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Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD), and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Takahiro Osawa has received lecture fees from Eisai Co., Ltd. and Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD). Sei Naito and Norihiko Tsuchiya have received lecture fees from Pfizer Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD), and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Kojiro Ohba, Kosuke Ueda, Hirohito Naito, and Mikio Sugimoto have received lecture fees from Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD), and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Tsukasa Igawa has received lecture fees from Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD), and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Shintaro Narita has received lecture fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Toshitaka Shin has received lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Takuma Ishihara, Yuya Sekine, Masaharu Oki, Haruka Miyata, Hiroshi Kikuchi, and Shin Kobayashi have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest\/competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hokkaido University (approval number: SEI-022-0346) and by the institutional review boards of all participating institutions. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Because of the retrospective design and the use of de-identified clinical data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived at most institutions; where required by local regulations, written informed consent was obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and\/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because they derive from multi-institutional clinical data, but de-identified data may be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, subject to approval by the participating institutions and applicable data protection regulations.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of data and material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The statistical analysis code (R) used in this study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"T. Inoue and T. Ishihara conceived and designed the study; T. Inoue, KN, TO, S. Naito, KO, KU, YS, MO, HN, HM, HK, SK, S. Narita, NT, MS, and T. Igawa  acquired the data; T. Inoue and T. Ishihara analyzed and interpreted the data and performed the statistical analyses; T. Inoue drafted the manuscript; KN, TO, S. Naito, T. Ishihara, KO, KU, YS, HN, HK, and TS critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; T. Inoue, KN, S. Naito, KO, KU, YS, MO, HN, HM, HK, and SK provided administrative, technical, or material support; TS and T. Ishihara supervised the study.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}