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Snakebites frequently occur in the extremities with approximately two thirds of envenomations occurring in the upper extremities. In this study, we presented 12 cases of hand reconstruction after Vipera snakebites and discussed how to minimize functional loss and maximize hand rehabilitation. Twelve patients bitten by Vipera between 2001 and 2006 were included in this study. Groin flaps were performed in three cases, full-thickness grafts in two cases, thenar flaps in three cases, and cross finger flaps in three cases. With medical management, spontaneous healing occurred in one case. We prefer to use flaps on the volar site of the hand and, if the bone is not exposed, full-thickness grafts on the dorsal site of the hand. We also recommend starting rehabilitation of the hand early.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-008-9114-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,27]],"date-time":"2008-05-27T11:33:37Z","timestamp":1211888017000},"page":"324-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Management of Pit Viper Envenomation of the Hand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalcin","family":"Kulahci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Military Hospital, 38030 Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Zor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive 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