{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T19:22:04Z","timestamp":1778700124405,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Grant Commission (UGC)"},{"name":"National Board of Higher Mathematics (NBHM)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull Math Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-017-0274-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T16:35:06Z","timestamp":1490805306000},"page":"1100-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Mathematical Study to Control Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Application to South Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Indrajit","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tridip","family":"Sardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joydev","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"274_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2009.02.028","volume":"45","author":"A Abate","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abate A, Tiwari A, Sastry S (2009) Box invariance in biologically-inspired dynamical systems. Automatica 45:1601\u20131610","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2003.00420.x","volume":"17","author":"B Alexander","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alexander B, Maroli M (2003) Control of phlebotomine sandflies. Med Vet Entomol 17(1):1\u201318","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0202.960213","volume":"2","author":"JR Arias","year":"1996","unstructured":"Arias JR, Monteiro PS, Zicker F (1996) The reemergence of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2(2):145","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.53","volume":"59","author":"DA Ashford","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ashford DA, David JR, Freire M, David R, Sherlock I, Eul\u00e1lio MDC, Sampaio DP, Badaro R (1998) Studies on control of visceral leishmaniasis: impact of dog control on canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59(1):53\u201357","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"274_CR5","unstructured":"Biodiversity and infectious diseases (2016). http:\/\/www.chgeharvard.org\/topic\/ [Online Accessed 28\/4\/2016]"},{"issue":"4","key":"274_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001019","volume":"5","author":"PM Boggiatto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boggiatto PM, Gibson-Corley KN, Metz K, Gallup JM, Hostetter JM, Mullin K, Petersen CA (2011) Transplacental transmission of Leishmania infantum as a means for continued disease incidence in North America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(4):e1019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"274_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339098000224","volume":"6","author":"MN Burattini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burattini MN, Coutinho FAB, Lopez LF, Massad E (1998) Modelling the dynamics of leishmaniasis considering human, animal host and vector populations. J Biol Syst 6(4):337\u2013356","journal-title":"J Biol Syst"},{"key":"274_CR8","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016) United States Department of Labor. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ , 2016. [Online Accessed 22\/2\/2016]"},{"issue":"9","key":"274_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2443","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002443","volume":"7","author":"C Casanova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Casanova C, Andrighetti MTM, Sampaio SMP, Marcoris MLG, Colla-Jacques FE, Prado AP (2013) Larval breeding sites of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in visceral leishmaniasis endemic urban areas in southeastern Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(9):e2443","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1136-3","volume":"8","author":"LA Chapman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chapman LA, Dyson L, Courtenay O, Chowdhury R, Bern C, Medley GF, Hollingsworth TD (2015) Quantification of the natural history of visceral leishmaniasis and consequences for control. Parasites Vectors 8(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"11","key":"274_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","volume":"5","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, Alvar J, Boelaert M (2007) Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol 5(11):873\u2013882","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62866","volume":"2","author":"DM Claborn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Claborn DM (2010) The biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors. J Glob Infect Dis 2(2):127","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.125","volume":"55","author":"C Dye","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dye C (1996) The logic of visceral leishmaniasis control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55(2):125\u2013130","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"274_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90013-2","volume":"82","author":"C Dye","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dye C, Wolpert DM (1988) Earthquakes, influenza and cycles of Indian kala-azar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 82(6):843\u2013850","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"274_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2010.07.069","volume":"217","author":"IM ELmojtaba","year":"2010","unstructured":"ELmojtaba IM, Mugisha JYT, Hashim MHA (2010) Mathematical analysis of the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis in the Sudan. Appl Math Comput 217:2567\u20132578","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.2589","volume":"36","author":"IM ELmojtaba","year":"2013","unstructured":"ELmojtaba IM, Mugisha JYT, Hashim MHA (2013) Vaccination model for visceral leishmaniasis with infective immigrants. Math Methods Appl Sci 36(2):216\u2013226","journal-title":"Math Methods Appl Sci"},{"key":"274_CR17","unstructured":"European centre for disease prevention and control (2014) Phlebotomine sandflies. http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/healthtopics\/vectors\/sanflies\/Pages\/sandflies.aspx"},{"key":"274_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fialho RF, Schall JJ (1995) Thermal ecology of a malarial parasite and its insect vector: consequences for the parasite\u2019s transmission success. J Anim Ecol 64(5):553\u2013562","DOI":"10.2307\/5799"},{"key":"274_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2008.05.002","volume":"215","author":"SM Garba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garba SM, Gumel AB, Bakar MRA (2008) Backward bifurcations in dengue transmission dynamics. Math Biosci 215:11\u201325","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"274_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258411","volume-title":"Bayesian data analysis","author":"A Gelman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gelman A, Carlin J, Stern HS, Rubin DB (1995) Bayesian data analysis. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton"},{"key":"274_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0042","volume":"2","author":"JM Heffernan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heffernan JM, Smith RJ, Wahl LM (2005) Perspectives on the basic reproductive ratio. J R Soc Interface 2:281\u2013293","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0711","volume":"89","author":"S Islam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Islam S, Kenah E, Bhuiyan MAA, Rahman KM, Goodhew B, Ghalib CM et al (2013) Clinical and immunological aspects of Post\u2013Kala\u2013Azar Dermal leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89(2):345\u2013353","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-54","volume":"7","author":"AB Joshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joshi AB, Das ML, Akhter S, Chowdhury R, Mondal D, Kumar V, Das P, Kroeger A, Boelaert M, Petzold M (2009) Chemical and environmental vector control as a contribution to the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent: cluster randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. BMC Med 7(1):1","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"274_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2008.02.005","volume":"213","author":"JC Kamgang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kamgang JC, Sallet G (2008) Computation of threshold conditions for epidemiological models and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE). Math Biosci 213:1\u201312","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0270","volume":"21","author":"A Kealey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kealey A, Smith R (2010) Neglected tropical diseases: infection, modeling, and control. J Health Care Poor Unders 21(1):53\u201369","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Unders"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0396(68)90048-X","volume":"4","author":"JP LaSalle","year":"1968","unstructured":"LaSalle JP (1968) Stability theory for ordinary differential equations. J Differ Equ 4(1):57\u201365","journal-title":"J Differ Equ"},{"key":"274_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420011418","volume-title":"Optimal control applied to biological models","author":"S Lenhart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lenhart S, Workman JT (2007) Optimal control applied to biological models. CRC Press, Boca Raton"},{"issue":"19","key":"274_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305133281904","volume":"328","author":"AJ Magill","year":"1993","unstructured":"Magill AJ, Grogl M, Gasser RA Jr, Sun W, Oster CN (1993) Visceral infection caused by leishmania tropica in veterans of operation desert storm. N Engl J Med 328(19):1383\u20131387","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"274_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.04.011","volume":"254","author":"S Marino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marino S, Hogue IB, Ray CJR, Kirschner DE (2008) A methodology for performing global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in systems biology. J Theor Biol 254:178\u2013196","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"274_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000818","volume":"4","author":"F Meheus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meheus F, Balasegaram M, Olliaro P, Sundar S, Rijal S, Faiz MA, Boelaert M (2010) Cost-effectiveness analysis of combination therapies for visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(9):e818","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"274_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1725","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001725","volume":"6","author":"A Moncaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moncaz A, Faiman R, Kirstein O, Warburg A (2012) Breeding sites of Phlebotomus sergenti, the sand fly vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Judean Desert. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(7):e1725","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62883","volume":"2","author":"EM Moore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moore EM, Lockwood DN (2010) Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. J Glob Infect Dis 2(2):151\u2013158","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"274_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.4.538","volume":"32","author":"AC Morrison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morrison AC, Ferro C, Pardo R, Torres M, Devlin B, Wilson ML, Tesh RB (1995) Seasonal abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Dipteral psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia. J Med Entomol 32(4):538\u2013548","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2009.09.012","volume":"262","author":"A Mubayi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mubayi A, Castillo-Chavez C, Chowell G, Kribs-Zaleta C, Siddiqui NA, Kumar N, Das P (2010) Transmission dynamics and underreporting of Kala\u2013Azar in the Indian state of Bihar. J Theor Biol 262(1):177\u2013185","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"274_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.08.023","volume":"13","author":"SK Nawaratna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nawaratna SK, Weilgama DJ, Rajapaksha K (2009) Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: a study of possible animal reservoirs. Int J Infect Dis 13(4):513\u2013517","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"274_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.03.007","volume":"31","author":"KS Rock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rock KS, le Rutte EA, de Vlas SJ, Adams ER, Medley GF, Hollingsworth TD (2015) Uniting mathematics and biology for control of visceral leishmaniasis. Trends Parasitol 31(6):251\u2013259","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"274_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081231","volume":"8","author":"T Sardar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sardar T, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhowmick AR, Chattopadhyay J (2013) An optimal cost effectiveness study on Zimbabwe cholera seasonal data from 2008\u20132011. PLoS ONE 8(12):e81231","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"274_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2015.1096470","volume":"7","author":"T Sardar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sardar T, Sasmal SK, Chattopadhyay J (2016) Estimating dengue type reproduction numbers for two provinces of Sri Lanka during the period 2013\u201314. Virulence 7(2):187\u2013200","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR39","first-page":"112","volume":"2","author":"IM Sobol","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sobol IM (1990) On sensitivity estimation for nonlinear mathematical models. Mat Modelirovanie 2(1):112\u2013118","journal-title":"Mat Modelirovanie"},{"issue":"1","key":"274_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4754(00)00270-6","volume":"55","author":"IM Sobol","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sobol IM (2001) Global sensitivity indices for nonlinear mathematical models and their Monte Carlo estimates. Math Comput Simul 55(1):271\u2013280","journal-title":"Math Comput Simul"},{"issue":"3","key":"274_CR41","first-page":"536","volume":"24","author":"R Srinivasan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Srinivasan R, Panicker KN (1993) Laboratory observations on the biology of the phlebotomid sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 24(3):536\u2013539","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"274_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001405","volume":"5","author":"A Stauch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stauch A, Sarkar RR, Picado A, Ostyn B, Sundar S (2011) Visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: modelling epidemiology and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1405","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"274_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1973","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001973","volume":"6","author":"A Stauch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stauch A, Duerr HP, Dujardin JC, Vanaerschot M, Sundar S (2012) Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: model-based analyses on the spread of antimony-resistant L. donovani in Bihar, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6:e1973","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"274_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2810","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002810","volume":"8","author":"A Stauch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stauch A, Duerr HP, Picado A, Ostyn B, Sundar S, Rijal S, Boelaert M, Dujardin JC, Eichner M (2014) Model-based investigations of different vector-related intervention strategies to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(4):e2810","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"274_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002278","volume":"7","author":"L Stockdale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stockdale L, Newton R (2013) A review of preventative methods against human leishmaniasis infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(6):e2278","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"274_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3390\/math3030913","volume":"3","author":"A Subramanian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Subramanian A, Singh V, Sarkar RR (2015) Understanding visceral leishmaniasis disease transmission and its control: a study based on mathematical modeling. Mathematics 3:913\u2013944","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"4","key":"274_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00262.x","volume":"14","author":"K Walker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker K (2000) Cost-comparison of DDT and alternative insecticides for malaria control. Med Vet Entomol 14(4):345\u2013354","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"274_CR48","unstructured":"W.H.O. (2013) Crude birth and death rate Data by country. www.who.int\/gho\/data\/view.main.CBDR2040 [Online Accessed 10\/2\/2016]"},{"key":"274_CR49","unstructured":"W.H.O. (2014) Summary of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala azar (KA) outbreak situation in South Sudan. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac\/crises\/ssd\/sitreps\/south_sudan_kala_azar_september2014.pdf [Online Accessed 10\/2\/2016]"},{"issue":"6","key":"274_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.826","volume":"51","author":"EE Zijlstra","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zijlstra EE, El-Hassan AM, Ismael A, Ghalib HW (1994) Endemic kala\u2013azar in eastern sudan: a longitudinal study on the incidence of clinical and subclinical infection and post\u2013kala\u2013azar dermal leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51(6):826\u2013836","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Bulletin of Mathematical Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11538-017-0274-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11538-017-0274-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11538-017-0274-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T16:10:47Z","timestamp":1601827847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11538-017-0274-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11538-017-0274-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8240","1522-9602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8240","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]}}}