{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:53:41Z","timestamp":1785354821782,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004505","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) represents an effective treatment option for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). This retrospective, bicentric study evaluated the safety and efficacy of TAE in 77 patients with LGIB. The mean patient age was 68.39\u2009\u00b1\u200917.54\u00a0years, and the mean pre-procedural hemoglobin was 7.87\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89\u00a0g\/dL. The most common cause of LGIB was angiodysplasia (36.2%). Pre-procedural computed tomography angiography (CTA) detected active bleeding in 83% of cases. Technical success was achieved in 98.7% of patients, and 30-day clinical success was achieved in 87%. The rebleeding rate was 13%, and the ischemic complication rate was 11.7%. There were no significant associations between clinical success and sex, age, coagulopathy, first-line management, active bleeding signs, culprit vessel, superior mesenteric artery, or time between CTA and digital subtraction angiography. TAE is a safe and effective procedure for LGIB, with high technical and acceptable clinical success rates. It should be considered a standard procedure in select patients, especially when endoscopic treatment is contraindicated or not feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-02012-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T07:19:02Z","timestamp":1744960742000},"page":"1050-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transarterial embolization for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective bicentric study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Tiralongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Perini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Crimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Taninokuchi Tomassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Braccischi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide Giuseppe","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Modestino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vacirca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Falsaperla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica Maria Rosaria","family":"Libra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Palmucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro Valerio","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lionetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mosconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1603455","volume":"376","author":"IM Gralnek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gralnek IM, Neeman Z, Strate LL (2017) Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med 376:1054\u20131063","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002130","volume":"118","author":"N Sengupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sengupta N, Feuerstein JD, Jairath V, Shergill AK, Strate LL, Wong RJ et al (2023) Management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated ACG Guideline. Am J Gastroenterol 118:208\u2013231","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2005.08.007","volume":"34","author":"LL Strate","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strate LL, Lower GI (2005) Bleeding: epidemiology and diagnosis. Gastroenterol Clin N Am 34:643\u2013664","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.02.018","volume":"18","author":"K Karuppasamy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karuppasamy K, Kapoor BS, Fidelman N, Abujudeh H, Bartel TB, Caplin DM et al (2021) ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae radiologic management of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding: 2021 update. J Am Coll Radiol 18:S139\u2013S152","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1496-8969","volume":"53","author":"K Triantafyllou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Triantafyllou K, Gkolfakis P, Gralnek IM, Oakland K, Manes G, Radaelli F et al (2021) Diagnosis and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 53:850\u2013868","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"for the EBM-Connect Collaboration, Garc\u00eda-Bl\u00e1zquez V, Vicente-B\u00e1rtulos A, Olavarria-Delgado A, Plana MN, Van Der Winden D et al (2013) Accuracy of CT angiography in the diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 23:1181\u20131190","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2721-x"},{"key":"2012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001245","volume":"116","author":"L Laine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, Martel M, Leontiadis GI (2021) ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 116:899\u2013917","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.S1.S31","volume":"13","author":"JH Shin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shin JH (2012) Recent update of embolization of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Korean J Radiol 13:S31","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1703-4","volume":"40","author":"DK Filippiadis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filippiadis DK, Binkert C, Pellerin O, Hoffmann RT, Krajina A, Pereira PL (2017) Cirse quality assurance document and standards for classification of complications: the cirse classification system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 40:1141\u20131146","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-010-9829-7","volume":"33","author":"R Loffroy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loffroy R, Rao P, Ota S, De Lin M, Kwak B-K, Geschwind J-F (2010) Embolization of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage resistant to endoscopic treatment: results and predictors of recurrent bleeding. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 33:1088\u20131100","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i22.3728","volume":"7","author":"L-S Lv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv L-S, Gu J-T (2019) Super-selective arterial embolization in the control of acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. World J Clin Cases 7:3728\u20133733","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"2012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13243628","volume":"13","author":"F Tiralongo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tiralongo F, Di Pietro S, Milazzo D, Galioto S, Castiglione DG, Ini\u2019 C et al (2023) Acute colonic diverticulitis: CT findings, classifications, and a proposal of a structured reporting template. Diagnostics 13:3628","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"2012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2004.12.001","volume":"7","author":"EW Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee EW, Laberge JM (2004) Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 7:112\u2013122","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-012-0020-5","volume":"29","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Stanley AJ (2012) Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly: aetiology. Diagn Treat Drugs Aging 29:933\u2013940","journal-title":"Diagn Treat Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2012_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2007.10.009","volume":"22","author":"G Zuccaro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zuccaro G (2008) Epidemiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 22:225\u2013232","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"028","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1695035","volume":"33","author":"T Adegboyega","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adegboyega T, Rivadeneira D (2020) Lower GI bleeding: an update on incidences and causes. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 33:028\u2013034","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"2012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071323","volume":"59","author":"R Minici","year":"2023","unstructured":"Minici R, Guzzardi G, Venturini M, Fontana F, Coppola A, Spinetta M et al (2023) Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of cancer-related bleeding. Medicina (Mex) 59:1323","journal-title":"Medicina (Mex)"},{"key":"2012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i11.1185","volume":"18","author":"DY Lhewa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lhewa DY (2012) Pros and cons of colonoscopy in management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 18:1185","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography8050198","volume":"8","author":"M Di Serafino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Serafino M, Iacobellis F, Schillir\u00f2 ML, Dell\u2019AversanoOrabona G, Martino A, Bennato R et al (2022) The role of CT-angiography in the acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a pictorial essay of active and obscure findings. Tomography 8:2369\u20132402","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"2012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150934","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150934","volume":"89","author":"AM Ierardi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ierardi AM, Urbano J, De Marchi G, Micieli C, Duka E, Iacobellis F et al (2016) New advances in lower gastrointestinal bleeding management with embolotherapy. Br J Radiol 89:20150934","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.3.541","volume":"16","author":"J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim YH, Lee KH, Lee YJ, Park JH (2015) Diagnostic performance of CT angiography in patients visiting emergency department with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. Korean J Radiol 16:541","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.373","volume":"67","author":"G Bruce","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bruce G, Erskine B (2020) Analysis of time delay between computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography on the technical success of interventional embolisation for treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. J Med Radiat Sci 67:64\u201371","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"key":"2012_CR23","first-page":"27","volume":"2","author":"T Ye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ye T, Yang L, Wang Q, Liu J, Zhou C, Zheng C et al (2019) Analysis of negative DSA findings in patients with acute nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective study of 133 patients. J Interv Med 2:27\u201330","journal-title":"J Interv Med"},{"key":"2012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.4.g00jl361160","volume":"20","author":"GS Hastings","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hastings GS (2000) Angiographic localization and transcatheter treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiographics 20:1160\u20131168","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2012_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181e10e90","volume":"53","author":"CJ Gillespie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gillespie CJ, Sutherland AD, Mossop PJ, Woods RJ, Keck JO, Heriot AG (2010) Mesenteric embolization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Dis Colon Rectum 53:1258\u20131264","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2012_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-3728-7","volume":"22","author":"T Nyk\u00e4nen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nyk\u00e4nen T, Peltola E, Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4 L, Udd M (2018) Transcatheter arterial embolization in lower gastrointestinal bleeding: ischemia remains a concern even with a superselective approach. J Gastrointest Surg 22:1394\u20131403","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2012_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae037","volume":"97","author":"Q Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Q, Funaki B, Ahmed O (2024) Twenty years of embolization for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of rebleeding and ischaemia rates. Br J Radiol 97:920\u2013932","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2017.02.005","volume":"98","author":"C Bua-ngam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bua-ngam C, Norasetsingh J, Treesit T, Wedsart B, Chansanti O, Tapaneeyakorn J et al (2017) Efficacy of emergency transarterial embolization in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a single-center experience. Diagn Interv Imaging 98:499\u2013505","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"2012_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2013.09.012","volume":"25","author":"S Hur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hur S, Jae HJ, Lee M, Kim H-C, Chung JW (2014) Safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a single-center experience with 112 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 25:10\u201319","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2013.14.2.259","volume":"14","author":"H-C Teng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teng H-C, Liang H-L, Lin Y-H, Huang J-S, Chen C-Y, Lee S-C et al (2013) The efficacy and long-term outcome of microcoil embolotherapy for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Korean J Radiol 14:259","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-023-00360-3","volume":"6","author":"C Ini\u2019","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ini\u2019 C, Distefano G, Sanfilippo F, Castiglione DG, Falsaperla D, Giurazza F et al (2023) Embolization for acute nonvariceal bleeding of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract: a systematic review. CVIR Endovasc 6:18","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"2012_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-018-0885-4","volume":"123","author":"AM Ierardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ierardi AM, Franchin M, Fontana F, Piffaretti G, Crippa M, Angileri SA et al (2018) The role of ethylene\u2013vinyl alcohol copolymer in association with other embolic agents for the percutaneous and endovascular treatment of type Ia endoleak. Radiol Med (Torino) 123:638\u2013642","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"key":"2012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214841","volume":"10","author":"F Piacentino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piacentino F, Fontana F, Curti M, Macchi E, Coppola A, Ossola C et al (2021) Non-adhesive liquid embolic agents in extra-cranial district: state of the art and review of the literature. J Clin Med 10:4841","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2012_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.02.024","volume":"25","author":"J Urbano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Urbano J, Manuel Cabrera J, Franco A, Alonso-Burgos A (2014) Selective arterial embolization with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer for control of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: feasibility and initial experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 25:839\u2013846","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2012_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-023-00359-w","volume":"6","author":"S Hiraki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hiraki S, Sato F, Osugi M, Watanabe Y, Ichinose Y (2023) Transcatheter arterial embolization for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding using imipenem\/cilastatin: a single-center retrospective study. CVIR Endovasc 6:12","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-02024-9","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000}}],"container-title":["La radiologia medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02012-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02012-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02012-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T11:41:28Z","timestamp":1757158888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02012-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02012-z","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11547-025-02024-9","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1826-6983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1826-6983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02024-9","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-025-02024-9","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Formal consent is not required for this type of study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained for every person\u2019s data included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}