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Ding Wang was a previous employee of Henry Ford Hospital during the conduct of this research, and is currently employed at Merck Research Laboratories and has no financial and non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest\/Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Institutional review board review and approval were not required as the NIS is a publicly available dataset that contains de-identified patient information.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and\/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project-National Inpatient Sample. The Data Use Agreement (\"Agreement\") governs the disclosure and use of data in the nationwide databases from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, please visit () for more information on accessing Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"The analysis was performed using STATA and R software. The code is available upon request.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"RP: conceived and designed the analysis, wrote the manuscript. YAO: conceived and designed the analysis, contributed data or analysis tools, performed the analysis. KW: wrote the manuscript. KS: wrote the manuscript. DW: conceived and supervised this research project through its design, data analysis, contributed critical feedbacks, and manuscript writing and its revision.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions"}}]}}