","year":"2006","unstructured":"Albrecht R, Rehling P, Chacinska A et al (2006) The Tim21 binding domain connects the preprotein translocases of both mitochondrial membranes. EMBO Rep 7:1233\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.embor.7400828","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10215_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.11.005","volume":"22","author":"M Barrachina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barrachina M, Casta\u00f1o E, Dalf\u00f3 E et al (2006) Reduced ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-1 expression levels in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Dis 22:265\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.11.005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10215_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0030-y","volume":"115","author":"AL Bartels","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bartels AL, Willemsen ATM, Kortekaas R et al (2008) Decreased blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease, PSP and MSA. J Neural Transm 115:1001\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-008-0030-y","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10215_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2694","volume":"221","author":"S Barth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barth S, Glick D, Macleod KF (2010) Autophagy: assays and artifacts. J Pathol 221:117\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.2694","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10215_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07143.x","volume":"116","author":"A Bellucci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bellucci A, Navarria L, Zaltieri M et al (2011) Induction of the unfolded protein response by \u03b1-synuclein in experimental models of Parkinson\u2019s disease: \u03b1-Synuclein accumulation induces the UPR. J Neurochem 116:588\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07143.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10215_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2015.05.006","volume":"31","author":"A Ben\u00edtez-Burraco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ben\u00edtez-Burraco A, Herrera E, Cuetos F (2016) \u00bfUn d\u00e9ficit nuclear en la enfermedad de Parkinson? Neurologia 31:223\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nrl.2015.05.006","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10215_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","volume":"24","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U et al (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24:197\u2013211","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10215_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02202-1","volume":"141","author":"J Br\u00e1s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Br\u00e1s J, Gibbons E, Guerreiro R (2021) Genetics of synucleins in neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neuropathol 141:471\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-020-02202-1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10215_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911516107","volume":"107","author":"F Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen F, Sugiura Y, Myers KG et al (2010) Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 is required for maintaining the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:1636\u20131641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0911516107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10215_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0089-14.2015","volume":"35","author":"L Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen L, Xie Z, Turkson S, Zhuang X (2015) A53T Human \u03b1-Synuclein Overexpression in Transgenic Mice Induces Pervasive Mitochondria Macroautophagy Defects Preceding Dopamine Neuron Degeneration. J Neurosci 35:890\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0089-14.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10215_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","volume":"34","author":"S Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J (2018) fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics 34:i884\u2013i890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10215_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13256","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M314124200","volume":"279","author":"J Choi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Choi J, Levey AI, Weintraub ST et al (2004) Oxidative Modifications and Down-regulation of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-terminal Hydrolase L1 Associated with Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s Diseases. J Biol Chem 279:13256\u201313264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M314124200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10215_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen ME, Eichel R, Steiner-Birmanns B, et al (2020) A case of probable Parkinson\u2019s disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Lancet Neurology 19:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30305-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30305-7"},{"key":"10215_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20410","volume":"20","author":"M Contin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Contin M, Martinelli P, Mochi M et al (2005) Genetic polymorphism of catechol- O -methyltransferase and levodopa pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic pattern in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 20:734\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20410","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10215_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129462","volume":"313","author":"AA Cooper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooper AA, Gitler AD, Cashikar A et al (2006) \u03b1-Synuclein Blocks ER-Golgi Traffic and Rab1 Rescues Neuron Loss in Parkinson\u2019s Models. Science 313:324\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1129462","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10215_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22155","volume":"69","author":"J Corvol","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corvol J, Bonnet C, Charbonnier-Beaupel F et al (2011) The COMT Val158Met polymorphism affects the response to entacapone in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A randomized crossover clinical trial. Ann Neurol 69:111\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22155","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10215_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00812-2","author":"R Coukos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coukos R, Krainc D (2024) Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-024-00812-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10215_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38719-8","volume":"14","author":"JL Daly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daly JL, Danson CM, Lewis PA et al (2023) Multi-omic approach characterises the neuroprotective role of retromer in regulating lysosomal health. Nat Commun 14:3086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-38719-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10215_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12071006","volume":"12","author":"JO Day","year":"2021","unstructured":"Day JO, Mullin S (2021) The Genetics of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Implications for Clinical Practice. Genes (Basel) 12:1006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes12071006","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"10215_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Escott\u2010Price V, for the International Parkinson\u2019s Disease Genomics Consortium, Nalls MA, et al (2015) Polygenic risk of P arkinson disease is correlated with disease age at onset. Annals of Neurology 77:582\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24335","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24335"},{"key":"10215_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28277","volume":"35","author":"I Faber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faber I, Brand\u00e3o PRP, Menegatti F et al (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Parkinsonism: A Non-post-encephalitic Case. Mov Disord 35:1721\u20131722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28277","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10215_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000529927","volume":"86","author":"MR Farrokhi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farrokhi MR, Iravanpour F, Nejabat N (2023) Development of Acute Transverse Myelitis following COVID-19 Infection: A Review on the Potential Pathways. Eur Neurol 86:209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000529927","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10215_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47867-4","volume":"15","author":"IH Fl\u00f8nes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fl\u00f8nes IH, Toker L, Sandnes DA et al (2024) Mitochondrial complex I deficiency stratifies idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 15:3631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-47867-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10215_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1154-0","volume":"9","author":"S Franco-Iborra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franco-Iborra S, Cuadros T, Parent A et al (2018) Defective mitochondrial protein import contributes to complex I-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell Death Dis 9:1122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-018-1154-0","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10215_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D916","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1087","volume":"49","author":"A Frankish","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frankish A, Diekhans M, Jungreis I et al (2021) GENCODE 2021. Nucleic Acids Res 49:D916\u2013D923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1087","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10215_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13450","volume":"96","author":"JE Galvin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Galvin JE, Uryu K, Lee VM-Y, Trojanowski JQ (1999) Axon pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Lewy body dementia hippocampus contains \u03b1-, \u03b2-, and \u03b3-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13450\u201313455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13450","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10215_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guarnieri JW, Dybas JM, Fazelinia H, et al (2023) Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts. Sci Transl Med 15:eabq1533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq1533","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq1533"},{"key":"10215_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2012.03.001","volume":"66","author":"J Hou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hou J, Qu F, Wu C et al (2012) Quantitative determination and pharmacokinetic study of the novel anti-Parkinson\u2019s disease candidate drug FLZ in rat brain by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 66:232\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2012.03.001","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"10215_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-023-00988-2","volume":"37","author":"F Iravanpour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iravanpour F, Farrokhi MR, Jafarinia M, Oliaee RT (2023) The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of \u03b1-synuclein. Hum Cell 37:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00988-2","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"10215_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00209","volume":"7","author":"J Kakish","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kakish J, Allen KJ, Harkness TA et al (2016) Novel Dimer Compounds That Bind alpha-Synuclein Can Rescue Cell Growth in a Yeast Model Overexpressing alpha-Synuclein. A Possible Prevention Strategy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 7:1671\u20131680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00209","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10215_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K\u00e4ufer C, Schreiber CS, Hartke A-S, et al (2022) Microgliosis and neuronal proteinopathy in brain persist beyond viral clearance in SARS-CoV-2 hamster model. eBioMedicine 79:103999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103999"},{"key":"10215_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab578","volume":"225","author":"JD Kotwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kotwa JD, Jamal AJ, Mbareche H et al (2022) Surface and Air Contamination With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Toronto, Canada, March\u2013May 2020. J Infect Dis 225:768\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiab578","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10215_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kotwa JD, Lobb B, Mass\u00e9 A, et al (2023) Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of delta SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). iScience 26:108319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108319"},{"key":"10215_CR35","unstructured":"Kouli A, Torsney KM, Kuan W-L (2018) Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Etiology, Neuropathology, and Pathogenesis. In: Stoker TB, Greenland JC (eds) Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects. Codon Publications, Brisbane (AU)"},{"key":"10215_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312848","volume":"87","author":"J Kraemmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kraemmer J, Smith K, Weintraub D et al (2016) Clinical-genetic model predicts incident impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 87:1106\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312848","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10215_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28622","volume":"36","author":"V Leta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leta V, Rodr\u00edguez-Violante M, Abundes A et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Post\u2013COVID -19 Syndrome: The Parkinson\u2019s Long-COVID Spectrum. Mov Disord 36:1287\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28622","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10215_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102442","volume":"9","author":"Q Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Q, Hou J, Chen X et al (2014) P-glycoprotein mediated efflux limits the transport of the novel anti-Parkinson\u2019s disease candidate drug FLZ across the physiological and PD pathological in vitro BBB models. PLoS ONE 9:e102442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0102442","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10215_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S (2014) Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol 15:550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10215_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260","volume":"382","author":"FM Marty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marty FM, Chen K, Verrill KA (2020) How to Obtain a Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen. N Engl J Med 382:e76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10215_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.001","volume":"146","author":"JR Mazzulli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mazzulli JR, Xu YH, Sun Y et al (2011) Gaucher disease glucocerebrosidase and \u03b1-synuclein form a bidirectional pathogenic loop in synucleinopathies. Cell 146:37\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10215_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.06.024","volume":"24","author":"IJ McGough","year":"2014","unstructured":"McGough IJ, Steinberg F, Jia D et al (2014) Retromer Binding to FAM21 and the WASH Complex Is Perturbed by the Parkinson Disease-Linked VPS35(D620N) Mutation. Curr Biol 24:1670\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.06.024","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10215_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez-Guerrero A, Laespada-Garc\u00eda MI, G\u00f3mez-Grande A, et al (2020) Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurology 95:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010282","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010282"},{"key":"10215_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","volume":"18","author":"MA Nalls","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C, Vallerga CL et al (2019) Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. The Lancet Neurology 18:1091\u20131102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10215_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp090","volume":"18","author":"N Ninkina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ninkina N, Peters O, Millership S et al (2009) \u03b3-Synucleinopathy: neurodegeneration associated with overexpression of the mouse protein. Hum Mol Genet 18:1779\u20131794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddp090","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10215_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nwabufo C, Luc J, McGeer A, et al (2024) COVID-19 Severity Gradient Differentially Dysregulates Clinically Relevant Drug Processing Genes in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples. Brit J Clinical Pharma bcp.16124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.16124","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16124"},{"key":"10215_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200223666220621113524","volume":"23","author":"CK Nwabufo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK (2022) Relevance of ABC Transporters in Drug Development. Curr Drug Metab 23:434\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389200223666220621113524","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"10215_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-023-04575-y","author":"CK Nwabufo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK (2023) Mirvetuximab soravtansine in ovarian cancer therapy: expert opinion on pharmacological considerations. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00280-023-04575-y","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10215_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK, Aigbogun OP (2022) Diagnostic and therapeutic agents that target alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11267-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11267-9"},{"key":"10215_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2021.1943566","volume":"51","author":"CK Nwabufo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK, Aigbogun OP, Allen KJH et al (2021) Employing in vitro metabolism to guide design of F-labelled PET probes of novel \u03b1-synuclein binding bifunctional compounds. Xenobiotica 51:885\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00498254.2021.1943566","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10215_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.09.005","volume":"43","author":"CK Nwabufo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK, Bendayan R (2022) Pharmacokinetic considerations to optimize clinical outcomes for COVID-19 drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 43:1041\u20131054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2022.09.005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10215_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8540","volume":"33","author":"CK Nwabufo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK, El-Aneed A, Krol ES (2019) Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of novel caffeine scaffold-based bifunctional compounds for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 33:1792\u20131803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.8540","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"10215_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124693","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1124693","volume":"14","author":"CK Nwabufo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nwabufo CK, Hoque MdT, Yip L et al (2023) SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates the expression of clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes in Vero E6 cells and membrane transporters in human lung tissues. Front Pharmacol 14:1124693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1124693","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10215_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090439","volume":"302","author":"TF Outeiro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Outeiro TF, Lindquist S (2003) Yeast Cells Provide Insight into Alpha-Synuclein Biology and Pathobiology. Science 302:1772\u20131775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1090439","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10215_CR55","unstructured":"Patel D, Bordoni B (2024) Physiology, Synuclein. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"10215_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197","volume":"14","author":"R Patro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patro R, Duggal G, Love MI et al (2017) Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression. Nat Methods 14:417\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.4197","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10215_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.06.016","volume":"48","author":"OM Peters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters OM, Millership S, Shelkovnikova TA et al (2012) Selective pattern of motor system damage in gamma-synuclein transgenic mice mirrors the respective pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 48:124\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.06.016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10215_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040776","volume":"14","author":"IHCHM Philippens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Philippens IHCHM, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi KP, Wubben JAM et al (2022) Brain Inflammation and Intracellular \u03b1-Synuclein Aggregates in Macaques after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 14:776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14040776","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10215_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28852","volume":"95","author":"M Rahmati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahmati M, Udeh R, Yon DK et al (2023a) A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term sequelae of COVID-19 2-year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A call to action for neurological, physical, and psychological sciences. J Med Virol 95:e28852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28852","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10215_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28909","volume":"95","author":"M Rahmati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahmati M, Yon DK, Lee SW et al (2023b) New-onset neurodegenerative diseases as long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 95:e28909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28909","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10215_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.12.013","volume":"109","author":"NL Rey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rey NL, Wesson DW, Brundin P (2018) The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 109:226\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.12.013","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10215_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0423-2","volume":"22","author":"SH Shahmoradian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahmoradian SH, Lewis AJ, Genoud C et al (2019) Lewy pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease consists of crowded organelles and lipid membranes. Nat Neurosci 22:1099\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-019-0423-2","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10215_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac6428","volume":"349","author":"T Shiota","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shiota T, Imai K, Qiu J et al (2015) Molecular architecture of the active mitochondrial protein gate. Science 349:1544\u20131548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aac6428","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10215_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tulisiak CT, Mercado G, Peelaerts W, et al (2019) Can infections trigger alpha-synucleinopathies? In: Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. Elsevier, pp 299\u2013322","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2019.06.002"},{"key":"10215_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.06.001","volume":"89","author":"C Vilari\u00f1o-G\u00fcell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vilari\u00f1o-G\u00fcell C, Wider C, Ross OA et al (2011) VPS35 Mutations in Parkinson Disease. The American Journal of Human Genetics 89:162\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.06.001","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"10215_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46417-2","volume":"15","author":"K Walia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Walia K, Sharma A, Paul S et al (2024) SARS-CoV-2 virulence factor ORF3a blocks lysosome function by modulating TBC1D5-dependent Rab7 GTPase cycle. Nat Commun 15:2053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-46417-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10215_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014352","volume":"86","author":"N Wiedemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wiedemann N, Pfanner N (2017) Mitochondrial Machineries for Protein Import and Assembly. Annu Rev Biochem 86:685\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014352","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10215_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005515","volume":"4","author":"M Xilouri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xilouri M, Vogiatzi T, Vekrellis K et al (2009) Abberant \u03b1-Synuclein Confers Toxicity to Neurons in Part through Inhibition of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy. PLoS ONE 4:e5515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005515","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10215_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4828","volume":"5","author":"E Zavodszky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zavodszky E, Seaman MNJ, Moreau K et al (2014) Mutation in VPS35 associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease impairs WASH complex association and inhibits autophagy. Nat Commun 5:3828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms4828","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10215_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.06.008","volume":"89","author":"A Zimprich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimprich A, Benet-Pag\u00e8s A, Struhal W et al (2011) A Mutation in VPS35, Encoding a Subunit of the Retromer Complex, Causes Late-Onset Parkinson Disease. The American Journal of Human Genetics 89:168\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.06.008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"10215_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","volume":"57","author":"BV Zlokovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zlokovic BV (2008) The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Neuron 57:178\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10215-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10215-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10215-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T18:12:01Z","timestamp":1747937521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10215-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10215-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-1904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-1904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the four participating TIBDN hospitals approved the research (REB# 2024\u20130233-1025, MED-02\u2013011, SUN-5024, and 084\u20130209-Lab-001), and all patients provided informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"CKN was a former employee of Gilead Sciences and was involved in the development of remdesivir. CKN is employed by OneDrug Inc. The author does not have any conflicting interests associated with this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}],"article-number":"58"}}