{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:28:44Z","timestamp":1790684924412,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1361209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1361209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000086","name":"Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1314029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1314029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003582","name":"American Institute of Mathematics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SquAREs"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SquAREs"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["245237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["245237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Director\u2019s Postdoctoral Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Director\u2019s Postdoctoral Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull Math Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-018-0524-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T17:06:55Z","timestamp":1541005615000},"page":"193-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT): Its Role in Averting Disease-Induced Mortality in Children and in Promoting the Spread of Antimalarial Drug Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie A.","family":"Manore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda I.","family":"Teboh-Ewungkem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Prosper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Peace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Gurski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006627","volume":"4","author":"R \u00c3guas","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u00c3guas R, Louren \u00e3o JML, Gomes MGM, White LJ (2009) The impact of IPTi and IPTc interventions on malaria clinical burden in silico perspectives. PLoS ONE 4(8):1\u201311. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0006627","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-9","volume":"6","author":"N Alexander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alexander N, Sutherland C, Roper C, Ciss\u00e9 B, Schellenberg D (2007) Modelling the impact of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria on selection pressure for drug resistance. Malar J 6(1):9. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-6-9","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-86","volume":"5","author":"N Amek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amek N, Bayoh N, Hamel M, Lindblade KA, Gimnig JE, Odhiambo F, Laserson KF, Slutsker L, Smith T, Vounatsou P (2012) Spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria transmission in rural western Kenya. Parasites Vectors 5(1):86","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"524_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.29","volume":"7","author":"H Babiker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Babiker H, Hastings I, Swedberg G (2009) Impaired fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites: evidence and implication on drug-deployment policies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 7:581\u2013593","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1086\/599317","volume":"200","author":"FN Baliraine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baliraine FN, Afrane YA, Amenya DA, Bonizzoni M, Menge DM, Zhou G, Zhong D, Vardo-Zalik AM, Githeko AK, Yan G (2009) High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in a highland area of western Kenya: a cohort study. J Infect Dis 200(1):66\u201374","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"524_CR6","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency Country comparison: life expectancy at birth. The world fact book \n                    https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\n                    \n                  . Assessed Sept 2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1137\/050638941","volume":"67","author":"N Chitnis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chitnis N, Cushing JM, Hyman JM (2006) Bifurcation analysis of a mathematical model for malaria transmission. SIAM J Appl Math 67(1):24\u201345","journal-title":"SIAM J Appl Math"},{"key":"524_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-008-9299-0","volume":"70","author":"N Chitnis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chitnis N, Hyman JM, Cushing JM (2008) Determining important parameters in the spread of malaria through the sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model. Bull Math Biol 70:1272\u20131296","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"524_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/192733a0","volume":"192","author":"S Cohen","year":"1961","unstructured":"Cohen S, McGregor I, Carrington S (1961) Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria. Nature 192:733\u20137","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"524_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01396-4","volume":"15","author":"M Craig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Craig M, Snow R, Le Sueur D (1999) A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitol Today 15(3):105\u2013111","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"524_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.10.2897-2901.2001","volume":"45","author":"P Cravo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cravo P, Culleton R, Hunt P, Walliker D, Mackinnon MJ (2001) Antimalarial drugs clear resistant parasites from partially immune hosts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(10):2897\u20132901","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"524_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.101064","volume":"16","author":"P Deloron","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deloron P, Bertin G, Briand V, Massougbodji A, Cot M (2010) Sulfadoxine\/pyrimethamine intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy. Emerg Infect Dis 16(11):1666\u20131672","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"524_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106,197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106197","volume":"9","author":"M Desai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desai M, Buff AM, Khagayi S, Byass P, Amek N, van Eijk A, Slutsker L, Vulule J, Odhiambo FO, Phillips-Howard PA (2014) Age-specific malaria mortality rates in the KEMRI\/CDC health and demographic surveillance system in western Kenya, 2003\u20132010. PLoS ONE 9(9):e106,197","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-9","volume":"9","author":"A Dicko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dicko A, Sagara I, Djimd\u00e9 AA, Tour\u00e9 SO, Traore M, Dama S, Diallo AI, Barry A, Dicko M, Coulibaly OM, Rogier C, de Sousa A, Doumbo OK (2010) Molecular markers of resistance to sulphadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine one year after implementation of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants in mali. Malar J 9(1):9. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-9-9","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"12","key":"524_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030255","volume":"3","author":"J Filipe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Filipe J, Riley E, Drakeley C, Sutherland C, Ghani A (2007) Determination of the processes driving the acquisition of immunity to malaria using a mathematical transmission model. PLoS Comput Biol 3(12):e255","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"524_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.36","volume":"8","author":"R Gosling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gosling R, Cairns M, Chico R, Chandramohan D (2010) Intermittent preventive treatment against malaria: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 8(5):589","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"524_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"B Greenwood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greenwood B (2010) Anti-malarial drugs and the prevention of malaria in the population of malaria endemic areas. Malar J 9(3):1","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"22","key":"524_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9027","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901415106","volume":"106","author":"WE Harrington","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harrington WE, Mutabingwa TK, Muehlenbachs A, Sorensen B, Bolla MC, Fried M, Duffy PE (2009) Competitive facilitation of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in pregnant women who receive preventive treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(22):9027\u20139032. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0901415106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"524_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70069-0","volume":"8","author":"SI Hay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hay SI, Smith DL, Snow RW (2008) Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission. Lancet Infect Dis 8(6):369\u2013378","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-67","volume":"7","author":"EY Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klein EY, Smith DL, Boni MF, Laxminarayan R (2008) Clinically immune hosts as a refuge for drug-sensitive malaria parasites. Malar J 7(1):1","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"2","key":"524_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000,408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000408","volume":"8","author":"AT Konat\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Konat\u00e9 AT, Yaro JB, Ou\u00e9draogo AZ, Diarra A, Gansan\u00e9 A, Soulama I, Kangoy\u00e9 DT, Kabor\u00e9 Y, Ou\u00e9draogo E, Ou\u00e9draogo A (2011) Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children already protected by an insecticide-treated bednet in Burkina Faso: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med 8(2):e1000,408","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-1","volume":"8","author":"M Makanga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Makanga M, Krudsood S (2009) The clinical efficacy of artemether\/lumefantrine (coartem$$\\textregistered $$). Malar J 8(1):S1\u2013S8","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"202","key":"524_CR23","first-page":"10","volume":"10","author":"S Mandal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mandal S, Sarkar RR, Sinha S (2011) Mathematical models of malaria-a review. Malar J 10(202):10\u20131186","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0988-5","volume":"14","author":"JR Matangila","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matangila JR, Mitashi P, Inoc\u00eancio da Luz RA, Lutumba PT, Van Geertruyden JP (2015) Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in schoolchildren: a systematic review. Malar J 14(1):450. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-015-0988-5","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"2","key":"524_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2307\/1268522","volume":"21","author":"M McKay","year":"1979","unstructured":"McKay M, Beckman R, Conover W (1979) A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code. Technometrics 21(2):239\u2013245. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1268522","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2012.06.003","volume":"240","author":"C Ngonghala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ngonghala C, Ngwa G, Teboh-Ewungkem M (2012) Periodic oscillations and backward bifurcation in a model for the dynamics of malaria transmission. Math Biosci 240(1):45\u201362","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"524_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-014-0804-9","volume":"70","author":"C Ngonghala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ngonghala C, Teboh-Ewungkem M, Ngwa G (2015) Persistent oscillations and backward bifurcation in a malaria model with varying human and mosquito populations: implications for control. J Math Biol 70:1\u201342","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"524_CR28","first-page":"633","volume":"3","author":"W O\u2019Meara","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Meara W, Smith D, McKenzie F (2006) Potential impact of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) on spread of drug resistant malaria. PLoS Med 3(5):633\u2013642","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"524_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002661","volume":"3","author":"A Ross","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ross A, Penny M, Maire N, Studer A, Carneiro I, Schellenberg D, Greenwood B, Tanner M, Smith T (2008) Modelling the epidemiological impact of intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in infants. PLoS ONE 3(7):1\u201312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0002661","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"524_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018391","volume":"6","author":"A Ross","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ross A, Maire N, Sicuri E, Smith T, Conteh L (2011) Determinants of the cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants and children. PLoS ONE 6(4):1\u201312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0018391","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"524_CR31","volume-title":"The prevention of malaria","author":"R Ross","year":"1911","unstructured":"Ross R (1911) The prevention of malaria. John Murray, London"},{"key":"524_CR32","volume-title":"Malaria","author":"R Snow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Snow R, Omumbo J (2006) Malaria, 2nd edn. World Bank, Washington, DC","edition":"2"},{"key":"524_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2009.12.017","volume":"264","author":"M Teboh-Ewungkem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teboh-Ewungkem M, Yuster T (2010) A within-vector mathematical model of Plasmodium falciparum and implications of incomplete fertilization on optimal gametocyte sex ratio. J Theor Biol 264:273\u2013286","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"524_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-009-9437-3","volume":"72","author":"M Teboh-Ewungkem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teboh-Ewungkem M, Podder C, Gumel A (2010) Mathematical study of the role of gametocytes and an imperfect vaccine on malaria transmission dynamics. Bull Math Biol 72(1):63\u201393","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"524_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/08898480.2013.777237","volume":"20","author":"M Teboh-Ewungkem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teboh-Ewungkem M, Ngwa G, Ngonghala C (2013) Models and proposals for malaria: a review. Math Pop Stud 20(2):57\u201381","journal-title":"Math Pop Stud"},{"issue":"2014","key":"524_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-428","volume":"13","author":"M Teboh-Ewungkem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teboh-Ewungkem M, JMA J, Baliraine F, Duke-Sylvester S (2014) The effect of intermittent preventive treatment on anti-malarial drug resistance spread in areas with population movement. Malar J 13(2014):428","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"524_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teboh-Ewungkem MI, Prosper O, Gurski K, Manore CA, Peace A, Feng Z (2015) Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) and the spread of drug resistant malaria. In: Jackson T, Radunskaya A (eds) Applications of dynamical systems in biology and medicine. The IMA volumes in mathematics and its applications, vol 158, Springer, New York, NY","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2782-1_9"},{"issue":"23","key":"524_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.23.2603","volume":"297","author":"FO ter Kuile","year":"2007","unstructured":"ter Kuile FO, van Eijk AM, Filler SJ (2007) Effect of sulfadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine resistance on the efficacy of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria control during pregnancy: a systematic review. Jama 297(23):2603\u20132616","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"524_CR39","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2014a) 10 facts on malaria. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs094\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed June 2017"},{"key":"524_CR40","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (2014b) The World Malaria Report. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/world_malaria_report_2013\/report\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed June 2017"},{"key":"524_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (2015a) Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, 3rd edn. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/atoz\/9789241549127\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed June 2017"},{"key":"524_CR42","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (2015b) The World Malaria Report. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/world-malaria-report-2015\/report\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed June 2017"},{"key":"524_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woldegerima WA, Teboh-Ewungkem MI, Ngwa GA (2018) The impact of recruitment on the dynamics of an immune-suppressed within-human\u2013host model of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Bull Math Biol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11538-018-0436-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-018-0436-0"}],"container-title":["Bulletin of Mathematical Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11538-018-0524-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11538-018-0524-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11538-018-0524-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T16:49:28Z","timestamp":1589734168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11538-018-0524-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11538-018-0524-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8240","1522-9602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8240","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-9602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}