{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:20:28Z","timestamp":1787952028402,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada Graduate Research Scholarship - Master's"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Boyle Street Community Services","award":["Subcontract"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Subcontract"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Urban Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-026-01094-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T16:07:02Z","timestamp":1782576422000},"page":"649-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating the CBD: How Urban Risk Environment Shapes Daily Life for People Who Use Drugs in Edmonton\u2019s Central Business District"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"R. Marcus","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginetta","family":"Salvalaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace I. J.","family":"Nykiforuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Hyshka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1094_CR1","unstructured":"Federal, Provincial, and Territorial Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses. Opioid- and stimulant-related harms in Canada. Ottawa (ON): Public Health Agency of Canada; 2026 March. Available from: https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/substance-related-harms\/opioids-stimulants\/. Accessed 10 Mar 2026."},{"key":"1094_CR2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. Apparent opioid and stimulant toxicity deaths: surveillance of opioid and stimulant-related harms in Canada. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/substance-related-harms\/opioids-stimulants\/. Accessed 15 Sept 2023."},{"key":"1094_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.38.6.02","volume":"38","author":"L Belzak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belzak L, Halverson J. The opioid crisis in Canada: a national perspective. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2018;38:224\u201333.","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can"},{"key":"1094_CR4","unstructured":"Government of Alberta. Substance use surveillance data. Last updated 2025 Mar. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.alberta.ca\/substance-use-surveillance-data#jumplinks-0. Accessed 05 Apr 2025."},{"key":"1094_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rice GA. Central Business District. In: Kitchin R, Thrift N, editors. International encyclopedia of human geography. Elsevier; 2009. p. 18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-008044910-4.01041-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044910-4.01041-5"},{"key":"1094_CR6","unstructured":"Toews O. Stolen City: Racial Capitalism and the Making of Winnipeg. Winnipeg (MB): ARP Books; 2018. Accessed 23 Apr 2023."},{"issue":"6","key":"1094_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/01937235221094063","volume":"46","author":"J Scherer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scherer J, Kafara R, Davidson J. A few weeks in dirt city: sport-related gentrification, mobilizing resistance, and the art of failure in Edmonton, Alberta. J Sport Soc Issues. 2022;46(6):499\u2013523.","journal-title":"J Sport Soc Issues"},{"key":"1094_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agnew J. Space and Place. In: Agnew J, Livingstone D, editors. Handbook of geographical Knowledge. London: Sage. 2011;343\u201360. Accessed 08 Oct 2024","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446201091"},{"key":"1094_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parkin, S. Habitus and drug using environments: health, place and lived-experience. London: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315586052","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315586052"},{"issue":"3","key":"1094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.11.008","volume":"25","author":"AN Martinez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martinez AN, Lorvick J, Kral AH. Activity spaces among injection drug users in San Francisco. Int J Drug Policy. 2014;25(3):516\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.11.008.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg082","author":"S Galea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galea S, Ahern J, Vlahov D. Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: a theoretic framework. J Urban Health. 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jurban\/jtg082.","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"1094_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00237","volume":"5","author":"CM Cleland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cleland CM, Lanza ST, Vasilenko SA, Gwadz M. Syndemic risk classes and substance use problems among adults in high-risk urban areas: a latent class analysis. Front Public Health. 2017;5: 237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00237.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1094_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2004.02.005","volume":"11","author":"C Hembree","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hembree C, Galea S, Ahern J, et al. The urban built environment and overdose mortality in New York City neighborhoods. Health Place. 2005;11(2):147\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2004.02.005.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"2","key":"1094_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230500102509","volume":"24","author":"S Galea","year":"2005","unstructured":"Galea S, Rudenstine S, Vlahov D. Drug use, misuse, and the urban environment. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005;24(2):127\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09595230500102509.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"1094_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102578","volume":"69","author":"JM Ezell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ezell JM, Ompad DC, Walters S. How urban and rural built environments influence the health attitudes and behaviors of people who use drugs. Health Place. 2021;69: 102578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102578.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"1094_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.02.002","volume":"20","author":"B Tempalski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tempalski B, McQuie H. Drugscapes and the role of place and space in injection drug use-related HIV risk environments. Int J Drug Policy. 2009;20(1):4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.02.002.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1094_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990601175102","volume":"33","author":"I McKnight","year":"2007","unstructured":"McKnight I, Maas B, Wood E, et al. Factors associated with public injecting among users of Vancouver\u2019s supervised injection facility. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007;33:319\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"1094_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(02)00007-5","volume":"13","author":"T Rhodes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rhodes T. The \u2018risk environment\u2019: a framework for understanding and reducing drug-related harm. Int J Drug Policy. 2002;13(2):85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0955-3959(02)00007-5.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1094_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112384","volume":"234","author":"AB Collins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collins AB, Boyd J, Cooper HLF, McNeil R. The intersectional risk environment of people who use drugs. Soc Sci Med. 2019;234: 112384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112384.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1094_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.08.002","volume":"20","author":"C Duff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duff C. The drifting city: the role of affect and repair in the development of \u201cenabling environments.\u201d Int J Drug Policy. 2009;20(3):202\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.08.002.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1094_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.10.003","volume":"20","author":"T Rhodes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rhodes T. Risk environments and drug harms: a social science for harm reduction approach. Int J Drug Policy. 2009;20(3):193\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.10.003.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1094_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Knoblauch, H. Focused ethnography.\u00a0Forum qualitative sozialforschung forum: qualitative social research. 2005;6(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17169\/fqs-6.3.20","DOI":"10.17169\/fqs-6.3.20"},{"key":"1094_CR23","unstructured":"Wall, S. Focused ethnography: a methodological adaptation for social research in emerging contexts. Forum qualitative sozialforschung forum: qualitative social research. 2015;16(1). Available from https:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs150111. Accessed 12 Feb 2023"},{"key":"1094_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-018-0376-z","volume":"16","author":"J Baumbusch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baumbusch J, Wu S, Lauck SB, et al. Exploring the synergies between focused ethnography and integrated knowledge translation. Health Res Policy Syst. 2018;16:103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12961-018-0376-z.","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"1094_CR25","unstructured":"Sandor, S. Downtown growth has stalled - and tensions are mounting. Urban Affairs. 2024. Available from https:\/\/urbanaffairs.ca\/edmonton-ish\/downtown-growth-has-stalled-and-tensions-are-mounting\/. Accessed 20 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1094_CR26","unstructured":"Delaney, Z. Is Edmonton\u2019s downtown too big? Size matters, experts say. Edmonton Journal. 2024, Nov 1. Available from https:\/\/edmontonjournal.com\/news\/local-news\/is-edmontons-downtown-too-big-edba. Accessed 20 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1094_CR27","unstructured":"PWC. The impact of the pandemic on the downtown areas of Canada\u2019s six major cities. 2021. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/ca\/en\/deals\/publications\/950628-the-impact-of-the-pandemic-on-the-downtown-areas-of-canada-s-six-major-cities-en.pdf. Accessed 20 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1094_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.027","volume":"176","author":"W Damon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Damon W, Callon C, Wiebe L, Small W, Kerr T, Mcneil R. Community-based participatory research in a heavily researched inner city neighbourhood: perspectives of people who use drugs on their experiences as peer researchers. Soc Sci Med. 2017;176:85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.027.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1094_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","volume":"62","author":"S Elo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elo S, Kyng\u00e4s H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"1094_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2017.08.001","volume":"7","author":"C Erlingsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erlingsson C, Brysiewicz P. A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. Afr J Emerg Med. 2017;7:93\u20139.","journal-title":"Afr J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1094_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1094_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12048","volume":"15","author":"M Vaismoradi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaismoradi M, Turunen H, Bondas T. Content analysis and thematic analysis: implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nurs Health Sci. 2013;15(3):398\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nhs.12048.","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1094_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1990339","volume":"57","author":"EUE Nelson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nelson EUE. Rationalities of space and drug-related harms: accounts of people who inject drugs in Nigeria. Substance use & misuse. 2022;57(1):114\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2021.1990339.","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"1094_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bardwell G, Mansoor M, Van Zwietering A, et al. The \u201cgoldfish bowl\u201d: a qualitative study of the effects of heightened surveillance on people who use drugs in a rural and coastal Canadian setting. Harm Reduct J.\u00a02022; 19(136). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-022-00725-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00725-2"},{"key":"1094_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.03.020","volume":"228","author":"J Proudfood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Proudfood J. Traumatic landscapes: two geographies of addiction. Soc Sci Med. 2019;228:194\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.03.020.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1094_CR36","unstructured":"Situate. City of Edmonton. Edmonton\u2019s Urban Wellness Plan: Recover. 2019. https:\/\/www.gov.edmonton.ab.ca\/public-files\/assets\/document?path%3DPDF\/PublicRealmWorkshopsReportMarch2019.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1758314332269147&usg=AOvVaw2SqLjGd1XKGCwzZ_RfIbE. Accessed 04 Dec 2024."}],"container-title":["Journal of Urban Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-026-01094-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11524-026-01094-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11524-026-01094-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:51:25Z","timestamp":1787950285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11524-026-01094-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-026-01094-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-3460","1468-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-3460","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}