{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:15:11Z","timestamp":1772802911168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT101957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT101957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203145Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203145Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS\/A00027\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS\/A00027\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS\/A000050\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS\/A000050\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Early squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) in the oesophagus is a highly treatable condition. Lesions confined to the mucosal layer can be curatively treated endoscopically. We build a computer-assisted detection system that can classify still images or video frames as normal or abnormal with high diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We present a new benchmark dataset containing 68K binary labelled frames extracted from 114 patient videos whose imaged areas have been resected and correlated to histopathology. Our novel convolutional network architecture solves the binary classification task and <jats:italic>explains<\/jats:italic> what features of the input domain drive the decision-making process of the network.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 91.7% compared to the 94.7% achieved by a group of 12 senior clinicians. Our novel network architecture produces deeply supervised activation heatmaps that suggest the network is looking at intrapapillary capillary loop patterns when predicting abnormality.\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We believe that this dataset and baseline method may serve as a reference for future benchmarks on both video frame classification and explainability in the context of ESCN detection. A future work path of high clinical relevance is the extension of the classification to ESCN types.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-020-02127-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T15:02:46Z","timestamp":1584025366000},"page":"651-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Intrapapillary capillary loop classification in magnification endoscopy: open dataset and baseline methodology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7362-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis C.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Peraza-Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Everson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Lovat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Po","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen Lun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehan","family":"Haidry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danail","family":"Stoyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Ourselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Vercauteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2014.47.6.523","volume":"47","author":"JW Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho JW, Choi SC, Jang JY, Shin SK, Choi KD, Lee JH, Kim SG, Sung JK, Jeon SW, Choi IJ, Kim GH, Jee SR, Lee WS, Jung HY (2014) Lymph node metastases in esophageal carcinoma: an endoscopist\u2019s view. Clin Endosc 47(6):523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5946\/ce.2014.47.6.523","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618821800","volume":"7","author":"M Everson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Everson M, Herrera L, Li W, Luengo IM, Ahmad O, Banks M, Magee C, Alzoubaidi D, Hsu H, Graham D, Vercauteren T, Lovat L, Ourselin S, Kashin S, Wang HP, Wang WL, Haidry R (2019) Artificial intelligence for the real-time classification of intrapapillary capillary loop patterns in the endoscopic diagnosis of early oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a proof-of-concept study. United Eur Gastroenterol J 7(2):297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050640618821800","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"2127_CR3","unstructured":"Garcia-Peraza-Herrera LC, Everson M, Li W, Luengo I, Berger L, Ahmad O, Lovat L, Wang HP, Wang W.L, Haidry R, Stoyanov D, Vercauteren T, Ourselin S (2018) Interpretable fully convolutional classification of intrapapillary capillary loops for real-time detection of early squamous neoplasia. arXiv:1805.00632"},{"issue":"1","key":"2127_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.08.018","volume":"91","author":"L Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo L, Xiao X, Wu C, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Du J, Bai S, Xie J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang X, Cheung O, Sharma M, Liu J, Hu B (2020) Real-time automated diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using a deep learning model (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 91(1):41\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2019.08.018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2127_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319914","author":"C Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan C, Wallace MB, Sharma P, Maselli R, Craviotto V, Spadaccini M, Repici A (2019) New artificial intelligence system: first validation study versus experienced endoscopists for colorectal polyp detection. Gut. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319914","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2127_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE, pp 770\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.1996.tb00429.x","volume":"8","author":"H Inoue","year":"1996","unstructured":"Inoue H, Honda T, Yoshida T, Nishikage T, Nagahama T, Yano K, Nagai K, Kawano T, Yoshino K, Tani M, Takeshita K, Endo M (1996) Ultra-high magnification endoscopy of the normal esophageal mucosa. Dig Endosc 8(2):134\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1443-1661.1996.tb00429.x","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2127_CR8","volume-title":"Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology","author":"K Krippendorff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krippendorff K (2004) Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"issue":"12","key":"2127_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30637-0","volume":"20","author":"H Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo H, Xu G, Li C, He L, Luo L, Wang Z, Jing B, Deng Y, Jin Y, Li Y, Li B, Tan W, He C, Seeruttun SR, Wu Q, Huang J, Huang DW, Chen B, Lin SB, Chen QM, Yuan CM, Chen HX, Pu HY, Zhou F, He Y, Xu RH (2019) Real-time artificial intelligence for detection of upper gastrointestinal cancer by endoscopy: a multicentre, case-control, diagnostic study. Lancet Oncol 20(12):1645\u20131654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30637-0","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"02","key":"2127_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E46","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1365524","volume":"02","author":"S Menon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menon S, Trudgill N (2014) How commonly is upper gastrointestinal cancer missed at endoscopy? A meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 02(02):E46\u2013E50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1365524","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"2127_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2017.10.011","volume":"73","author":"G Montavon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montavon G, Samek W, M\u00fcller KR (2018) Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks. Digit Signal Proc 73:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2017.10.011","journal-title":"Digit Signal Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-016-0527-7","volume":"14","author":"T Oyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oyama T, Inoue H, Arima M, Momma K, Omori T, Ishihara R, Hirasawa D, Takeuchi M, Tomori A, Goda K (2017) Prediction of the invasion depth of superficial squamous cell carcinoma based on microvessel morphology: magnifying endoscopic classification of the Japan Esophageal Society. Esophagus 14(2):105\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10388-016-0527-7","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"issue":"02","key":"2127_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390858","volume":"47","author":"H Sato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sato H, Inoue H, Ikeda H, Sato C, Onimaru M, Hayee B, Phlanusi C, Santi E, Kobayashi Y, Kudo SE (2015) Utility of intrapapillary capillary loops seen on magnifying narrow-band imaging in estimating invasive depth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopy 47(02):122\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1390858","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2127_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.08.026","volume":"91","author":"JR Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su JR, Li Z, Shao XJ, Ji CR, Ji R, Zhou RC, Li GC, Liu GQ, He YS, Zuo XL, Li YQ (2020) Impact of a real-time automatic quality control system on colorectal polyp and adenoma detection: a prospective randomized controlled study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 91(2):415\u2013424.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2019.08.026","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2127_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317500","volume":"68","author":"P Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang P, Berzin TM, Glissen Brown JR, Bharadwaj S, Becq A, Xiao X, Liu P, Li L, Song Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Xu G, Tu M, Liu X (2019) Real-time automatic detection system increases colonoscopic polyp and adenoma detection rates: a prospective randomised controlled study. Gut 68(10):1813\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317500","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"34","key":"2127_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i34.5598","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang Y (2013) Epidemiology of esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 19(34):5598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v19.i34.5598","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"04","key":"2127_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0756-8754","volume":"51","author":"YY Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao YY, Xue DX, Wang YL, Zhang R, Sun B, Cai YP, Feng H, Cai Y, Xu JM (2019) Computer-assisted diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy. Endoscopy 51(04):333\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0756-8754","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2127_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou B, Khosla A, Lapedriza A, Oliva A, Torralba A (2016) Learning deep features for discriminative localization. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE, pp 2921\u20132929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2016.319","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.319"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-020-02127-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11548-020-02127-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-020-02127-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:51:49Z","timestamp":1615510309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11548-020-02127-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-020-02127-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-6410","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-6429","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"R. J. H. has received research grant support from Pentax Medical, Cook Endoscopy, Fractyl Ltd, Beamline Ltd and Covidien plc to support research infrastructure. T. V. owns shares from Mauna Kea Technologies, Paris, France. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Institutional Review Board of E-Da Hospital approved this study (IRB number: EMRP-097-022. July 2017).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}