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L.B. owns stocks in Epic sciences and has served consulting or advisory roles for Genentech\/Roche, Regeneron, Merk, Johnson and Johnson, Daichi, neuvogen, Bayer, Sanofi, ORCIC, Novocure, Mirati, Turning Point Therapeutics, Abbvie, InterVenn Biosciences, and Elevation Oncology. J.A.S., C.W.L., and S.O. are employed by Genentech and own stock in F. Hoffmann-La Roche. A.J.B is a co-founder and consultant to Personalis and NuMedii; is a consultant to Mango Tree Corporation, and in the recent past, Samsung, 10x Genomics, Helix, Pathway Genomics, and Verinata (Illumina); has served on paid advisory panels or boards for Geisinger Health, Regenstrief Institute, Gerson Lehman Group, AlphaSights, Covance, Novartis, Genentech, and Merck, and Roche; is a shareholder in Personalis and NuMedii; is a minor shareholder in Apple, Meta (Facebook), Alphabet (Google), Microsoft, Amazon, Snap, 10x Genomics, Illumina, Regeneron, Sanofi, Pfizer, Royalty Pharma, Moderna, Sutro, Doximity, BioNtech, Invitae, Pacific Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Nuna Health, Assay Depot, and Vet24seven, and several other non-health related companies and mutual funds; and has received honoraria and travel reimbursement for invited talks from Johnson and Johnson, Roche, Genentech, Pfizer, Merck, Lilly, Takeda, Varian, Mars, Siemens, Optum, Abbott, Celgene, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Westat, and many academic institutions, medical or disease-specific foundations and associations, and health systems. A.J.B receives royalty payments through Stanford University, for several patents and other disclosures licensed to NuMedii and Personalis. Atul Butte\u2019s research has been funded by the NIH, Peraton (as the prime on an NIH contract), Genentech, Johnson and Johnson, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Leon Lowenstein Foundation, Intervalien Foundation, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg, the Barbara and Gerson Bakar Foundation, and in the recent past, the March of Dimes, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, California Governor\u2019s Office of Planning and Research, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, L\u2019Oreal, and Progenity. None of these organizations have had any influence on this manuscript. M.W., S.S., and D.D. declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Institutional Review Board (UCSF IRB 21-3390).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy concerns of health records but may be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"The analysis codes for this study have been shared on GitHub [\n                      \n                      ].","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"V.A.R. designed the study and oversaw research development; S.S. and M.W. performed data extractions; V.A.R. and L.B. ensured data quality; M.W. developed statistical methods and analyzed the data; L.B., V.A.R., A.J.B., D.D., J.A.S., C.W.L., and S.O. provided domain knowledge expertise; M.W. and V.R wrote the initial draft of the manuscript; M.W., S.S., L.B., A.J.B., D.D., J.A.S., C.W.L., S.O., and V.A.R. reviewed, edited, and approved the manuscript.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}