{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:18:56Z","timestamp":1792729136208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-026-03580-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:14:02Z","timestamp":1780910042000},"page":"2579-2611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["NFSAOA: a new approach of medical brain image fusion using neutrosophic fuzzy set and arithmetic optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Haribabu","family":"Maruturi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velmathi","family":"Guruviah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.12.002","volume":"19","author":"AP James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James AP, Dasarathy BV (2014) Medical image fusion: A survey of the state of the art. Information fusion 19:4\u201319","journal-title":"Information fusion"},{"issue":"7","key":"3580_CR2","first-page":"673","volume":"19","author":"M Haribabu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haribabu M, Guruviah V, Yogarajah P (2023) Recent advancements in multimodal medical image fusion techniques for better diagnosis: an overview. Current Medical Imaging 19(7):673\u2013694","journal-title":"Current Medical Imaging"},{"key":"3580_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.107572","volume":"105","author":"G Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma G, Qiu X, Tan X (2025) Dmfusion: A dual-branch multi-scale feature fusion network for medical multi-modal image fusion. Biomed Signal Process Control 105:107572","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"3580_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.06.013","volume":"64","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang L, Cheng J, Li C, Chen X (2020) Multi-focus image fusion: A survey of the state of the art. Information Fusion 64:71\u201391","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"3580_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2022.105219","volume":"168","author":"F Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao F, Li Y, Zhang P, Zhai Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, An Y (2022) A high-resolution panchromatic-multispectral satellite image fusion method assisted with building segmentation. Comput Geosci 168:105219","journal-title":"Comput Geosci"},{"key":"3580_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180100","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2023.1180100","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang Y, Li F (2023) Infrared and visible image fusion with edge detail implantation. Front Phys 11:1180100","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"3580_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200104)12:4<203::AID-HBM1016>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"12","author":"R Stokking","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stokking R, Zuiderveld KJ, Viergever MA (2001) Integrated volume visualization of functional image data and anatomical surfaces using normal fusion. Hum Brain Mapp 12(4):203\u2013218","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3580_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2010.11.045","volume":"7","author":"C He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He C, Liu Q, Li H, Wang H (2010) Multimodal medical image fusion based on ihs and pca. Procedia Engineering 7:280\u2013285","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"key":"3580_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahu A, Bhateja V, Krishn A et al (2014) Medical image fusion with laplacian pyramids. In: 2014 International conference on medical imaging, m-health and emerging communication systems (MedCom). IEEE 2014:448\u2013453","DOI":"10.1109\/MedCom.2014.7006050"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesit.2014.03.006","volume":"1","author":"AA Suraj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suraj AA, Francis M, Kavya T, Nirmal T (2014) Discrete wavelet transform based image fusion and de-noising in fpga. J Electr Syst Inf Technol 1(1):72\u201381","journal-title":"J Electr Syst Inf Technol"},{"key":"3580_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2012.09.005","volume":"19","author":"R Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh R, Khare A (2014) Fusion of multimodal medical images using daubechies complex wavelet transform-a multiresolution approach. Information fusion 19:49\u201360","journal-title":"Information fusion"},{"key":"3580_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Y, Dang J, Wang Y (2014) Medical image fusion method based on lifting wavelet transform and dual-channel pcnn. In: 2014 9th IEEE conference on industrial electronics and applications, IEEE, pp 1179\u20131182","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2014.6931344"},{"key":"3580_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushwaha A, Khare A, Prakash O, Song J-I, Jeon M (2015) 3d medical image fusion using dual tree complex wavelet transform. In: 2015 international conference on control, automation and information sciences (ICCAIS). IEEE 2015:251\u2013256","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAIS.2015.7338671"},{"key":"3580_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMIV.0000035181.00093.e3","volume":"21","author":"H-H Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang H-H (2004) A new multiwavelet-based approach to image fusion. J Math Imaging Vision 21:177\u2013192","journal-title":"J Math Imaging Vision"},{"issue":"7","key":"3580_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.19082\/4872","volume":"9","author":"SHM Alipour","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alipour SHM, Houshyari M, Mostaar A (2017) A novel algorithm for pet and mri fusion based on digital curvelet transform via extracting lesions on both images. Electron Physician 9(7):4872","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR16","first-page":"6807473","volume":"2017","author":"H Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang H, Feng X, Jiang J (2017) Medical image fusion algorithm based on nonlinear approximation of contourlet transform and regional features. J Electr Comput Eng 2017(1):6807473","journal-title":"J Electr Comput Eng"},{"key":"3580_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20811","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2898111","volume":"7","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Zheng M, Qi G, Wang D, Xiang Y (2019) A phase congruency and local laplacian energy based multi-modality medical image fusion method in nsct domain, Ieee. Access 7:20811\u201320824","journal-title":"Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22294","volume":"29","author":"S Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh S, Anand RS (2019) Multimodal neurological image fusion based on adaptive biological inspired neural model in nonsubsampled shearlet domain. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 29(1):50\u201364","journal-title":"Int J Imaging Syst Technol"},{"key":"3580_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140216","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3013027","volume":"8","author":"C Pei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pei C, Fan K, Wang W (2020) Two-scale multimodal medical image fusion based on guided filtering and sparse representation. IEEE Access 8:140216\u2013140233","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3580_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103823","volume":"123","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Cui Z, Zhu Y (2020) Multi-modal medical image fusion by laplacian pyramid and adaptive sparse representation. Comput Biol Med 123:103823","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"3580_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102852","volume":"69","author":"Y Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao Y, Ma S, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang X (2021) Fusion of medical images based on salient features extraction by pso optimized fuzzy logic in nsst domain. Biomed Signal Process Control 69:102852","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"3580_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2021.803724","volume":"15","author":"S Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu S, Wang M, Yin L, Sun X, Zhang Y-D, Zhao J (2022) Two-scale multimodal medical image fusion based on structure preservation. Front Comput Neurosci 15:803724","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"3580_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen X, Cheng J, Peng H (2017) A medical image fusion method based on convolutional neural networks. In: 2017 20th international conference on information fusion (Fusion). IEEE 2017:1\u20137","DOI":"10.23919\/ICIF.2017.8009769"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7972","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58665-9","volume":"14","author":"N Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang N (2024) Medical image fusion with deep neural networks. Sci Rep 14(1):7972","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3580_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3105725","volume":"34","author":"H Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang H, Liu H, Xu D, Torr PH, Sebe N (2021) Attentiongan: Unpaired image-to-image translation using attention-guided generative adversarial networks. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 34(4):1972\u20131987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"3580_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"You C, Zhao R, Staib LH, Duncan JS (2022) Momentum contrastive voxel-wise representation learning for semi-supervised volumetric medical image segmentation. In: International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention, Springer, pp 639\u2013652","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16440-8_61"},{"key":"3580_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"You C, Xiang J, Su K, Zhang X, Dong S, Onofrey J, Staib L, Duncan JS (2022) Incremental learning meets transfer learning: Application to multi-site prostate mri segmentation. In: International workshop on distributed, collaborative, and federated learning, Springer, pp 3\u201316","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-18523-6_1"},{"issue":"12","key":"3580_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11136","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3461321","volume":"46","author":"C You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You C, Dai W, Liu F, Min Y, Dvornek NC, Li X, Clifton DA, Staib L, Duncan JS (2024) Mine your own anatomy: Revisiting medical image segmentation with extremely limited labels. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 46(12):11136\u201311151","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"3580_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9984","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-0437","volume":"36","author":"C You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You C, Dai W, Min Y, Liu F, Clifton D, Zhou SK, Staib L, Duncan J (2023) Rethinking semi-supervised medical image segmentation: A variance-reduction perspective. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 36:9984\u201310021","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01160-w","volume":"23","author":"M Safari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Safari M, Fatemi A, Archambault L (2023) Medfusiongan: multimodal medical image fusion using an unsupervised deep generative adversarial network. BMC Med Imaging 23(1):203","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01418-x","volume":"24","author":"X Gu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gu X, Xia Y, Zhang J (2024) Multimodal medical image fusion based on interval gradients and convolutional neural networks. BMC Med Imaging 24(1):232","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"3580_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309651","volume":"19","author":"V Allapakam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Allapakam V, Karuna Y (2024) An ensemble deep learning model for medical image fusion with siamese neural networks and vgg-19. PLoS ONE 19(10):e0309651","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68183-3","volume":"14","author":"C Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin C, Chen Y, Feng S, Huang M (2024) A multibranch and multiscale neural network based on semantic perception for multimodal medical image fusion. Sci Rep 14(1):17609","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3580_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.10.011","volume":"20","author":"P Balasubramaniam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balasubramaniam P, Ananthi V (2014) Image fusion using intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Information fusion 20:21\u201330","journal-title":"Information fusion"},{"issue":"5","key":"3580_CR35","first-page":"85","volume":"7","author":"R Soundrapandiyan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soundrapandiyan R, Haldar R, Purushotham S, Pillai A (2016) Multimodality medical image fusion using block based intuitionistic fuzzy sets. IIOAB Journal 7(5):85\u201394","journal-title":"IIOAB Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"3580_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22216","volume":"27","author":"R Soundrapandiyan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soundrapandiyan R, Karuppiah M, Kumari S, Kumar Tyagi S, Wu F, Jung K-H (2017) An efficient dwt and intuitionistic fuzzy based multimodality medical image fusion. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 27(2):118\u2013132","journal-title":"Int J Imaging Syst Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3580_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.17.0116.0568","volume":"39","author":"T Tirupal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tirupal T, Mohan BC, Kumar SS (2017) Multimodal medical image fusion based on sugeno\u2019s intuitionistic fuzzy sets. ETRI J 39(2):173\u2013180","journal-title":"ETRI J"},{"issue":"6","key":"3580_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.35940\/ijitee.F3402.860419","volume":"8","author":"PK Peruru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peruru PK, Madhavi K, Tirupal T (2019) Multimodal medical image fusion based on undecimated wavelet transform and fuzzy sets. Int J Innovative Technol Explor Eng 8(6):7\u2013103","journal-title":"Int J Innovative Technol Explor Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"3580_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22437","volume":"30","author":"T Chaira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaira T (2020) Intuitionistic fuzzy approach for enhancement of low contrast mammogram images. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 30(4):1162\u20131172","journal-title":"Int J Imaging Syst Technol"},{"issue":"14","key":"3580_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142330","volume":"13","author":"M Haribabu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haribabu M, Guruviah V (2023) An improved multimodal medical image fusion approach using intuitionistic fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy cross-correlation. Diagnostics 13(14):2330","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3580_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8(3):338\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Control"},{"key":"3580_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2017.12.011","volume":"51","author":"M Manchanda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manchanda M, Sharma R (2018) An improved multimodal medical image fusion algorithm based on fuzzy transform. J Vis Commun Image Represent 51:76\u201394","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","volume":"20","author":"KT Atanassov","year":"1986","unstructured":"Atanassov KT (1986) Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets Syst 20(1):87\u201396","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst"},{"key":"3580_CR44","unstructured":"Smarandache F (1998) Neutrosophy: neutrosophic probability, set, and logic: analytic synthesis & synthetic analysis"},{"issue":"17","key":"3580_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25927","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10911-2","volume":"80","author":"RS Alghamdi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alghamdi RS, Alshehri NO (2021) Fusion of infrared and visible images using neutrosophic fuzzy sets. Multimedia Tools Appl 80(17):25927\u201325941","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"issue":"03","key":"3580_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793005708001082","volume":"4","author":"H-D Cheng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheng H-D, Guo Y (2008) A new neutrosophic approach to image thresholding. New Math Nat Comput 4(03):291\u2013308","journal-title":"New Math Nat Comput"},{"key":"3580_CR47","first-page":"5017","volume":"11","author":"S Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das S, Roy BK, Kar MB, Kar S, Pamu\u010dar D (2020) Neutrosophic fuzzy set and its application in decision making, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized. Computing 11:5017\u20135029","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"3580_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107307","volume":"106","author":"S Bhat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhat S, Koundal D (2021) Multi-focus image fusion using neutrosophic based wavelet transform. Appl Soft Comput 106:107307","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"3580_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar D, Srivastava PK (2024) Recent development and applications of neutrosophic fuzzy optimization approach. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag, pp 1\u201325","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-023-02243-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"3580_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.10.002","volume":"42","author":"Y Guo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guo Y, Cheng H-D (2009) New neutrosophic approach to image segmentation. Pattern Recogn 42(5):587\u2013595","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"6","key":"3580_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1978.4309999","volume":"8","author":"H Tamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tamura H, Mori S, Yamawaki T (2007) Textural features corresponding to visual perception. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 8(6):460\u2013473","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR52","first-page":"33","volume":"16","author":"T Tirupal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tirupal T, Chandra Mohan B, Srinivas Kumar S (2019) Multimodal medical image fusion based on yager\u2019s intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Iran J Fuzzy Syst 16(1):33\u201348","journal-title":"Iran J Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"2021","key":"3580_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2020.113609","volume":"376","author":"L Abualigah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abualigah L, Diabat A, Mirjalili S, Abd Elaziz M, Gandomi AH (2021) The arithmetic optimization algorithm. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 376(2021):113609","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69997-x","volume":"14","author":"AA Alzahrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alzahrani AA (2024) Enhanced multimodal medical image fusion via modified dwt with arithmetic optimization algorithm. Sci Rep 14(1):19261","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"3580_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22228","volume":"27","author":"DP Bavirisetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bavirisetti DP, Kollu V, Gang X, Dhuli R (2017) Fusion of mri and ct images using guided image filter and image statistics. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 27(3):227\u2013237","journal-title":"Int J Imaging Syst Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3580_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"063004","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.26.6.063004","volume":"26","author":"K Zhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhan K, Xie Y, Wang H, Min Y (2017) Fast filtering image fusion. J Electron Imaging 26(6):063004\u2013063004","journal-title":"J Electron Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3580_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2838778","volume":"68","author":"M Yin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yin M, Liu X, Liu Y, Chen X (2018) Medical image fusion with parameter-adaptive pulse coupled neural network in nonsubsampled shearlet transform domain. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 68(1):49\u201364","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"issue":"3","key":"3580_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2019.2895749","volume":"26","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen X, Ward RK, Wang ZJ (2019) Medical image fusion via convolutional sparsity based morphological component analysis. IEEE Signal Process Lett 26(3):485\u2013489","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"issue":"8","key":"3580_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3390\/e25081215","volume":"25","author":"R Kurban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurban R (2023) Gaussian of differences: a simple and efficient general image fusion method. Entropy 25(8):1215","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"3580_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110434","volume":"143","author":"JR Jebadass","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jebadass JR, Balasubramaniam P (2023) Interval type-2 fuzzy set based block-sbu for image fusion technique. Appl Soft Comput 143:110434","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"3580_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2023.104824","volume":"84","author":"R Premalatha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Premalatha R, Dhanalakshmi P (2023) Robust neutrosophic fusion design for magnetic resonance (mr) brain images. Biomed Signal Process Control 84:104824","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"3580_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-024-03367-y","volume":"18","author":"K Bansal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bansal K, Kumar V, Agrawal C, Tripathy S, Khera SB, Singh G, Panigrahy C, Seal A (2024) Infrared and visible image fusion based on fudpcnn and gravitational force operator. SIViP 18(10):6973\u20136986","journal-title":"SIViP"},{"key":"3580_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120301","volume":"227","author":"Y Jie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jie Y, Li X, Zhou F, Tan H et al (2023) Medical image fusion based on extended difference-of-gaussians and edge-preserving. Expert Syst Appl 227:120301","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"3580_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.108249","volume":"110","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Li X, Cheng X, Tan H (2025) Multimodal medical image fusion based on edge detection and salient feature extraction. Biomed Signal Process Control 110:108249","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"3580_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.108043","volume":"110","author":"W Mei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mei W, He K, Xu D, Zheng S, Zhang J (2025) A lightweight medical image fusion network by structural similarity pseudo labels iteration. Biomed Signal Process Control 110:108043","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"3580_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of ICNN\u201995-international conference on neural networks, ieee vol\u00a04, pp 1942\u20131948","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"3580_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","volume":"69","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A (2014) Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 69:46\u201361","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"3580_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008","volume":"95","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2016) The whale optimization algorithm. Adv Eng Softw 95:51\u201367","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"3580_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.028","volume":"97","author":"AA Heidari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heidari AA, Mirjalili S, Faris H, Aljarah I, Mafarja M, Chen H (2019) Harris hawks optimization: Algorithm and applications. Futur Gener Comput Syst 97:849\u2013872","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03580-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03580-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03580-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1786528965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03580-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03580-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In this paper, the affiliations of the two authors were swapped and have been corrected and updated.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"None","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}