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In women of childbearing age and pregnant women worldwide vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency has been reported with frequencies of 10%\u201350%. Children with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency are asymptomatic at birth but may develop severe multisystemic symptoms, including irreversible developmental impairment in the second half-year of life. Early detection of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency allows for presymptomatic treatment. This article provides an overview over the function of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and discusses causes and frequency of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in newborns, infants, and women of childbearing age. It describes novel successful approaches to newborn screening (NBS) for vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency and results of a pilot study which performed systematic NBS for vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency using so-called second-tier strategies by measuring homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in dried blood spots. Recommendations for diagnostics in mothers of children with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency are described as well as results of systematic work-up in mothers and treatment and follow-up of children with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency detected by NBS. Treatment options of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency are presented including a newly developed standardized supplementation scheme with exclusively oral vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> supplementation. Recommendations for preventive approaches to vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency for children and mothers are stated. Many children worldwide could benefit from systematic inclusion of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency into NBS panels. In addition, preventive approaches to maternal vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency should be implemented systematically during maternal care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2260-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1603994589000},"page":"801-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Newborns and their Mothers\u2014Novel Approaches to Early Detection, Treatment and Prevention of a Global Health Issue"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Gwendolyn","family":"Gramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg F.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4524","key":"2260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/178064a0","volume":"178","author":"DC Hodgkin","year":"1956","unstructured":"Hodgkin DC, Kamper J, Mackay M, et al. 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