{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:55:49Z","timestamp":1792461349341,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To determine the optimal window setting for virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) reconstructed from dual-layer spectral coronary computed tomography angiography (DE-CCTA) datasets.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>50 patients (30 males; mean age 61.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.4\u00a0years who underwent DE-CCTA from May 2021 to June 2022 for suspected coronary artery disease, were retrospectively included. Image quality assessment was performed on conventional images and VMI reconstructions at 70 and 40\u00a0keV. Objective image quality was assessed using contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Two independent observers manually identified the best window settings (B-W\/L) for VMI 70 and VMI 40 visualization. B-W\/L were then normalized with aortic attenuation using linear regression analysis to obtain the optimized W\/L (O-W\/L) settings. Additionally, subjective image quality was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, and vessel diameters were measured to examine any potential impact of different W\/L settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>VMI 40 demonstrated higher CNR values compared to conventional and VMI 70. B-W\/L settings identified were 1180\/280\u00a0HU for VMI 70 and 3290\/900\u00a0HU for VMI 40. Subsequent linear regression analysis yielded O-W\/L settings of 1155\/270\u00a0HU for VMI 70 and 3230\/880\u00a0HU for VMI 40. VMI 40 O-W\/L received the highest scores for each parameter compared to conventional (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0027). Using O-W\/L settings for VMI 70 and VMI 40 did not result in significant differences in vessel measurements compared to conventional images.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Optimization of VMI requires adjustments in W\/L settings. Our results recommend W\/L settings of 1155\/270\u00a0HU for VMI 70 and 3230\/880\u00a0HU for VMI 40.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-024-01835-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T15:05:47Z","timestamp":1719500747000},"page":"999-1007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optimization of window settings for coronary arteries assessment using spectral CT-derived virtual monoenergetic imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Mastrodicasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica R. M.","family":"Lanzafame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Yel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitali","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon D.","family":"Gruenewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simran P.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velio","family":"Ascenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Micari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Blandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Vogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Mazziotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo P. J.","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Booz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2010.11.001","author":"AJ Taylor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taylor AJ, Cerqueira M, Hodgson JM et al (2010) ACCF\/SCCT\/ACR\/AHA\/ASE\/ASNC\/NASCI\/SCAI\/SCMR 2010 appropriate use criteria for cardiac computed tomography: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation appropriate use criteria task force, the society of cardiovascular computed tomography, the American college of radiology, the American heart association, the American society of echocardiography, the American society of nuclear cardiology, the North American society for cardiovascular imaging, the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, and the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcct.2010.11.001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"1835_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180546","author":"T D'Angelo","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo T, Cicero G, Mazziotti S et al (2019) Dual energy computed tomography virtual monoenergetic imaging: technique and clinical applications. Br J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20180546","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"1835_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.03.005","author":"I Danad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Danad I, Fayad ZA, Willemink MJ, Min JK (2015) New applications of cardiac computed tomography: dual-energy, spectral, and molecular CT imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.03.005","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1835_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08097-0","author":"D Mastrodicasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mastrodicasa D, Willemink MJ, Madhuripan N et al (2021) Diagnostic performance of single-phase dual-energy CT to differentiate vascular and nonvascular incidental renal lesions on portal venous phase: comparison with CT. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-021-08097-0","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1835_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.05.002","author":"D Mastrodicasa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mastrodicasa D, Delli Pizzi A, Patel BN (2019) Dual-energy CT of the pancreas. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2019.05.002","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"1835_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-017-0571-4","author":"N Rassouli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rassouli N, Etesami M, Dhanantwari A, Rajiah P (2017) Detector-based spectral CT with a novel dual-layer technology: principles and applications. Insights Imaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13244-017-0571-4","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"1835_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.05.016","author":"J Doerner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doerner J, Hauger M, Hickethier T et al (2017) Image quality evaluation of dual-layer spectral detector CT of the chest and comparison with conventional CT imaging. Eur J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.05.016","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1835_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.12.007","author":"T Hickethier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hickethier T, Byrtus J, Hauger M et al (2018) Utilization of virtual mono-energetic images (MonoE) derived from a dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) for the assessment of abdominal arteries in venous contrast phase scans. Eur J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.12.007","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1835_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.12.031","volume":"85","author":"C Mihl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mihl C, Kok M, Altintas S et al (2016) Evaluation of individually body weight adapted contrast media injection in coronary CT-angiography. Eur J Radiol 85(4):830\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.12.031","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1835_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.108666","author":"CT Arendt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arendt CT, Czwikla R, Lenga L et al (2020) Improved coronary artery contrast enhancement using noise-optimised virtual monoenergetic imaging from dual-source dual-energy computed tomography. Eur J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.108666","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1835_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01126-5","volume":"125","author":"G Cicero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cicero G, Ascenti G, Albrecht MH et al (2020) Extra-abdominal dual-energy CT applications: a comprehensive overview. Radiol Med (Torino) 125(4):384\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-019-01126-5","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1835_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01663-0","volume":"128","author":"FM Arico'","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arico\u2019 FM, Trimarchi R, Portaluri A et al (2023) Virtual monoenergetic dual-layer dual-energy CT images in colorectal cancer: CT diagnosis could be improved? Radiol Med (Torino) 128(8):891\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-023-01663-0","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"issue":"16","key":"1835_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13162675","volume":"13","author":"T D'Angelo","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo T, Lanzafame LRM, Micari A et al (2023) Improved coronary artery visualization using virtual monoenergetic imaging from dual-layer spectral detector CT angiography. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 13(16):2675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13162675","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1835_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1151-2","volume":"42","author":"N Rassouli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rassouli N, Chalian H, Rajiah P, Dhanantwari A, Landeras L (2017) Assessment of 70\u00a0keV virtual monoenergetic spectral images in abdominal CT imaging: a comparison study to conventional polychromatic 120\u00a0kVp images. Abdom Radiol (NY) 42(10):2579\u20132586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-017-1151-2","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"1835_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1509","author":"L Saba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saba L, Mallarin G (2009) Window settings for the study of calcified carotid plaques with multidetector CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A1509","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1835_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0963-9","author":"D Caruso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruso D, Parinella AH, Schoepf UJ et al (2017) Optimization of window settings for standard and advanced virtual monoenergetic imaging in abdominal dual-energy CT angiography. Abdom radiol (New York). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-016-0963-9","journal-title":"Abdom radiol (New York)"},{"key":"1835_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5059-6","author":"T D'Angelo","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo T, Bucher AM, Lenga L et al (2018) Optimisation of window settings for traditional and noise-optimised virtual monoenergetic imaging in dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Eur Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-5059-6","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1835_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.01.007","author":"CN De Cecco","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Cecco CN, Caruso D, Schoepf UJ et al (2016) Optimization of window settings for virtual monoenergetic imaging in dual-energy CT of the liver: a multi-reader evaluation of standard monoenergetic and advanced imaged-based monoenergetic datasets. Eur J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.01.007","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1118\/1","key":"1835_CR19","first-page":"594357","volume":"10","author":"SJ Riederer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Riederer SJ, Mistretta CA (1977) Selective iodine imaging using K-edge energies in computerized x-ray tomography. Medical physics doi 10(1118\/1):594357","journal-title":"Medical physics doi"},{"key":"1835_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2362041558","author":"KT Bae","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bae KT, Mody GN, Balfe DM et al (2005) CT depiction of pulmonary emboli: display window settings. Radiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2362041558","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1835_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109166","author":"T D'Angelo","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo T, Lenga L, Arendt CT et al (2020) Carotid and cerebrovascular dual-energy computed tomography angiography: optimization of window settings for virtual monoenergetic imaging reconstruction. Eur J Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109166","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1835_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-1140","author":"D Zopfs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zopfs D, Lennartz S, Abdullayev N et al (2021) Generally applicable window settings of low-keV virtual monoenergetic reconstructions in dual-layer CT-angiography of the head and neck. Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery. Quant Imaging Med Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-20-1140","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"1835_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.00000000000009","author":"E Zsarn\u00f3czay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zsarn\u00f3czay E, Varga-Szemes A, Emrich T et al (2023) Characterizing the heart and the myocardium with photon-counting CT. Invest Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.00000000000009","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"}],"container-title":["La radiologia medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-024-01835-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11547-024-01835-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-024-01835-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T11:31:29Z","timestamp":1721129489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11547-024-01835-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-024-01835-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1826-6983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1826-6983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"TD received speaking fees from Bracco and Philips. CB and IY received speaking fees from Siemens Healthineers. All other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. Philips CT scanner and Bracco iodine contrast medium have been used for image acquisition. No Siemens product was involved in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}