{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:40:24Z","timestamp":1784821224066,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS040547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS040547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-017-1687-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T01:37:53Z","timestamp":1500860273000},"page":"317-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Control of standing balance at leaning postures with functional neuromuscular stimulation following spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Musa L.","family":"Audu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke M.","family":"Odle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Triolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1687_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1109\/10.83570","volume":"38","author":"JJ Abbas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Abbas JJ, Chizeck HJ (1991) Feedback control of coronal plane hip angle in paraplegic subjects using functional neuromuscular stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 38(7):687\u2013698","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"1687_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1109\/10.469379","volume":"42","author":"JJ Abbas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abbas JJ, Chizeck HJ (1995) Neural network control of functional neuromuscular stimulation systems: computer simulation studies. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42(11):1117\u20131127","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1687_CR3","unstructured":"Adams BM, Bauman LE, Bohnhoff WJ, Dalbey KR, Ebeida MS, Eddy JP, Eldred MS, Hough PD, Hu KT, Jakeman JD, Stephens JA, Swiler LP, Vigil DM, and Wildey TM (2015) Dakota: a multilevel parallel object-oriented framework for design optimization, parameter estimation, etc.: Version 6.0 User\u2019s Manual. Sandia Technical Report SAND2014-4633"},{"key":"1687_CR4","unstructured":"AMTI model OR6-5 biomechanics platform Instruction manual, AMTI, 176 Waltham Street, Watertown, MA 02472, October (2004)"},{"key":"1687_CR5","volume-title":"Feedback systems: an introduction for scientists and engineers","author":"KJ Astrom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Astrom KJ, Murray RM (2012) Feedback systems: an introduction for scientists and engineers. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"issue":"9","key":"1687_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.12.020","volume":"44","author":"ML Audu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Audu ML, Nataraj R, Gartman SJ, Triolo RJ (2011) Posture shifting after spinal cord injury using functional neuromuscular stimulation\u2014a computer simulation study. J Biomech 44(9):1639\u20131645","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"1687_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.06.0150","volume":"51","author":"ML Audu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Audu ML, Gartman SJ, Nataraj R, Triolo RJ (2014) Posture dependent control of stimulation in a standing neuroprosthesis: a simulation feasibility study. J Rehabil Res Dev 51(3):481\u2013496","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"1687_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00012-1","volume":"23","author":"N Bhadra","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bhadra N, Kilgore KL, Peckham PH (2001) Implanted stimulators for restoration of function in spinal cord injury. Med Eng Phys 23:19\u201328","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"1687_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1109\/5.9661","volume":"76","author":"HJ Chizeck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Chizeck HJ, Kobetic R, Marsolais EB, Abbas JJ, Donner IH, Simon E (1988) Control of functional neuromuscular stimulation systems for standing and locomotion in paraplegics. Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng 76(9):1155\u20131165","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"1687_CR10","first-page":"609","volume":"38","author":"JA Davis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davis JA, Triolo RJ, Uhlir JP, Bieri C, Rohde L, Lissy D (2001) Preliminary performance of a surgically implanted neuroprosthesis for standing and transfer. J Rehabil Res Dev 38(6):609\u2013617","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1687_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1109\/86.547928","volume":"4","author":"N Donaldson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Donaldson N, Yu CH (1996) FES standing: control by handle reactions of leg muscle stimulation (CHRELMS). IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 4(4):280\u2013284","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"1687_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M192","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.6.M192","volume":"45","author":"PW Duncan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, Studenski SA (1990) Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance? J Gerontol Med Sci 45(6):M192\u2013M197","journal-title":"J Gerontol Med Sci"},{"key":"1687_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46010","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/6\/4\/046010","volume":"6","author":"LE Fisher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fisher LE, Tyler DJ, Anderson JS, Triolo RJ (2009) Chronic stability and selectivity of four-contact spiral nerve-cuff electrodes in stimulating the human femoral nerve. J Neural Eng. 6:46010","journal-title":"J Neural Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"1687_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2003.822765","volume":"12","author":"H Gollee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gollee H, Hunt KJ, Wood DE (2004) New results in feedback control of unsupported standing in paraplegia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 12(1):73\u201380","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"1687_CR15","unstructured":"Hunt A, Odle B, Audu ML, Lombardo L and Triolo RJ (2016) Reactive stepping with functional neuromuscular stimulation in response to forward directed perturbations. In: 38th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, Orlando, FL (August 16\u201320)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1687_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90133-8","volume":"19","author":"RJ Jaeger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jaeger RJ (1986) Design and simulation of closed-loop electrical stimulation orthoses for restoration of quiet standing in paraplegia. J Biomech 19(10):825\u2013835","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"1687_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.1992.10132189","volume":"4","author":"RJ Jaeger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jaeger RJ (1992) Lower extremity applications of functional neuromuscular stimulation. Assist Technol 4(1):19\u201330","journal-title":"Assist Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1687_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1109\/10.32104","volume":"36","author":"RJ Jaeger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jaeger RJ, Yarkony GM, Smith RM (1989) Standing the spinal cord injured patient by electrical stimulation: refinement of a protocol for clinical use. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 36(7):720\u2013728","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"1687_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2002.806830","volume":"10","author":"RP Jaime","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaime RP, Matjacic Z, Hunt KJ (2002) Paraplegic standing supported by FES-controlled ankle stiffness. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 10(4):239\u2013248","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"1687_CR20","volume-title":"Principles of neural science","author":"E Kandel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kandel E, Schwartz J, Jessell T (2000) Principles of neural science, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York","edition":"4"},{"key":"1687_CR21","unstructured":"Marlin T (2014) Feedforward control, Ch. 15, In: Process control, designing processes and control systems for dynamic performance, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, pp 483\u2013509"},{"issue":"2","key":"1687_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1109\/86.681179","volume":"6","author":"Z Matjaci","year":"1998","unstructured":"Matjaci Z, Bajd T (1998) Arm-free paraplegic standing\u2014Part II: experimental results. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 6(2):139\u2013150","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1687_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(02)00115-7","volume":"25","author":"Z Matjacic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matjacic Z, Hunt K, Gollee H, Sinkjaer T (2003) Control of posture with FES systems. Med Eng Phys 25(1):51\u201362","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"1687_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McConville JT, Churchill TD, Kaleps I, Clauser CE, Cuzzi J (1980) Anthropometric Relationships of Body and Body Segment Moments of Inertia. AFAMRL-TR-80-119, U.S. Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA097238"},{"issue":"4","key":"1687_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1109\/86.650288","volume":"5","author":"M Munih","year":"1997","unstructured":"Munih M, de N Donaldson N, Hunt KJ, Barr FM (1997) Feedback control of unsupported standing in paraplegia\u2013part II: experimental results. IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 5(4):341\u2013352","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Rehab Eng"},{"key":"1687_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/3\/S05","volume":"4","author":"VK Mushahwar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mushahwar VK, Jacobs PL, Normann RA, Triolo RJ, Kleitman N (2007) New functional neuromuscular stimulation approaches to standing and walking. J Neural Eng 4:S181\u2013S197","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"1687_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2083693","volume":"18","author":"R Nataraj","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nataraj R, Audu ML, Kirsch RF, Triolo R (2010) Comprehensive joint feedback control for standing by functional neuromuscular stimulation\u2014a simulation study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 18(6):646\u2013657","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"1687_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.07.0127","volume":"49","author":"R Nataraj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nataraj R, Audu ML, Triolo RJ (2012) Center of mass acceleration feedback control of functional neuromuscular stimulation for standing in presence of internal postural perturbations. J Rehabil Res Dev 49(6):889\u2013912","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1687_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2218601","volume":"60","author":"R Nataraj","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nataraj R, Audu ML, Triolo RJ (2013) Center of mass acceleration feedback control of standing balance by functional neuromuscular stimulation against external postural perturbations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 60(1):10\u201319","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1687_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/634509","volume":"11","author":"R Nataraj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nataraj R, Audu ML, Triolo RJ (2014) Modified Newton\u2013Raphson method to tune feedback gains of control system for standing by functional neuromuscular stimulation following spinal cord injury. Appl Bion Biomech 11:169\u2013174","journal-title":"Appl Bion Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"1687_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1377-5","volume":"54","author":"R Nataraj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nataraj R, Audu ML, Triolo RJ (2016) Simulating the restoration of standing balance at leaning postures with functional neuromuscular stimulation following spinal cord injury. Med Biol Eng Comput 54(1):163\u2013176","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"1687_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90133-1","volume":"77","author":"RJ Triolo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Triolo RJ, Bieri C, Uhlir J, Kobetic R (1996) Implanted FNS systems for assisted standing and transfers for individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 77:1119\u20131128","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"1687_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"R Triolo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Triolo R, Werner K, Kirsch R (2001) Modeling the postural disturbances caused by upper extremity movements. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 9(2):1\u20138","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"1687_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TRE.1998.681176","volume":"6","author":"PH Veltink","year":"1998","unstructured":"Veltink PH, Donaldson N (1998) A perspective on the control of FES-supported standing. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 6(2):109\u2013112","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"1687_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90136-3","volume":"80","author":"M Wernick-Robinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wernick-Robinson M, Krebs DE, Giorgetti MM (1999) Functional reach: does it really measure dynamic balance? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80(3):262\u2013269","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"Supp 1","key":"1687_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90083-Q","volume":"26","author":"FE Zajac","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zajac FE (1993) Muscle coordination of movement: a perspective. J Biomech 26(Supp 1):109\u2013124","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-017-1687-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-017-1687-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-017-1687-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T17:24:49Z","timestamp":1589649889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-017-1687-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-017-1687-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the current study which involved human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}