{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:01:27Z","timestamp":1772809287343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62171074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Chongqing Graduate Research and Innovation Projects","award":["CYS21325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS21325"]}]},{"name":"the Chongqing Graduate Research and Innovation Projects","award":["CYS22459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS22459"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Neurodyn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual joint attention, the ability to track gaze and recognize intent, plays a key role in the development of social and language skills in health humans, which is performed abnormally hard in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The traditional convolutional neural network, EEGnet, is an effective model for decoding technology, but few studies have utilized this model to address attentional training in ASD patients. In this study, EEGNet was used to decode the P300 signal elicited by training and the saliency map method was used to visualize the cognitive properties of ASD patients during visual attention. The results showed that in the spatial distribution, the parietal lobe was the main region of classification contribution, especially for Pz electrode. In the temporal information, the time period from 300 to 500\u00a0ms produced the greatest contribution to the electroencephalogram (EEG) classification, especially around 300\u00a0ms. After training for ASD patients, the gradient contribution was significantly enhanced at 300\u00a0ms, which was effective only in social scenarios. Meanwhile, with the increase of joint attention training, the P300 latency of ASD patients gradually shifted forward in social scenarios, but this phenomenon was not obvious in non-social scenarios. Our results indicated that joint attention training could improve the cognitive ability and responsiveness of social characteristics in ASD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-023-09947-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:02:54Z","timestamp":1680739374000},"page":"947-960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["EEG decoding for effects of visual joint attention training on ASD patients with interpretable and lightweight convolutional neural network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jianling","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yichao","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"9947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.819232","author":"M Akaiwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akaiwa M, Iwata K, Saito H, Shibata E, Sasaki T, Sugawara K (2022) The effect of pedaling at different cadence on attentional resources. Front Hum Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2022.819232","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"9947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.07.029","volume":"290","author":"CP Amaral","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amaral CP, Sim\u00f5es MA, Mouga S, Andrade J, Castelo-Branco M (2017) A novel brain computer interface for classification of social joint attention in autism and comparison of 3 experimental setups: a feasibility study. J Neurosci Methods 290:105\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.07.029","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"9947_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00477","volume":"12","author":"C Amaral","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amaral C, Mouga S, Sim\u00f5es M, Pereira HC, Bernardino I, Quental H, Playle R, McNamara R, Oliveira G, Castelo-Branco M (2018) A feasibility clinical trial to improve social attention in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) using a brain computer interface. Front Neurosci 12:477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00477","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"9947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012","volume":"58","author":"AB Arrieta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arrieta AB, D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez N, Del Ser J, Bennetot A, Tabik S, Barbado A, Garc\u00eda S, Gil-L\u00f3pez S, Molina D, Benjamins R (2020) Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Inf Fusion 58:82\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"9947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129997","author":"R Bakeman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bakeman R, Adamson LB (1984) Coordinating attention to people and objects in mother-infant and peer-infant interaction. Child Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1129997","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"9947_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060402","volume":"10","author":"E Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker E, Veytsman E, Martin AM, Blacher J, Stavropoulos KK (2020) Increased neural reward responsivity in adolescents with ASD after social skills intervention. Brain Sci 10:402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10060402","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"9947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.1989.tb00793.x","volume":"7","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S (1989) Perceptual role taking and protodeclarative pointing in autism. Br J Dev Psychol 7:113\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-835X.1989.tb00793.x","journal-title":"Br J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"9947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2020.05.032","volume":"129","author":"D Borra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borra D, Fantozzi S, Magosso E (2020) Interpretable and lightweight convolutional neural network for EEG decoding: application to movement execution and imagination. Neural Netw 129:55\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2020.05.032","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"9947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"056013","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/7\/5\/056013","volume":"7","author":"P Brunner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brunner P, Joshi S, Briskin S, Wolpaw JR, Bischof H, Schalk G (2010) Does the \u2018P300\u2019speller depend on eye gaze? J Neural Eng 7:056013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2560\/7\/5\/056013","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"9947_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.22683\/tsnr.2018.7.4.057","volume":"7","author":"SY Cho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho SY, Ju Y (2018) The effect of interactive metronome training on attention to autism spectrum disorder children: single case study. Therapeut Sci Rehabil 7:57\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22683\/tsnr.2018.7.4.057","journal-title":"Therapeut Sci Rehabil"},{"key":"9947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22563","volume":"78","author":"L Chukoskie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chukoskie L, Westerfield M, Townsend J (2018) A novel approach to training attention and gaze in ASD: a feasibility and efficacy pilot study. Dev Neurobiol 78:546\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dneu.22563","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"9947_CR12","unstructured":"Clevert DA, Unterthiner T, Hochreiter S (2015) Fast and accurate deep network learning by exponential linear units (elus). arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.07289"},{"key":"9947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1590\/s2317-17822013000200017","volume":"21","author":"F Edition","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edition F (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Am Psychiatric Assoc 21:591\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s2317-17822013000200017","journal-title":"Am Psychiatric Assoc"},{"key":"9947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Falck-Ytter T, Von Hofsten C (2011) Progress in brain research: gene expression to neurobiology and behavior: human brain development and developmental disorders. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-53884-0.00026-9","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53884-0.00026-9"},{"key":"9947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"066010","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab3bb4","volume":"16","author":"A Farahat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farahat A, Reichert C, Sweeney-Reed CM, Hinrichs H (2019) Convolutional neural networks for decoding of covert attention focus and saliency maps for EEG feature visualization. J Neural Eng 16:066010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab3bb4","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"9947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-20191329","volume":"33","author":"EB Friedel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Friedel EB, Bach M, Heinrich SP (2020) Attentional interactions between vision and hearing in event-related responses to crossmodal and conjunct oddballs. Multisensory Res 33:251\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/22134808-20191329","journal-title":"Multisensory Res"},{"key":"9947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fneng.2014.00021","volume":"7","author":"EV Friedrich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Friedrich EV, Suttie N, Sivanathan A, Lim T, Louchart S, Pineda JA (2014) Brain\u2013computer interface game applications for combined neurofeedback and biofeedback treatment for children on the autism spectrum. Front Neuroeng 7:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneng.2014.00021","journal-title":"Front Neuroeng"},{"key":"9947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060305","volume":"18","author":"O Golan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Golan O, Baron-Cohen S (2006) Systemizing empathy: teaching adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism to recognize complex emotions using interactive multimedia. Dev Psychopathol 18:591\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579406060305","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"9947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-021-09688-9","volume":"15","author":"S Hazra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hazra S, Pratap AA, Agrawal O, Nandy A (2021) On effective cognitive state classification using novel feature extraction strategies. Cogn Neurodyn 15:1125\u20131155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11571-021-09688-9","journal-title":"Cogn Neurodyn"},{"key":"9947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2013.37.2.263","volume":"37","author":"JS Hong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong JS, Lee JH, Yoon YH, Choi JH, Shin JE, Kim SM, Park YG (2013) The assessment of reliability of cognitive evoked potential in normal person. Ann Rehabil Med 37:263\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5535\/arm.2013.37.2.263","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"9947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57902-1","volume":"10","author":"DY Isaev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Isaev DY, Major S, Murias M, Carpenter KL, Carlson D, Sapiro G, Dawson G (2020) Relative average look duration and its association with neurophysiological activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 10:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-57902-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.948704","author":"W Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang W, Liu S, Zhang H, Sun X, Wang S, Zhao J, Yan J (2022) CNNG: a convolutional neural networks with gated recurrent units for ASD classification. Front Aging Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.948704","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"9947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13593","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13593","volume":"57","author":"SM Kamp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamp SM (2020) Preceding stimulus sequence effects on the oddball-P300 in young and healthy older adults. Psychophysiology 57:e13593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13593","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"9947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-021-01247-7","volume":"23","author":"CM Keifer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keifer CM, Day TC, Hauschild KM, Lerner MD (2021) Social and nonsocial reward anticipation in typical development and autism spectrum disorders: current status and future directions. Curr Psychiatr Rep 23:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-021-01247-7","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatr Rep"},{"key":"9947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/4\/007","volume":"3","author":"DJ Krusienski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krusienski DJ, Sellers EW, Cabestaing F, Bayoudh S, McFarland DJ, Vaughan TM, Wolpaw JR (2006) A comparison of classification techniques for the P300 Speller. J Neural Eng 3:299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/4\/007","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"9947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.07.017","volume":"167","author":"DJ Krusienski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krusienski DJ, Sellers EW, McFarland DJ, Vaughan TM, Wolpaw JR (2008) Toward enhanced P300 speller performance. J Neurosci Methods 167:15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.07.017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"9947_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"056013","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aace8c","volume":"15","author":"VJ Lawhern","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lawhern VJ, Solon AJ, Waytowich NR, Gordon SM, Hung CP, Lance BJ (2018) EEGNet: a compact convolutional neural network for EEG-based brain\u2013computer interfaces. J Neural Eng 15:056013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/aace8c","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"9947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin TY, Goyal P, Girshick R, He K, & Doll\u00e1r P (2017) Focal loss for dense object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision. pp. 2980\u20132988","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"9947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-6-1","volume":"6","author":"L Lit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lit L, Schweitzer JB, Iosif A-M, Oberbauer AM (2010) Owner reports of attention, activity, and impulsivity in dogs: a replication study. Behav Brain Funct 6:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-9081-6-1","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"9947_CR30","volume-title":"Autism diagnostic observation scale-WPS (ADOS-WPS)","author":"C Lord","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lord C, Rutter M, DiLavore P, Risi S (1999) Autism diagnostic observation scale-WPS (ADOS-WPS). Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles"},{"key":"9947_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044318","volume":"38","author":"K Lyall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lyall K, Croen L, Daniels J, Fallin MD, Ladd-Acosta C, Lee BK, Park BY, Snyder NW, Schendel D, Volk H (2017) The changing epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders. Ann Rev Public Health 38:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044318","journal-title":"Ann Rev Public Health"},{"key":"9947_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-014-9434-1","volume":"128","author":"DJ Marh\u00f6fer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marh\u00f6fer DJ, Bach M, Heinrich SP (2014) Faces are more attractive than motion: evidence from two simultaneous oddball paradigms. Doc Ophthalmol 128:201\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10633-014-9434-1","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9947_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.09.012","volume":"129","author":"C Nan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nan C, Wang G, Wang H, Wang X, Liu Z, Xiao L, Bai H, Wu S (2018) The P300 component decreases in a bimodal oddball task in individuals with depression: an event-related potentials study. Clin Neurophysiol 129:2525\u20132533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.09.012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9947_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1162\/153244304322972694","volume":"4","author":"C Perlich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perlich C, Provost F, Simonoff JS, Cohen W (2003) Tree induction vs. logistic regression: a learning-curve analysis. J Mach Learn Res 4(2):211\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/153244304322972694","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"9947_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199210000-00002","volume":"9","author":"TW Picton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Picton TW (1992) The P300 wave of the human event-related potential. J Clin Neurophysiol 9:456\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004691-199210000-00002","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"9947_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.032","volume":"79","author":"K Pierce","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pierce K, Marinero S, Hazin R, McKenna B, Barnes CC, Malige A (2016) Eye tracking reveals abnormal visual preference for geometric images as an early biomarker of an autism spectrum disorder subtype associated with increased symptom severity. Biol Psychiatr 79:657\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.032","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"9947_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-020-09634-1","volume":"14","author":"F Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen F, Dai G, Lin G, Zhang J, Kong W, Zeng H (2020) EEG-based emotion recognition using 4D convolutional recurrent neural network. Cogn Neurodyn 14:815\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11571-020-09634-1","journal-title":"Cogn Neurodyn"},{"key":"9947_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simonyan K, Vedaldi A, & Zisserman A (2013) Deep inside convolutional networks: visualising image classification models and saliency maps. Comput Sci https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1312.6034","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1312.6034"},{"key":"9947_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3371-2","volume":"48","author":"MM Spaniol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spaniol MM, Shalev L, Kossyvaki L, Mevorach C (2018) Attention training in autism as a potential approach to improving academic performance: a school-based pilot study. J Autism Dev Disord 48:592\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3371-2","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"9947_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.5555\/2627435.2670313","volume":"15","author":"N Srivastava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srivastava N, Hinton G, Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Salakhutdinov R (2014) Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. J Mach Learn Res 15:1929\u20131958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/2627435.2670313","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"9947_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0393-3","volume":"46","author":"E Sumner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sumner E, Leonard HC, Hill EL (2018) Comparing attention to socially-relevant stimuli in autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder. J Abnormal Child Psychol 46:1717\u20131729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-017-0393-3","journal-title":"J Abnormal Child Psychol"},{"key":"9947_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-6-28","volume":"6","author":"MS Treder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Treder MS, Blankertz B (2010) (C) overt attention and visual speller design in an ERP-based brain-computer interface. Behav Brain Funct 6:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-9081-6-28","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"9947_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00055","volume":"43","author":"JN van der Geest","year":"2002","unstructured":"van der Geest JN, Kemner C, Verbaten MN, van Engeland H (2002) Gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder toward human faces: a fixation time study. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 43:669\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00055","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatr"},{"key":"9947_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.3041859","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Zheng Y, Wang M, Shen Q, Huang J (2020a) Object-scale adaptive convolutional neural networks for high-spatial resolution remote sensing image classification. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observ Remote Sensing 14:283\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.3041859","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Observ Remote Sensing"},{"key":"9947_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2199","volume":"13","author":"Q Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Q, Wall CA, Barney EC, Bradshaw JL, Macari SL, Chawarska K, Shic F (2020b) Promoting social attention in 3-year-olds with ASD through gaze-contingent eye tracking. Autism Res 13:61\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2199","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"9947_CR520","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler Memory Scale\u2013Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) technical and interpretive manual"},{"key":"9947_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao Z, Wu D, Wang X, Zhang B, Yu F, Yang C, Peng Z, Chen X, Xie L, Lei X (2021) Wenet: production oriented streaming and non-streaming end-to-end speech recognition toolkit. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.01547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2102.01547","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2102.01547"},{"key":"9947_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2936913","volume":"15","author":"R Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang R, Zhu F, Liu J, Liu G (2019) Depth-wise separable convolutions and multi-level pooling for an efficient spatial CNN-based steganalysis. IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur 15:1138\u20131150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2936913","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Neurodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11571-023-09947-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11571-023-09947-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11571-023-09947-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T10:40:19Z","timestamp":1717152019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11571-023-09947-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11571-023-09947-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-4080","1871-4099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-4080","type":"print"},{"value":"1871-4099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The data used in this study were provided by Amaral et al. (Amaral et al. ). The data set can be found here ().","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}}]}}