{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:26:48Z","timestamp":1784802408970,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Urban Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-025-00975-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T10:06:45Z","timestamp":1746094005000},"page":"726-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["\u201cThe Place Where Danger Waits\u201d: Ten Years of Incarceration After the 1994 Crime Bill and Cognitive Function among Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-449X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paris B.","family":"Adkins-Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana N.","family":"Gobaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany N.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanisha G.","family":"Hill-Jarrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar Higgins","family":"Tejera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinzi D.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel R.","family":"Hardeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland J.","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudia","family":"Uzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meies-Amor Blagburn","family":"Matz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina F.","family":"Avila-Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Belsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh M.","family":"Babulal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Manly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Szanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirry","family":"Alang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"975_CR1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association. 2022 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\u2019s dement; 2022. https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/facts-figures. Accessed 16 July 2024."},{"issue":"12","key":"975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3543","volume":"79","author":"JJ Manly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manly JJ, Jones RN, Langa KM, et al. Estimating the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the US: the 2016 Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Project. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(12):1242\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3543.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2022.07.008","volume":"70","author":"PB Adkins-Jackson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adkins-Jackson PB, Incollingo Rodriguez AC. Methodological approaches for studying structural racism and its biopsychosocial impact on health. Nurs Outlook. 2022;70(5):725\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.outlook.2022.07.008.","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"issue":"21","key":"975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11233","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111233","volume":"18","author":"DJ Pohl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pohl DJ, Seblova D, Avila JF, et al. Relationship between residential segregation, later-life cognition, and incident dementia across race\/ethnicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21): 11233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182111233.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"975_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dawes DE. Health inequities: a look at the political determinants of health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Health Stud. 2020;35(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47779\/ajhs.2020.191.","DOI":"10.47779\/ajhs.2020.191"},{"issue":"2","key":"975_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146516645924","volume":"57","author":"TN Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown TN, Bell ML, Patterson EJ. Imprisoned by empathy: familial incarceration and psychological distress among African American men in the National Survey of American Life. J Health Soc Behav. 2016;57(2):240\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022146516645924.","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000295","volume":"44","author":"JM Conway","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conway JM. Mass incarceration and children\u2019s health: a state-level analysis of adverse birth outcomes and infant, child, and teen mortality. Fam Community Health. 2021;44(3):194\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000295.","journal-title":"Fam Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"975_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00426-w","volume":"97","author":"S Sealy-Jefferson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sealy-Jefferson S, Butler B, Price-Spratlen T, Dailey RK, Misra DP. Neighborhood-level mass incarceration and future preterm birth risk among African American women. J Urban Health. 2020;97(2):271\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-020-00426-w.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764207307745","volume":"51","author":"RM Brewer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brewer RM, Heitzeg NA. The racialization of crime and punishment: criminal justice, color-blind racism, and the political economy of the prison industrial complex. Am Behav Sci. 2008;51(5):625\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764207307745.","journal-title":"Am Behav Sci"},{"key":"975_CR10","unstructured":"Ogletree Jr CJ, Sarat A, editors. From lynch mobs to the killing state: race and the death penalty in America. NYU Press; 2006."},{"key":"975_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bowleg L, Maria del R\u00edo-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Mbaba M, Boone CA, Holt SL. Negative police encounters and police avoidance as pathways to depressive symptoms among US black men, 2015\u20132016. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(S1):S160\u2013S166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305460.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305460"},{"issue":"2","key":"975_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0136-3","volume":"94","author":"FM Jackson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jackson FM, James SA, Owens TC, et al. Anticipated negative police-youth encounters and depressive symptoms among pregnant African American women: a brief report. J Urban Health. 2017;94(2):259\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-017-0136-3.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"975_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-021-00583-6","volume":"98","author":"A Thompson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thompson A, Baquero M, English D, Calvo M, Martin-Howard S, Rowell-Cunsolo T, Garretson M, Brahmbhatt D. Associations between experiences of police contact and discrimination by the police and courts and health outcomes in a representative sample of adults in New York City. J Urban Health. 2021;98:727\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-021-00583-6.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"975_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2111821","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11821","volume":"4","author":"R Sundaresh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sundaresh R, Yi Y, Harvey TD, et al. Exposure to family member incarceration and adult well-being in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(5): e2111821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11821.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"975_CR15","unstructured":"Carson EA. Prisons report series: preliminary data release. 2023. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/library\/publications\/prisons-report-series-preliminary-data-release#:~:text=At%20yearend%202022%2C%2032%25%20of,Hawaiian%2C%20or%20Other%20Pacific%20Islander. Accessed 16 July 2024."},{"key":"975_CR16","volume-title":"The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness","author":"M Alexander","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alexander M, West C. The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. London, United Kingdom: Penguin Books; 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919854448","volume":"134","author":"AR Branigan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Branigan AR, Wildeman C. Parental incarceration and child overweight: results from a sample of disadvantaged children in the United States. Public Health Rep. 2019;134(4):363\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354919854448.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.055","volume":"226","author":"A Testa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Testa A, Jackson DB. Incarceration exposure during pregnancy and infant health: moderation by public assistance. J Pediatr. 2020;226:251\u2013257.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.055.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6565","key":"975_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj7777","volume":"374","author":"H Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee H, Wildeman C. Assessing mass incarceration\u2019s effects on families. Science. 2021;374(6565):277\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abj7777.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"975_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301504","volume":"104","author":"H Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee H, Wildeman C, Wang EA, et al. A heavy burden: the cardiovascular health consequences of having a family member incarcerated. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(3):421\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301504.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"975_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000284","volume":"33","author":"K Javaherian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javaherian K, Newman BM, Weng H, et al. Examining the complicated relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2019;33(1):15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000284.","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"975_CR22","unstructured":"Clinton WJ. Remarks on signing the violent crime control and law enforcement act of 1994. U. Dayton L. Rev. 1994;20:567. https:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals\/udlr20&div=23&id=&page=. Accessed 16 July 2024."},{"key":"975_CR23","unstructured":"National Institute of Justice. Correctional Facilities. n.d. https:\/\/nij.ojp.gov\/topics\/corrections\/correctional-facilities. Accessed 16 July 2024."},{"key":"975_CR24","unstructured":"Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. 108 Stat. 1796. 1994; Pub. L. No. 103\u2013322. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/103\/statute\/STATUTE-108\/STATUTE-108-Pg1796.pdf. Access 16 July 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"975_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","volume":"43","author":"A Sonnega","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonnega A, Faul JD, Ofstedal MB, Langa KM, Phillips JW, Weir DR. Cohort profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(2):576\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyu067.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"975_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000087448","volume":"25","author":"KM Langa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langa KM, Plassman BL, Wallace RB, et al. The aging, demographics, and memory study: study design and methods. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25(4):181\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000087448.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"975_CR27","unstructured":"GitHub - vera-institute\/incarceration-trends: incarceration trends dataset and documentation. n.d.-b. https:\/\/github.com\/vera-institute\/incarceration-trends. Accessed 17 Jan 2023."},{"key":"975_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandt J, Spencer M, Folstein M. The telephone interview for cognitive status. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1988;1(2):111\u20138.","DOI":"10.1037\/t28542-000"},{"issue":"5","key":"975_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23691","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23691","volume":"34","author":"MK Austin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Austin MK, White II, Kim AW. Parental incarceration and child physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood: a critical review and multilevel model of potential pathways. Am J Hum Biol. 2022;34(5): e23691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.23691.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"975_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100710","volume":"12","author":"RR Weidner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weidner RR, Schultz J. Examining the relationship between U.S. incarceration rates and population health at the county level. SSM. 2020;12: 100710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100710.","journal-title":"SSM."},{"key":"975_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massoglia M, Remster B. Linkages between incarceration and health. Public Health Reports. 2019;134(1_suppl):8S\u201314S.","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919826563"},{"issue":"12","key":"975_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac138","volume":"77","author":"RJA Cox","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cox RJA, Wallace RB. The role of incarceration as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2022;77(12):e247\u201362.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"975_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1515\/fhep-2021-0058","volume":"25","author":"SM Monnat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monnat SM, Elo IT. Enhancing the utility of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to identify drivers of rising mortality rates in the United States. Forum Health Econ Policy. 2022;25(1\u20132):57\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/fhep-2021-0058.","journal-title":"Forum Health Econ Policy"},{"key":"975_CR34","unstructured":"Gaye A, Stover ER, Gaye MP. Flyin\u2019 high (in the friendly sky).\u00a0New York, New York: Sony\/ATV Music Publishing, LLC; 1971."}],"container-title":["Journal of Urban Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-025-00975-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11524-025-00975-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-025-00975-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T12:53:31Z","timestamp":1757163211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11524-025-00975-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-025-00975-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-3460","1468-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-3460","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}