{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1781092213058,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA054990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA054990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DA029926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DA029926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DA011041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DA011041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Urban Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our team developed content in English and Spanish for a technology-based intervention designed to increase vaccination against COVID-19 among people who inject drugs. From 2022 through 2024, we recruited 545 participants via peer referral, all of whom reported past 90-day injection drug use. Participants completed a tablet-based intervention, and software asked if they would like to vaccinate against COVID. Participants who did not vaccinate at the first visit received follow-up text messages. Participants who completed the intervention in Spanish were more than 2.5 times as likely to vaccinate at first visit (OR 2.525, 95% CI [1.059\u20136.076],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039), and 57% more likely to vaccinate at follow-up (OR 1.576, 95% CI [0.441\u20135.630],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.484) compared to those who completed in English. These findings highlight the importance of developing intervention materials in languages beyond English. Research is warranted to understand how developing content in other languages may influence health outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-025-01050-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:58:26Z","timestamp":1770479906000},"page":"12-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing Spanish Language Intervention Content to Address Health Disparities among People Who Use Drugs, and Other Hard-To-Reach Populations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian David","family":"Aronson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Quiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittney","family":"Vargas-Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Synn","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunki","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biancarelli DL, et al. Strategies used by people who inject drugs to avoid stigma in healthcare settings. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;198:80\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.037"},{"key":"1050_CR2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP24-07-021, NSDUH Series H-59). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2024. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report."},{"key":"1050_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan AE, et al. Drug overdose death following substance use disorder treatment termination in New York City: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. J Urban Health. 2024;101(5):1045\u201357.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-024-00893-5"},{"key":"1050_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan GK, et al. Integration of a community-based harm reduction program into a safety net hospital: a qualitative study. Harm Reduct J. 2022;19(1):35.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00622-8"},{"key":"1050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chipman SA, Meagher K, Barwise AK. A public health ethics framework for populations with limited English proficiency. Am J Bioeth. 2024;24(11):50\u201365.","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2023.2224263"},{"key":"1050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sentell, T. and K.L. Braun. Low health literacy, limited English proficiency, and health status in Asians, Latinos, and other racial\/ethnic groups in California. J Health Commun. 2012; 17 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):82\u201399.","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2012.712621"},{"key":"1050_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez J, et al. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of health literacy interventions among Spanish speaking populations in the United States. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1\u201349.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19166-6"},{"key":"1050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escobedo LE, Cervantes L, Havranek E. Barriers in healthcare for Latinx patients with limited English proficiency-a narrative review. J Gen Intern Med. 2023;38(5):1264\u201371.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07995-3"},{"key":"1050_CR9","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2023 National survey on drug use and health: among the hispanic or Latino Population Aged 12 or Older.\u00a0Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2024. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/rpt44472\/2022-nsduh-popslides-hispanic.pdf. Accessed 22 Dec 2025."},{"key":"1050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olaya F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the dissemination of an mHealth intervention for improving health outcomes: the WiseApp for Spanish-speakers living with HIV study protocol. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):201.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17538-y"},{"key":"1050_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilera A, et al. Effectiveness of a digital health intervention leveraging reinforcement learning: results from the Diabetes and Mental Health Adaptive Notification Tracking and Evaluation (DIAMANTE) randomized clinical trial. J Med Internet Res. 2024;26:1\u201311.","DOI":"10.2196\/60834"},{"key":"1050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker S, et al. Differences by race and ethnicity in drug use patterns, harm reduction practices and barriers to treatment among people who use drugs in Rhode Island. Harm Reduct J. 2025;22(1):38.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-025-01191-2"},{"key":"1050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aronson ID, et al. Using the participatory education and research into lived experience (PEARLE) methodology to localize content and target specific populations. Front Digit Health. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2022.992519.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.992519"},{"key":"1050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aronson ID, Quiles R, Cramer A, Fong C, Gibson B, Vargas-Estrella B, Stern S, Bennett AS. Designing and evaluating a technology-based intervention to address deep ambivalence about COVID vaccination among people who inject drugs. Health Educ Res. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/her\/cyaf052.","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyaf052"},{"key":"1050_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bia\u0142ek M. The bilingual patient\u2019s dilemma: same question, different answer. 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