{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:03:45Z","timestamp":1784052225035,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to assess whether high-power microwave ablation (MWA) in combination with preablation transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is associated with greater ablation\u00a0zone stability in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver metastases. The primary endpoint was the percentage change in ablation zone area from baseline to late follow-up (T1\u2013T3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective, non-randomized, single-center study, 45 patients with HCC and 32 patients with liver metastases were analyzed. All patients underwent computed tomography\u00a0(CT)-guided percutaneous MWA following TACE.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Protocols were stratified into a low-power protocol group (initiated at 60 W and limited to\u2009\u2264\u2009100 W) and a high-power protocol group (initiated at 80 W and escalated to\u2009\u2265\u2009120\u2013150 W).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>MRI\u00a0(magnetic resonance imaging) follow-up was performed at 24\u00a0h (T1), 3\u00a0months (T2) and 6\u00a0months (T3), with manual measurement of the ablation zone area at each time\u00a0point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the HCC cohort, high-power MWA was associated with significantly greater ablation\u00a0zone stability (%\u0394T1\u2013T3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u200932.95\u2009\u00b1\u20095.82%) compared to low-power protocols (%\u0394T1\u2013T3\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u200949.72\u2009\u00b1\u20096.91%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.12). In the metastases cohort, high-power MWA also outperformed the low-power group (\u2212\u200928.4% vs.\u2009\u2212\u200942.1%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, RBC\u2009=\u20090.87; with consistent effect sizes).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center cohort study provides exploratory imaging evidence that higher power settings are associated with greater ablation\u00a0zone stability following TACE, warranting prospective validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-026-02213-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:00:40Z","timestamp":1777982440000},"page":"1088-1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-power microwave ablation with preablation transarterial chemoembolization enhances ablation zone stability in patients with liver malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Vogl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Dahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon V.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Finkelmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamzah","family":"Adwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2213_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3):209\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2213_CR2","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2024) Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer Fact Sheet (GLOBOCAN 2020). IARC, Lyon. https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/today. Accessed 12. July 2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"2213_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09567-2","volume":"37","author":"B Barrow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barrow B, Martin RCG (2023) Microwave ablation for hepatic malignancies: a systematic review of the technology and differences in devices. Surg Endosc 37(2):817\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-022-09567-2","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2213_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i8.1054","volume":"7","author":"LS Poulou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poulou LS (2015) Percutaneous microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 7(8):1054\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v7.i8.1054","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2213_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-117410","volume":"189","author":"TJ Vogl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vogl TJ, Nour-Eldin NE, Hammerstingl R, Panahi B, Naguib N (2017) Microwave ablation (MWA): basics, technique and results in primary and metastatic liver neoplasms\u2014a review article. Fortschr Rontgenstr 189(11):1055\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-117410","journal-title":"Fortschr Rontgenstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2213_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018","volume":"76","author":"M Reig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J et al (2022) BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol 76(3):681\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2213_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2019.1692148","volume":"36","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Ke Q, Lin N, Huang Q, Zeng Y, Liu J (2019) The efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia 36(1):1288\u20131296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02656736.2019.1692148","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2213_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02471-z","volume":"43","author":"L Crocetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crocetti L, de Ba\u00e8re T, Pereira PL, Tarantino FP (2020) CIRSE standards of practice on thermal ablation of liver tumours. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 43(7):951\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02471-z","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2213_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S338456","volume":"8","author":"HZ Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li HZ, Tan J, Tang T, An TZ, Li JX, Xiao YD (2021) Chemoembolization plus microwave ablation vs chemoembolization alone in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: a propensity-score-matching study. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 8:1311\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JHC.S338456","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2213_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26692","volume":"125","author":"E Berber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berber E, Akbulut S (2022) Assessment of a new 150-W single-antenna microwave ablation system in malignant liver tumors: the first worldwide experience. J Surg Oncol 125(2):168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.26692","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2213_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v12.i9.725","volume":"12","author":"KE Zane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zane KE, Cloyd JM, Mumtaz KS, Wadhawa V, Makary MS (2021) Metastatic disease to the liver: locoregional therapy strategies and outcomes. World J Clin Oncol 12(9):725\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5306\/wjco.v12.i9.725","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2213_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-008-1350-x","volume":"15","author":"S Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma S, Camci C, Jabbour N (2008) Management of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancers: an update. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 15(6):570\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00534-008-1350-x","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2213_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1535-9","volume":"18","author":"CW Hammill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hammill CW, Billingsley KG, Cassera MA, Wolf RF, Ujiki MB, Hansen PD (2011) Outcome after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of technically resectable colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 18(7):1947\u20131954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-010-1535-9","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2213_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181bc9fae","volume":"251","author":"G Otto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Otto G, D\u00fcber C, Hoppe-Lotichius M, K\u00f6nig J, Heise M, Pitton MB (2010) Radiofrequency ablation as first-line treatment in patients with early colorectal liver metastases amenable to surgery. Ann Surg 251(5):796\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181bc9fae","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2213_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132958","volume":"273","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Solbiati L, Brace CL, Breen DJ, Callstrom MR, Charboneau JW et al (2014) Image-guided tumor ablation: standardization of terminology and reporting criteria\u2014a 10-year update. Radiology 273(1):241\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.14132958","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2213_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5842-z","volume":"29","author":"SJS Ruiter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruiter SJS, Heerink WJ, de Jong KP (2019) Liver microwave ablation: a systematic review of various FDA-approved systems. Eur Radiol 29(8):4026\u20134035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5842-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2213_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153303382311852","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338231185277","volume":"22","author":"C Lanza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lanza C, Carriero S, Ascenti V et al (2023) Percutaneous application of high-power microwave ablation with 150 W for the treatment of tumors in lung, liver, and kidney: a preliminary experience. Technol Cancer Res Treat 22:15330338231185276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15330338231185277","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2213_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2020.1774083","volume":"37","author":"TCH Hui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hui TCH, Brace CL, Hinshaw JL et al (2020) Microwave ablation of the liver in a live porcine model: the impact of power, time and total energy on ablation zone size and shape. Int J Hyperthermia 37(1):668\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02656736.2020.1774083","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2213_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5266-1","volume":"28","author":"WJ Heerink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heerink WJ, Solouki AM, Vliegenthart R, Ruiter SJS, Sieders E, Oudkerk M, de Jong KP (2018) The relationship between applied energy and ablation zone volume in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastasis. Eur Radiol 28(8):3228\u20133236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-5266-1","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2213_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2023.2247564","volume":"23","author":"KHM Verdonschot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verdonschot KHM, Arts S, van den Boezem PB et al (2023) <article-title update=\"modified\" original=\"Ablative margins in percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic tumours: a systematic review\">Ablative margins in percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 23(9):977\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737140.2023.2247564","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"2213_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05951-8","volume":"150","author":"TJ Vogl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vogl TJ, Stefan H, Gruber-Rouh T et al (2024) The combination of chemoembolization and microwave ablation is superior to microwave ablation alone for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 150(10):440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-024-05951-8","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["La radiologia medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-026-02213-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11547-026-02213-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11547-026-02213-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:04:09Z","timestamp":1784048649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11547-026-02213-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-026-02213-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1826-6983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1826-6983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt (protocol code 2025\u20132435, 17 June 2025).\u00a0Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design and use of anonymized data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}