{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:28:47Z","timestamp":1791386927127,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]],"date-time":"2015-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Urban Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T14:11:03Z","timestamp":1439215863000},"page":"966-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Social and Structural Factors Shaping High Rates of Incarceration among Sex Workers in a Canadian Setting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Soc\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Deering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9769","key":"9977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7","volume":"377","author":"S Fazel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fazel S, Baillargeon J. The health of prisoners. Lancet. 2011; 377(9769): 956\u2013965.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"9977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.082842","volume":"89","author":"BJ Bergh van den","year":"2011","unstructured":"van den Bergh BJ, Gatherer A, Fraser A, Moller L. Imprisonment and women\u2019s health: concerns about gender sensitivity, human rights and public health. Bull World Health Organ. 2011; 89(9): 689\u2013694.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"9977_CR3","volume-title":"Women and the criminal justice system","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Women and the criminal justice system. Ottawa, ON: Minister of Industry; 2011."},{"issue":"10","key":"9977_CR4","first-page":"502","volume":"54","author":"RE Martin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martin RE, Buxton JA, Smith M, Hislop TG. The scope of the problem: the health of incarcerated women in BC. BCMJ. 2012; 54(10): 502\u2013508.","journal-title":"BCMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2007.05.004","volume":"17","author":"SS Covington","year":"2007","unstructured":"Covington SS. Women and the criminal justice system. Womens Health Issues. 2007; 17(4): 180\u2013182.","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"9977_CR6","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Aboriginal peoples in Canada: First Nations people, M\u00e9tis and Inuit. National Household Survey, 2011. Minister of Industry. Available at: http:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/nhs-enm\/2011\/as-sa\/99-011-x\/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm . Accessed December 19, 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"9977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0139","volume":"25","author":"AD Fox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fox AD, Anderson MR, Bartlett G, Valverde J, Starrels JL, Cunningham CO. Health outcomes and retention in care following release from prison for patients of an urban post-incarceration transitions clinic. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014; 25(3): 1139\u20131152.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(02)00007-5","volume":"13","author":"T Rhodes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rhodes T. The \u2018risk environment\u2019: a framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. Int J Drug Policy. 2002; 13(2): 85\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182968d39","volume":"63","author":"KN Deering","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deering KN, Lyons T, Feng CX, et al. Client demands for unsafe sex: the socioeconomic risk environment for HIV among street and off-street sex workers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013; 63(4): 522\u2013531.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"9977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1223","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir539","volume":"204","author":"JT Erausquin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erausquin JT, Reed E, Blankenship KM. Police-related experiences and HIV risk among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Infect Dis. 2011; 204(Suppl 5): S1223\u20131228.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054147","volume":"8","author":"MA Pando","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pando MA, Coloccini RS, Reynaga E, et al. Violence as a barrier for HIV prevention among female sex workers in Argentina. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1), e54147.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a811","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a811","volume":"337","author":"T Rhodes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rhodes T, Simic M, Baros S, Platt L, Zikic B. Police violence and sexual risk among female and transvestite sex workers in Serbia: qualitative study. BMJ. 2008; 337: a811.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2939","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2939","volume":"339","author":"K Shannon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shannon K, Kerr T, Strathdee SA, Shoveller J, Montaner JS, Tyndall MW. Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers. BMJ. 2009; 339: b2939.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098042000243110","volume":"41","author":"T Sanders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanders T. The risks of street prostitution: punters, police and protesters. Urban Stud. 2004; 41: 1703\u20131717.","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182a98ee6","volume":"65","author":"SM Goldenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldenberg SM, Chettiar J, Simo A, et al. Early sex work initiation independently elevates odds of HIV infection and police arrest among adult sex workers in a Canadian setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014; 65(1): 122\u2013128.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2012.06.008","volume":"24","author":"L Ti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ti L, Wood E, Shannon K, Feng C, Kerr T. Police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Int J Drug Policy. 2013; 24(1): 46\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"9503","key":"9977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67732-X","volume":"366","author":"ML Rekart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rekart ML. Sex-work harm reduction. Lancet. 2005; 366(9503): 2123\u20132134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.11.024","volume":"19","author":"K Shannon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shannon K, Rusch M, Shoveller J, et al. Mapping violence and policing as an environmental-structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in street-level sex work. Int J Drug Policy. 2008; 19(2): 140\u2013147.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019048","volume":"6","author":"SA Strathdee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Martinez G, et al. Social and structural factors associated with HIV infection among female sex workers who inject drugs in the Mexico-US border region. PLoS One. 2011; 6(4), e19048.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9977_CR20","unstructured":"ProCon.org. 100 countries and their prostitution policies ProCon.org. April 1, 2015. Available at: http:\/\/prostitution.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000772 . Accessed June 8, 2015."},{"key":"9977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platt L, Jolley E, Rhodes T, et al. Factors mediating HIV risk among female sex workers in Europe: a systematic review and ecological analysis. BMJ Open. 2013;3(7). doi: 10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002836 .","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002836"},{"issue":"9962","key":"9977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60931-4","volume":"385","author":"K Shannon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shannon K, Strathdee SA, Goldenberg SM, et al. Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: influence of structural determinants. Lancet. 2015; 385(9962): 55\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9977_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark JL, Konda KA, Silva-Santisteban A, et al. Sampling methodologies for epidemiologic surveillance of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Latin America: an empiric comparison of convenience sampling, time space sampling, and respondent driven sampling. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(12):2338\u201348.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0680-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"9977_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.922","volume":"91","author":"A Stueve","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stueve A, O'Donnell LN, Duran R, San Doval A, Blome J. Time-space sampling in minority communities: results with young Latino men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2001; 91(6): 922\u2013926.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"9977_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-4-20","volume":"4","author":"K Shannon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shannon K, Bright V, Allinott S, et al. Community-based HIV prevention research among substance-using women in survival sex work: the Maka project partnership. Harm Reduct J. 2007; 4: 20.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000042","volume":"9","author":"K Shannon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shannon K, Goldenberg SM, Deering KN, Strathdee SA. HIV infection among female sex workers in concentrated and high prevalence epidemics: why a structural determinants framework is needed. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2014; 9(2): 174\u2013182.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"9977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argento E, Chettiar J, Nguyen P, Montaner J, Shannon K. Prevalence and correlates of nonmedical prescription opioid use among a cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 2015;26(1):59\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.07.010"},{"key":"9977_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"KN Deering","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deering KN, Montaner JS, Chettiar J, et al. Successes and gaps in uptake of regular, voluntary HIV testing for hidden street- and off-street sex workers in Vancouver, Canada. AIDS Care. 2014; 27: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2001.00120.x","volume":"57","author":"W Pan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pan W. Akaike\u2019s information criterion in generalized estimating equations. Biometrics. 2001; 57(1): 120\u2013125.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115","volume":"356","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Stern MF, Deyo RA, et al. Release from prison\u2014a high risk of death for former inmates. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356(2): 157\u2013165.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-4-10","volume":"4","author":"J Olphen van","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Olphen J, Eliason MJ, Freudenberg N, Barnes M. Nowhere to go: how stigma limits the options of female drug users after release from jail. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2009; 4: 10.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"10","key":"9977_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.056325","volume":"95","author":"N Freudenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Freudenberg N, Daniels J, Crum M, Perkins T, Richie BE. Coming home from jail: the social and health consequences of community reentry for women, male adolescents, and their families and communities. Am J Public Health. 2005; 95(10): 1725\u20131736.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.10.010","volume":"25","author":"JD Omura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Omura JD, Wood E, Nguyen P, Kerr T, DeBeck K. Incarceration among street-involved youth in a Canadian study: implications for health and policy interventions. Int J Drug Policy. 2014; 25(2): 291\u2013296.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.2.170","volume":"59","author":"GA Greenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenberg GA, Rosenheck RA. Jail incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: a national study. Psychiatr Serv. 2008; 59(2): 170\u2013177.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00217.x","volume":"103","author":"MM Fichter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fichter MM, Quadflieg N. Prevalence of mental illness in homeless men in Munich, Germany: results from a representative sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001; 103(2): 94\u2013104.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"9977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.7.1207","volume":"94","author":"MJ Robertson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robertson MJ, Clark RA, Charlebois ED, et al. HIV seroprevalence among homeless and marginally housed adults in San Francisco. Am J Public Health. 2004; 94(7): 1207\u20131217.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2011.0169","volume":"26","author":"MJ Milloy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Milloy MJ, Kerr T, Bangsberg DR, et al. Homelessness as a structural barrier to effective antiretroviral therapy among HIV-seropositive illicit drug users in a Canadian setting. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012; 26(1): 60\u201367.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.07.011","volume":"52","author":"C Feng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Feng C, DeBeck K, Kerr T, Mathias S, Montaner J, Wood E. Homelessness independently predicts injection drug use initiation among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. J Adolesc Health. 2013; 52(4): 499\u2013501.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"9977_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1108\/17449201211284987","volume":"8","author":"R Elwood Martin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elwood Martin R, Hanson D, Hemingway C, et al. Homelessness as viewed by incarcerated women: participatory research. Int J Prison Health. 2012; 8(3\/4): 108\u2013116.","journal-title":"Int J Prison Health"},{"key":"9977_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-643","volume":"11","author":"P Duff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duff P, Deering K, Gibson K, Tyndall M, Shannon K. Homelessness among a cohort of women in street-based sex work: the need for safer environment interventions. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 643.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"9977_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.09.015","volume":"73","author":"L Lazarus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lazarus L, Chettiar J, Deering K, Nabess R, Shannon K. Risky health environments: women sex workers\u2019 struggles to find safe, secure and non-exploitative housing in Canada\u2019s poorest postal code. Soc Sci Med. 2011; 73(11): 1600\u20131607.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"9977_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duff P, Shoveller J, Dobrer S, et al. The relationship between social, policy and physical venue features and social cohesion on condom use for pregnancy prevention among sex workers: a safer indoor work environment scale. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69(7):666\u201372.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204427"},{"issue":"6","key":"9977_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300638","volume":"102","author":"A Krusi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krusi A, Chettiar J, Ridgway A, Abbott J, Strathdee SA, Shannon K. Negotiating safety and sexual risk reduction with clients in unsanctioned safer indoor sex work environments: a qualitative study. Am J Public Health. 2012; 102(6): 1154\u20131159.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"9977_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poteat T, Wirtz AL, Radix A, et al. HIV risk and preventive interventions in transgender women sex workers. Lancet. 2015;385(9964):274\u2013286.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60833-3"},{"issue":"9","key":"9977_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.869542","volume":"26","author":"T Lyons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lyons T, Kerr T, Duff P, Feng C, Shannon K. Youth, violence and non-injection drug use: nexus of vulnerabilities among lesbian and bisexual sex workers. AIDS Care. 2014; 26(9): 1090\u20131094.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"9977_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c300d7","volume":"53","author":"BD Marshall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshall BD, Shannon K, Kerr T, Zhang R, Wood E. Survival sex work and increased HIV risk among sexual minority street-involved youth. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010; 53(5): 661\u2013664.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"9977_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0657-z","volume":"18","author":"CJ Reback","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reback CJ, Fletcher JB. HIV prevalence, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors among transgender women recruited through outreach. AIDS Behav. 2014; 18(7): 1359\u20131367.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"9977_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-20","volume":"11","author":"BD Marshall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marshall BD, Wood E, Shoveller JA, Patterson TL, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Pathways to HIV risk and vulnerability among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered methamphetamine users: a multi-cohort gender-based analysis. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 20.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"9977_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302106","volume":"104","author":"L Nuttbrock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nuttbrock L, Bockting W, Rosenblum A, et al. Gender abuse, depressive symptoms, and substance use among transgender women: a 3-year prospective study. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104(11): 2199\u20132206.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.06.008","volume":"25","author":"V Odinokova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Odinokova V, Rusakova M, Urada LA, Silverman JG, Raj A. Police sexual coercion and its association with risky sex work and substance use behaviors among female sex workers in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia. Int J Drug Policy. 2014; 25(1): 96\u2013104.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"9977_CR51","volume-title":"Injustice at every turn: a report of the national transgender discrimination survey","author":"JM Grant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grant JM, Mottet LA, Tanis J, Harrison J, Herman JL, Keisling M. Injustice at every turn: a report of the national transgender discrimination survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force; 2011."},{"key":"9977_CR52","volume-title":"The night is another country: impunity and violence against transgender woman human rights defenders in Latin America","author":"REDLACTRANS, International HIV\/AIDS Alliance","year":"2012","unstructured":"REDLACTRANS, International HIV\/AIDS Alliance. The night is another country: impunity and violence against transgender woman human rights defenders in Latin America. Buenos Aires, Argentina: REDLACTRANS; 2012."},{"issue":"3","key":"9977_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2014.04.012","volume":"19","author":"RL Stotzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stotzer RL. Law enforcement and criminal justice personnel interactions with transgender people in the United States: a literature review. Aggress Violent Behav. 2014; 19(3): 263\u2013277.","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"9977_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-9188-0_12","volume-title":"Handbook of LGBT communities, crime, and justice","author":"J Sumner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sumner J, Jenness V. Gender integration in sex-segregated U.S. prisons: the paradox of transgender correctional policy. In: Peterson D, Panfil VR, eds. Handbook of LGBT communities, crime, and justice. New York, NY: Springer; 2014: 229\u2013259."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9977_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.014","volume":"128","author":"JM Boden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boden JM, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Alcohol misuse and criminal offending: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013; 128(1\u20132): 30\u201336.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9977_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.013","volume":"128","author":"P Dietze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dietze P, Jenkinson R, Aitken C, et al. The relationship between alcohol use and injecting drug use: impacts on health, crime and wellbeing. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013; 128(1\u20132): 111\u2013115.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.575","volume":"68","author":"G Palk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palk G, Davey J, Freeman J. Prevalence and characteristics of alcohol-related incidents requiring police attendance. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007; 68(4): 575\u2013581.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"9977_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2004.10400051","volume":"2","author":"RN Parker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parker RN. Alcohol and violence: connections, evidence and possibilities for prevention. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2004; 2: 157\u2013163.","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"9977_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1282018","volume":"80","author":"MG Proescholdt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proescholdt MG, Walter M, Wiesbeck GA. Alcohol and violence: a current review. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2012; 80(8): 441\u2013449.","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"9977_CR60","volume-title":"Waiting for mommy: giving a voice to the hidden victims of imprisonment","author":"AH Cunningham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cunningham AH, Baker LL. Waiting for mommy: giving a voice to the hidden victims of imprisonment. London, ON: Centre for Children and Families in the Justice Systems; 2003."},{"issue":"3","key":"9977_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146514544173","volume":"55","author":"K Turney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turney K. Stress proliferation across generations? Examining the relationship between parental incarceration and childhood health. J Health Soc Behav. 2014; 55(3): 302\u2013319.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"9977_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00749.x","volume":"112","author":"M Knight","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knight M, Plugge E. The outcomes of pregnancy among imprisoned women: a systematic review. BJOG. 2005; 112(11): 1467\u20131474.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"9977_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/46.2.125","volume":"46","author":"K Siefert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Siefert K, Pimlott S. Improving pregnancy outcome during imprisonment: a model residential care program. Soc Work. 2001; 46(2): 125\u2013134.","journal-title":"Soc Work"},{"key":"9977_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-214","volume":"14","author":"JR Walker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker JR, Hilder L, Levy MH, Sullivan EA. Pregnancy, prison and perinatal outcomes in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective cohort study using linked health data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014; 14: 214.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"9977_CR65","unstructured":"Vis-Dunbar M. Child apprehensions in BC correctional facilities. 2008. http:\/\/bccla.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/2008-BCCLA-Paper-Child-Apprehensions.pdf . Accessed 6 Feb 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2012.12.002","volume":"89","author":"B Figueiredo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Figueiredo B, Dias CC, Brandao S, Canario C, Nunes-Costa R. Breastfeeding and postpartum depression: state of the art review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013; 89(4): 332\u2013338.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"9977_CR67","unstructured":"Horta B, Bahl R, Martines J, Victora C. Evidence on the long-term effects of breastfeeding : systematic review and meta-analyses. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2007."},{"issue":"8","key":"9977_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/9.8.541","volume":"9","author":"D Benoit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Benoit D. Infant-parent attachment: definition, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome. Paediatr Child Health. 2004; 9(8): 541\u2013545.","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730500365928","volume":"7","author":"LA Sroufe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sroufe LA. Attachment and development: a prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood. Attach Hum Dev. 2005; 7(4): 349\u2013367.","journal-title":"Attach Hum Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-014-0011-1","volume":"17","author":"SM Goldenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goldenberg SM, Liu V, Nguyen P, Chettiar J, Shannon K. International migration from non-endemic settings as a protective factor for HIV\/STI risk among female sex workers in Vancouver, Canada. J Immigr Minor Health. 2015; 17(1): 21\u201328.","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-4446.2007.00136.x","volume":"58","author":"T Sanders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanders T, Campbell R. Designing out vulnerability, building in respect: violence, safety and sex work policy. Br J Sociol. 2007; 58(1): 1\u201319.","journal-title":"Br J Sociol"},{"key":"9977_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2015.1008046","volume":"17","author":"S Anderson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anderson S, Jia JX, Liu V, et al. Violence prevention and municipal licensing of indoor sex work venues in the Greater Vancouver Area: narratives of migrant sex workers, managers and business owners. Cult Health Sex. 2015; 17: 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"9977_CR73","unstructured":"Bill C-36: Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act. Parliament of Canada. 2014. http:\/\/www.parl.gc.ca\/HousePublications\/Redirector.aspx?RefererUrl=%2fHousePublications%2fPublication.aspx%3fPub%3dBill%26Doc%3dC-36&File=4 . Accessed 27 Mar 2015."},{"issue":"5","key":"9977_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301909","volume":"104","author":"KN Deering","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deering KN, Amin A, Shoveller J, et al. A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104(5): e42\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9977_CR75","first-page":"e114","volume":"5","author":"T Kerr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kerr T, Soc\u00edas E, Sued O. HIV infection among transgender women: challenges and opportunities. J AIDS Clin Res. 2014; 5(1): e114.","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00425.x","volume":"30","author":"KM Blankenship","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blankenship KM, Koester S. Criminal law, policing policy, and HIV risk in female street sex workers and injection drug users. J Law, Med Ethics. 2002; 30(4): 548\u2013559.","journal-title":"J Law, Med Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"9977_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2010.00535.x","volume":"38","author":"J Csete","year":"2010","unstructured":"Csete J, Cohen J. Health benefits of legal services for criminalized populations: the case of people who use drugs, sex workers and sexual and gender minorities. J Law Med Ethics. 2010; 38(4): 816\u2013831.","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9977_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.069732","volume":"97","author":"L Platt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Platt L, Rhodes T, Judd A, et al. Effects of sex work on the prevalence of syphilis among injection drug users in 3 Russian cities. Am J Public Health. 2007; 97(3): 478\u2013485.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"9977_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1090","volume":"304","author":"K Shannon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shannon K, Csete J. Violence, condom negotiation, and HIV\/STI risk among sex workers. JAMA. 2010; 304(5): 573\u2013574.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"9977_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/1748895814523024","volume":"14","author":"GM Abel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abel GM. A decade of decriminalization: sex work \u2018down under\u2019 but not underground. Crim Criminal Justice. 2014; 14(5): 580\u2013592.","journal-title":"Crim Criminal Justice"},{"key":"9977_CR81","unstructured":"Global Commission on HIV and the Law. HIV and the Law: Risks, Rights & Health. 2012. http:\/\/www.hivlawcommission.org\/resources\/report\/FinalReport-Risks,Rights&Health-EN.pdf . Accessed 27 Mar 2015."}],"container-title":["Journal of Urban Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T01:34:41Z","timestamp":1599442481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-3460","1468-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-3460","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]]}}}