{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:20:32Z","timestamp":1780496432245,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA051849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA051849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI042853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI042853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Urban Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-025-01057-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:13:28Z","timestamp":1770822808000},"page":"286-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Health Toll of Encampment Sweeps: A Descriptive Analysis of People Who Use Drugs in Massachusetts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Leah C.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuni S.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darien M.","family":"Sproesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Krakower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Bordeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Mimiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Bositis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5017-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie B.","family":"Biello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1057_CR1","unstructured":"de Sousa T, Henry M, Khadduri J. The 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Office of Community Planning and Development; 2024. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2024-AHAR-Part-1.pdf. Accessed 20 Aug 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR2","unstructured":"Washington A of. Encampment sweeps: what they are and the harm they cause. ACLU of Washington. January 11, 2023. https:\/\/www.aclu-wa.org\/story\/encampment-sweeps-what-they-are-and-harm-they-cause%C2%A0. Accessed 14 Jul 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR3","unstructured":"Displacement of Encampments. https:\/\/www.apha.org\/policy-and-advocacy\/public-health-policy-briefs\/policy-database\/2024\/01\/16\/displacement-of-encampments. Accessed 14 Jul 2025."},{"issue":"14","key":"1057_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.27922","volume":"333","author":"RD Assaf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Assaf RD, Morris MD, Straus ER, Martinez P, Philbin MM, Kushel M. Illicit substance use and treatment access among adults experiencing homelessness. JAMA. 2025;333(14):1222\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.27922.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1057_CR5","unstructured":"The Rehousing Data Collective Public Dashboard | Mass.gov. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/info-details\/the-rehousing-data-collective-public-dashboard. Accessed 18 Jul 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR6","unstructured":"They\u2019re throwing us out: Boston begins clearing encampment at Mass. and Cass. GBH. October 30, 2023. https:\/\/www.wgbh.org\/news\/local\/2023-10-30\/theyre-throwing-us-out-boston-begins-clearing-encampment-at-mass-and-cass. Accessed 18 Jul 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR7","unstructured":"Jolicoeur L. Longtime homeless encampment in Lowell is razed. BUR. https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/news\/2025\/04\/22\/lowell-homeless-encampment-sweep-river. Accessed 22 Apr 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR8","unstructured":"Nunes A. \u201cWe are done letting this happen\u201d: Protesters demand an end to encampment sweeps in Massachusetts. The Berkeley Beacon. https:\/\/berkeleybeacon.com\/we-are-done-letting-this-happen-protesters-demand-an-end-to-encampment-sweeps-in-massachusetts\/. Accessed 5 Feb 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR9","volume-title":"Harm Reduction in the Commonwealth: Analysis of Opportunities to Save Lives","author":"TC Green","year":"2024","unstructured":"Green TC, Nace K. Harm Reduction in the Commonwealth: Analysis of Opportunities to Save Lives. RIZE Massachusetts; 2024. https:\/\/www.rizema.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Harm-Reduction-in-the-Commonwealth-Executive-Summary_11_26_24.pdf."},{"key":"1057_CR10","unstructured":"Syringe service programs | Mass.gov. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/syringe-service-programs. Accessed 14 Nov 2024."},{"key":"1057_CR11","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Data brief: opioid-related overdose deaths among massachusetts residents. Department of Public Health; 2024. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/doc\/opioid-related-overdose-deaths-among-ma-residents-june-2024-0\/download. Accessed 20 Aug 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR12","unstructured":"Trump DJ. Ending Crime and Disorder on America\u2019s Streets. The White House; 2025. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/07\/ending-crime-and-disorder-on-americas-streets\/. Accessed 2 Dec 2025."},{"key":"1057_CR13","unstructured":"Housing not handcuffs: ending the criminalization of homelessness in U.S. cities. National Law center on Homelessness & Poverty; 2018. https:\/\/homelesslaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Housing-Not-Handcuffs.pdf. Accessed 20 Aug 2025."},{"issue":"14","key":"1057_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07471-y","volume":"37","author":"D Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi D, Abri K, Mukherjee MR, et al. Health impact of street sweeps from the perspective of healthcare providers. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(14):3707\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07471-y.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"1057_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.4800","volume":"329","author":"JA Barocas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barocas JA, Nall SK, Axelrath S, et al. Population-level health effects of involuntary displacement of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness who inject drugs in US cities. JAMA. 2023;329(17):1478\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.4800.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1057_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2022.100064","volume":"2","author":"JS Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang JS, Riley PB, Aguirre RJ, et al. Harms of encampment abatements on the health of unhoused people. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health. 2022;2:100064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2022.100064.","journal-title":"SSM - Qualitative Research in Health"},{"key":"1057_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldshear JL, Corsi KF, Ceasar RC, et al. Housing and displacement as risk factors for negative health outcomes among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles, CA, and Denver, CO, USA. Res Sq. Published online August 17, 2024:rs.3.rs-4758949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4758949\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4758949\/v1"},{"issue":"6","key":"1057_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.17095","volume":"8","author":"H Zwick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zwick H, O\u2019Dea R, Barocas JA, et al. Health and economic outcomes of addressing encampments of individuals using opioids. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(6):e2517095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.17095.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1057_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13227-4","volume":"22","author":"JC Chiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiang JC, Bluthenthal RN, Wenger LD, Auerswald CL, Henwood BF, Kral AH. Health risk associated with residential relocation among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13227-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1057_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.01040","volume":"43","author":"M Mayer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mayer M, Mejia Urieta Y, Martinez LS, Komaromy M, Hughes U, Chatterjee A. Encampment clearings and transitional housing: a qualitative analysis of resident perspectives. Health Aff. 2024;43(2):218\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.01040.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"1057_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15429-w","volume":"23","author":"AR Bazzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bazzi AR, Bordeu M, Baumgartner K, et al. Study protocol for an efficacy trial of the \u201cPrEP for Health\u201d intervention to increase HIV PrEP use among people who inject drugs. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15429-w.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1057_CR22","unstructured":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Criteria and recordkeeping requirements for definition of homelessness. HUD Exchange. January 2012. https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/resource\/1974\/criteria-and-recordkeeping-requirements-for-definition-of-homeless.\u00a0Accessed 24 Jul 2025."},{"issue":"6","key":"1057_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(09)70864-3","volume":"50","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, L\u00f6we B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ\u20134. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(6):613\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0033-3182(09)70864-3.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1057_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","volume":"52","author":"G Zimet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zimet G, Dahlem N, Zimet S, Farley G. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52(1):30\u201341.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"}],"container-title":["Journal of Urban Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-025-01057-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11524-025-01057-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-025-01057-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:32:50Z","timestamp":1780493570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11524-025-01057-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-025-01057-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-3460","1468-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-3460","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The funding sources played no role in study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Role of the Funder\/Sponsor"}}]}}