{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:58:37Z","timestamp":1760403517564,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-025-03365-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T10:21:54Z","timestamp":1746786114000},"page":"2095-2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improvements in dementia classification for brain SPECT volumes using vision transformer and the Brodmann areas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5966-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Wakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomichi","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2719-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinobu","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3365_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Alzheimer's Disease International (2012) Dementia: a public health priority, pp 19. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/dementia-a-public-health-priority"},{"key":"3365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dementia Clinical Practice Guideline Development Committee (2017) Clinical practice guideline for dementia 2017. Japanese Society of Neurology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11477\/mf.1416200979","DOI":"10.11477\/mf.1416200979"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160629081956","volume":"14","author":"CA Sanchez-Catasus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanchez-Catasus CA, Stormezand GN, van Laar PJ, De Deyn PP, Alvarez Sanchez M, Dierckx RAJO (2017) FDG-PET for prediction of AD dementia in mild cognitive impairment. A review of the state of the art with particular emphasis on the comparison with other neuroimaging modalities (MRI and perfusion SPECT). Curr Alzheimer Res 14(2):127\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567205013666160629081956","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.12107","volume":"5","author":"T Mino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mino T, Saito H, Takeuchi J, Ito K, Takeda A, Ataka S, Shiomi S, Wada Y, Watanabe Y, Itoh Y (2016) Cerebral blood flow abnormality in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with or without amyloid \u03b2 accumulation on positron emission tomography. Neurol Clin Neurosci 5(2):55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ncn3.12107","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2018.2886237","volume":"12","author":"MR Ahmed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmed MR, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Lo B, Inan OT, Liao H (2019) Neuroimaging and machine learning for dementia diagnosis: recent advancements and future prospects. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 12:19\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RBME.2018.2886237","journal-title":"IEEE Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.05.012","volume":"237","author":"J Ram\u00edrez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez J, G\u00f3rriz JM, Salas-Gonzalez D, Romero A, L\u00f3pez M, \u00c1lvarez I, G\u00f3mez-R\u00edo M (2013) Computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s type dementia combining support vector machines and discriminant set of features. Inf Sci 237:59\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2009.05.012","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"3365_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062218","volume":"12","author":"WC Lien","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lien WC, Yeh CH, Chang CY, Chang CH, Wang WM, Chen CH, Lin YC (2023) Convolutional neural networks to classify Alzheimer\u2019s disease severity based on SPECT images: a comparative study. J Clin Med 12:2218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12062218","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3365_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45415-5","volume":"9","author":"T Iizuka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iizuka T, Fukasawa M, Kameyama M (2019) Deep-learning-based imaging-classification identified cingulate island sign in dementia with Lewy bodies. Sci Rep 9:8944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-45415-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-019-01969-3","volume":"2019","author":"M Yambe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yambe M, Saito A, Fukasawa M, Iizuka T, Shimizu A (2019) 3D deep convolutional neural network using SPECT images for classification of dementia type. CARS 2019:73\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-019-01969-3","journal-title":"CARS"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3365_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-021-02375-4","volume":"16","author":"N Matsumoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsumoto N, Saito A, Fukasawa M, Iizuka T, Shimizu A (2021) Improvement of dementia classification accuracy for brain SPECT volumes using the attention mechanism. IJCARS 16(Suppl 1):112\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-021-02375-4","journal-title":"IJCARS"},{"key":"3365_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.103000","volume":"91","author":"R Azad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azad R, Kazerouni A, Heidari M, Khodapanah AE, Molaei A, Jia Y, Jose A, Roy R, Merhof D (2024) Advances in medical image analysis with vision transformers: a comprehensive review. Med Image Anal 91:103000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2023.103000","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"3365_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2022.102332","volume":"130","author":"M Khojaste-Sarakhsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khojaste-Sarakhsi M, Haghighi SS, Ghomi SMTF, Marchiori E (2022) Deep learning for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis: a survey. Artif Intell Med 130:102332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2022.102332","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3365_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21049","volume":"27","author":"CR Jack","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jack CR, Bernstein MA, Fox NC, Thompson P, Alexander G, Harvey D, Borowski B, Britson PJ, Whitwell JL, Ward C, Dale AM, Felmlee JP, Gunter JL, Hill DLG, Killiany R, Schuff N, Fox\u2010Bosetti S, Lin C, Studholme C, De Carli CS, Krueger G, Ward HA, Metzger GJ, Scott KT, Mallozzi R, Blezek D, Levy J, Debbins JP, Fleisher AS, Albert M, Green R, Bartzokis G, Glover G, Mugler J, Weiner MW (2008) The Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI): MRI methods. J Magn Reson Imaging 27(4):685\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.21049","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"3365_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.14.39","volume":"4","author":"NT Bott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bott NT, Radke A, Stephens ML, Kramer JH (2014) Frontotemporal dementia: diagnosis, deficits and management. Neurodegener Dis Manag 4(6):439\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nmt.14.39","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"3365_CR15","first-page":"1238","volume":"36","author":"S Minoshima","year":"1995","unstructured":"Minoshima S, Frey KA, Koeppe RA, Foster NL, Kuhl DE (1995) A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 36(7):1238\u20131248","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3365_CR16","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A, Beyer L, Kolesnikov A, Weissenborn D, Zhai X, Unterthiner T, Dehghani M, Minderer M, Heigold G, Gelly S, Uszkoreit J, Houlsby N (2021) An image is worth 16 x 16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. ICLR"},{"issue":"4","key":"3365_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02988523","volume":"17","author":"S Mizumura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mizumura S, Kumita S, Cho K, Ishihara M, Nakajo H, Toba M, Kumazaki T (2003) Development of quantitative analysis method for stereotactic brain image: assessment of reduced accumulation in extent and severity using anatomical segmentation. Ann Nucl Med 17(4):289\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02988523","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"3365_CR18","unstructured":"Vaswani A, Shazeer N, Parmar N, Uszkoreit J, Jones L, GomezAN, Kaiser \u0141, Polosukhin I (2017) Attention is all you need. NIPS 30"},{"key":"3365_CR19","unstructured":"Diederik K, Jimmy L (2015) ADAM: a method for stochastic optimization. ICLR"},{"key":"3365_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abnar S, Zuidema W (2020) Quantifying Attention Flow in Transformers. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, pp 4190\u20134197. ACL. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.385","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.385"},{"issue":"1","key":"3365_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23636","volume":"523","author":"G Simi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simi\u0107 G, Hof PR (2015) In search of the definitive Brodmann\u2019s map of cortical areas in human. J Comp Neurol 523(1):5\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.23636","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"3365_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71050-9","volume-title":"Optimal transport","author":"C Villani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Villani C (2009) Optimal transport. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg"},{"issue":"10","key":"3365_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.065870","volume":"50","author":"SM Lim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lim SM, Katsifis A, Villemagne VL, Best R, Jones G, Saling M, Bradshaw J, Merory J, Woodward M, Hopwood M, Rowe CC (2009) The 18F-FDG PET cingulate island sign and comparison to 123I-\u03b2-CIT SPECT for diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. J Nucl Med 50(10):1638\u20131645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.109.065870","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"3365_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi X, Hu W (2022) A Survey of Image Style Transfer Research. 2022. 2nd International Conference on Computer Science, Electronic Information Engineering and Intelligent Control Technology (CEI), Nanjing, China, pp 133\u2013137","DOI":"10.1109\/CEI57409.2022.9950226"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-025-03365-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11548-025-03365-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-025-03365-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T17:08:06Z","timestamp":1760375286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11548-025-03365-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-025-03365-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-6429"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1861-6429"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and the 1975 Helsinki Declaration (revised in 2013).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human participants"}},{"value":"All the authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to IJCARS.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}