{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T06:33:00Z","timestamp":1792996380628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is thought to be due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. It is known that carpal tunnel pressures are elevated in wrist postures of flexion and extension and in those patients with CTS. Classic symptoms of CTS include night waking with pain, tingling, and numbness. These classic symptoms stimulated our interest in the relationship of sleep to the development of CTS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the literature surrounding the epidemiology of CTS and the literature regarding sleep disturbances. Through careful distillation of these studies and a process of reasoning, we have developed a hypothesis for a causal mechanism of CTS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiologically, it has been shown that CTS is associated with age, gender, increased body mass index (BMI), diabetes, pregnancy, and is more common in some populations. The same associations noted above for CTS are strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances due to age, gender, BMI, pregnancy, and population variations are all associated with sleeping in the lateral position supporting the hypothesis that a common causative mechanism of CTS is sleeping in a lateral position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We believe that the epidemiologic associations with CTS act through a common causative mechanism, increased sleeping in the lateral position which puts the wrist at increased risk of flexion or extension, compressing the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. This hypothesis is simple and explains the connection between a previously unconnected group of epidemiologic associations. This realization has real clinical significance in that it focuses our attention on the early disorder when it is completely reversible. It clarifies previously confused clinical circumstances, creates research questions that can be tested, and it invites us to change our clinical perspective in this most common form of nerve compression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T14:35:26Z","timestamp":1178030126000},"page":"127-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Epidemiologic Associations of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Sleep Position: Is there a Case for Causation?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Steven J.","family":"McCabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, The University of Louisville, 555 South Floyd Street, Suite 400, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Louisville, 555 South Floyd Street, Suite 400, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Uebele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Louisville, 555 South Floyd Street, Suite 400, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasyl","family":"Pihur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, The University of Louisville, 555 South Floyd Street, Suite 400, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto S.","family":"Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Hand & Micro Surgery, GECOT, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isam","family":"Atroshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, H\u00e4ssleholm-Kristianstad Hospitals, Kristianstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg046"},{"key":"bibr2-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.5.387"},{"key":"bibr3-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153"},{"key":"bibr4-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00201-8"},{"key":"bibr5-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.10.1257"},{"key":"bibr6-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20408"},{"key":"bibr7-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.12.1674"},{"key":"bibr8-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"169","volume":"29","author":"Bloom BJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr9-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.01.002"},{"key":"bibr10-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00297.x"},{"key":"bibr11-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198508001-00007"},{"key":"bibr12-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg045"},{"key":"bibr13-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.7.531"},{"key":"bibr14-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010244"},{"key":"bibr15-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DREM.0000005896.68083.ae"},{"key":"bibr16-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.10.1245"},{"key":"bibr17-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Sleep and respiration in aging adults","author":"Gislason T","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr18-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.8.863"},{"key":"bibr19-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000164354.61677.f5"},{"key":"bibr20-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000064460"},{"key":"bibr21-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2000.00705.x"},{"key":"bibr22-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(91)90032-9"},{"key":"bibr23-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-5-321"},{"key":"bibr24-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80057-9"},{"key":"bibr25-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"50","volume":"56","author":"Khurram M","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr26-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.4.540"},{"key":"bibr27-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1446-9235.2003.00040.x"},{"key":"bibr28-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004650-200307000-00006"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr29-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80174-1","volume":"22","author":"Mackinnon SE","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"bibr30-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.43.11"},{"key":"bibr31-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.289"},{"key":"bibr32-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200204000-00003"},{"key":"bibr33-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00966-5"},{"key":"bibr34-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(94)90044-2"},{"key":"bibr35-s11552-007-9035-5","unstructured":"35National Sleep Foundation (2005). Summary of findings: 2005 sleep in America poll. Available at http:\/\/www.sleepfoundation.org\/_content\/hottopics\/2005_summary_of_findings.pdf. Accessed June 5, 2005."},{"key":"bibr36-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.3.514"},{"key":"bibr37-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.10.734"},{"key":"bibr38-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10063"},{"key":"bibr39-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549"},{"key":"bibr40-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.07.001"},{"key":"bibr41-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.4.1018"},{"key":"bibr42-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.3.629"},{"key":"bibr43-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00637-X"},{"key":"bibr44-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"796","volume":"33","author":"Passarelli CM","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr45-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648020-00001"},{"key":"bibr46-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21584"},{"key":"bibr47-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh261"},{"key":"bibr48-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Sleep and respiration in aging adults","author":"Redline S","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr49-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"154","volume":"99","author":"Roost M","year":"2005","journal-title":"L\u00e4kartidningen"},{"key":"bibr50-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(03)90031-7"},{"key":"bibr51-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.059204"},{"key":"bibr52-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Sleep and respiration in aging adults","author":"Schmidt-Nowara WW","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr53-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-004-0229-0"},{"key":"bibr54-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"309","volume":"28","author":"Shepertycky MR","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"bibr55-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01487.x"},{"key":"bibr56-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(01)00110-1"},{"key":"bibr57-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(94)90103-1"},{"key":"bibr58-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90276-3"},{"key":"bibr59-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.11.008"},{"key":"bibr60-s11552-007-9035-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199511000-00008"},{"key":"bibr61-s11552-007-9035-5","first-page":"420","volume":"43","author":"Zohn DA","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:27:59Z","timestamp":1777447679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11552-007-9035-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}