{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T21:45:22Z","timestamp":1788903922402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T12:04:28Z","timestamp":1575979468000},"page":"237-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Left superior vena cava: cross-sectional imaging overview"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Nihal M.","family":"Batouty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donia M.","family":"Sobh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basma","family":"Gadelhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda M.","family":"Sobh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0714-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015150056","volume":"35","author":"SK Sonavane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sonavane SK, Milner DM, Singh SP et al (2015) Comprehensive imaging review of the superior vena cava. Radiographics 35:1873\u20131892","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1114_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8875-0_26","volume-title":"Cardiac CT and MR for adult congenital heart disease","author":"F Saremi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saremi F (2014) Congenital thoracic venous anomalies. In: Saremi F (ed) Cardiac CT and MR for adult congenital heart disease. Springer, New York, pp 573\u2013602"},{"key":"1114_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-6-50","volume":"6","author":"SK Goyal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goyal SK, Punnam SR, Verma G, Ruberg FL (2008) Persistent left superior vena cava: a case report and review of literature. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 6:50\u201353","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"1114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13447","volume":"34","author":"ME Ari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ari ME, Do\u011fan V, \u00d6zg\u00fcr S et al (2017) Persistent left superior vena cava accompanying congenital heart disease in children: experience of a tertiary care center. Echocardiography 34:436\u2013440","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"1114_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.08.023","volume":"26","author":"AM Tawfik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tawfik AM, Sobh DM, Ashamallah GA, Batouty NM (2019) Prevalence and types of aortic arch variants and anomalies in congenital heart diseases. Acad Radiol 26:930\u2013936","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"1114_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2019.05.007","volume":"74","author":"DM Sobh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sobh DM, Batouty NM, Abdelwahab RM, El-Badrawy A, Tawfik AM (2019) Ductus arteriosus location in relation to aortic arch position, branching pattern, and viscero-atrial situs. Clin Radiol 74:732.e1\u2013732.e8","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"1114_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.8.3.3380993","volume":"8","author":"GM Kellman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kellman GM, Alpern MB, Sandler MA et al (1988) Computed tomography of vena caval anomalies with embryologic correlation. Radiographics 8:533\u2013536","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1114_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e235","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/27663006","volume":"82","author":"RE Benson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benson RE, Songrug T (2009) CT appearance of persistent left superior vena cava, anomalous right superior pulmonary venous return into the right-sided superior vena cava and a sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect. Br J Radiol 82:e235\u2013e239","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"1114_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12514","volume":"31","author":"AS Sheikh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheikh AS, Mazhar S (2014) Persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava: review of the literature and clinical implications. Echocardiography 31:674\u2013679","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"1114_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2011.03443.x","volume":"53","author":"S Kula","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kula S, Cevik A, Sanli C et al (2011) Persistent left superior vena cava: experience of a tertiary health-care center. Pediatr Int 53:1066\u20131069","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"1114_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960230304","volume":"23","author":"IA D\u2019Cruz","year":"2000","unstructured":"D\u2019Cruz IA, Shala MB, Johns C (2000) Echocardiography of the coronary sinus in adults. Clin Cardiol 23:149\u2013154","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"1114_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.324105220","volume":"32","author":"SS Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah SS, Teague SD, Lu JC, Dorfman AL, Kazerooni EA, Agarwal PP (2012) Imaging of the coronary sinus: normal anatomy and congenital abnormalities. Radiographics 32:991\u20131008","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1114_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00142.x","volume":"15","author":"AJ Rein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rein AJ, Nir A, Nadjari M (2000) The coronary sinus in the fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 15:468\u2013472","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1114_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.626","volume":"23","author":"R Chaoui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chaoui R, Heling KS, Kalache KD (2003) Caliber of the coronary sinus in fetuses with cardiac defects with and without left persistent superior vena cava and in growth-restricted fetuses with heart-sparing effect. Prenat Diagn 23:552\u2013557","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"1114_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-017-1229-5","volume":"34","author":"M Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma M, Tan Y, Chen R, Mao Y, Wang B, Zhao B (2018) Comparison of coronary sinus diameter Z-scores in normal fetuses and fetuses with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 34:223\u2013228","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1114_CR16","first-page":"492","volume":"34","author":"ND Arat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arat ND, Sokmen Y, Golbasi Z (2007) Persistent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava and coronary sinus dilation mimicking a paracardiac mass. Tex Heart Inst J 34:492\u2013493","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"1114_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.12.020","volume":"123","author":"PG Postema","year":"2008","unstructured":"Postema PG, Rammeloo LA, van Litsenburg R et al (2008) Left superior vena cava in pediatric cardiology associated with extra-cardiac anomalies. Int J Cardiol 123:302\u2013306","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1114_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0304(199608)38:4<379::AID-CCD13>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"38","author":"SR Parikh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Parikh SR, Prasad K, Iyer RN et al (1996) Prospective angiographic study of the abnormalities of systemic venous connections in congenital and acquired heart disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn 38:379\u2013386","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"1114_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.079","volume":"112","author":"Z Perles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perles Z, Nir A, Gavri S et al (2013) Prevalence of persistent superior vena cava and association with congenital heart anomalies. Am J Cardiol 112:1214\u20131218","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1114_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.045443","volume":"91","author":"L Pasquini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pasquini L, Fichera A, Tan T, Ho SY, Gardiner H (2005) Left superior caval vein: a powerful indicator of fetal coarctation. Heart 91:539\u2013540","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"1114_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15914","volume":"48","author":"S Gustapane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gustapane S, Leombroni M, Khalil A et al (2016) Systematic review and meta-analysis of persistent left superior vena cava on prenatal ultrasound: associated anomalies, diagnostic accuracy and postnatal outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 48:701\u2013708","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1114_CR22","volume-title":"Congenital heart defects. Decision making for surgery. CT-scan and MRI","author":"AF Corno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corno AF, Festa P (2009) Congenital heart defects. Decision making for surgery. CT-scan and MRI, vol 3. Steinkopff-Verlag, Darmstadt"},{"key":"1114_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1100-x","volume":"35","author":"AM Tawfik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tawfik AM, Batouty NM, Zaky MM, Eladalany MA, Elmokadem AH (2013) Polysplenia syndrome: a review of the relationship with viscero-atrial situs and the spectrum of extra-cardiac anomalies. Surg Radiol Anat 35:647\u2013653","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"1114_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.6.657","volume":"J44","author":"FJ Macartney","year":"1980","unstructured":"Macartney FJ, Zuberbuhler JR, Anderson RH (1980) Morphological considerations pertaining to recognition of atrial isomerism. Consequences for sequential chamber localization. Br Heart J44:657\u2013667","journal-title":"Br Heart"},{"key":"1114_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02076338","volume":"4","author":"WM Peoples","year":"1983","unstructured":"Peoples WM, Moller JH, Edwards JE (1983) Polysplenia: a review of 146 cases. Pediatr Cardiol 4:129\u2013137","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1114_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70095-1","volume":"110","author":"M Rubino","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rubino M, Van Praagh S, Kadoba K, Pessotto R, Van Praagh R (1995) Systemic and pulmonary venous connections in visceral heterotaxy with asplenia. Diagnostic and surgical considerations based on seventy-two autopsied cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110:641\u2013650","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"1114_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000142290.35842.B0","volume":"110","author":"VB Ho","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ho VB, Bakalov VK, Cooley M, Van PL, Hood MN, Burklow TR, Bondy CA (2004) Major vascular anomalies in Turner syndrome: prevalence and magnetic resonance angiographic features. Circulation 110:1694\u20131700","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1114_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4380","volume":"34","author":"L Du","year":"2014","unstructured":"Du L, Xie HN, Zhu YX, Li LJ, Peng R, Zheng J (2014) Fetal persistent left superior vena cava in cases with and without chromosomal anomalies. Prenat Diagn 34:797\u2013802","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"1114_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.16-517","volume":"58","author":"C Sakai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sakai C, Yamano T, Miki T et al (2017) Imaging of right-to-left shunt in an adult patient with unroofed coronary sinus with persistent left superior vena cava. Int Heart J 58:1008\u20131011","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"1114_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jes017","volume":"13","author":"RB Irwin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Irwin RB, Greaves M, Schmitt M (2012) Left superior vena cava: revisited. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 13:284\u2013291","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1114_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.14365","volume":"205","author":"PP Agarwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agarwal PP, Mahani MG, Lu JC, Dorfman AL (2015) Levoatriocardinal vein and mimics: spectrum of imaging findings. Am J Roentgenol 205:162\u2013171","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["La radiologia medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T01:47:53Z","timestamp":1607478473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01114-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-8362","1826-6983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-8362","type":"print"},{"value":"1826-6983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (including name of committee\u2009+\u2009reference number) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the local institutional review board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was waived by the institutional review board.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}