{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:23:33Z","timestamp":1792585413322,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CURR MED SCI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-022-2610-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T16:02:46Z","timestamp":1660406566000},"page":"817-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Occupational Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure on the Thyroid Gland of Workers: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yuan-yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-guo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-hua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tie-jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2610_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijengsci.2005.11.001","volume":"44","author":"SA Zhou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhou SA, Uesaka M. Bioelectrodynamics in living organisms. Int J Eng Sci, 2006,44(1):67\u201392","journal-title":"Int J Eng Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2610_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.102","volume":"23","author":"A Boland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boland A, Delapierre D, Mossay D, et al. Effect of intermittent and continuous exposure to electromagnetic fields on cultured hippocampal cells. Bioelectromagnetics, 2002,23(2):97\u2013105","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"2610_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.12.025","volume":"112","author":"L Migault","year":"2018","unstructured":"Migault L, Piel C, Carles C, et al. Maternal cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and pregnancy outcomes in the Elfe cohort. Environ Int, 2018,112:165\u2013173","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2610_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-8603(02)00004-6","volume":"7","author":"P Diniz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diniz P, Soejima K, Ito G. Nitric oxide mediates the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Nitric Oxide, 2002,7(1):18\u201323","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"3","key":"2610_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/15368370802289604","volume":"27","author":"Y Wei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wei Y, Xiaolin H, Tao S. Effects of extremely low-frequency-pulsed electromagnetic field on different-derived osteoblast-like cells. Electromagn Biol Med, 2008,27(3):298\u2013311","journal-title":"Electromagn Biol Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2610_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"519","author":"S Ivancsits","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ivancsits S, Diem E, Pilger A, et al. Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts. Mutat Res, 2002,519(1\u20132):1\u201313","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2610_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.85","volume":"22","author":"GL Hu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hu GL, Chiang H, Zeng QL, et al. ELF magnetic field inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication and induces hyperphosphorylation of connexin43 in NIH3T3 cells. Bioelectromagnetics, 2001,22(8):568\u2013573","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2610_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R761","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.3.R761","volume":"279","author":"AA Marino","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marino AA, Wolcott RM, Chervenak R, et al. Nonlinear response of the immune system to power-frequency magnetic fields. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2000,279(3):R761\u2013768","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2610_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.82","volume":"22","author":"AA Marino","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marino AA, Wolcott RM, Chervenak R, et al. Nonlinear dynamical law governs magnetic field induced changes in lymphoid phenotype. Bioelectromagnetics, 2001,22(8):529\u2013546","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2610_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05563-8","volume":"47","author":"A Karimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karimi A, Ghadiri Moghaddam F, Valipour M. Insights in the biology of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields exposure on human health. Mol Biol Rep, 2020,47(7):5621\u20135633","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2610_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"80","author":"IARC","year":"2002","unstructured":"IARC, Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 2002,80:1\u2013395","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2610_CR12","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields","author":"L Kheifets","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kheifets L, Swanson J. Childhood Leukemia and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields: Critical Evaluation of Epidemiologic Evidence Using Hill\u2019s Framework. In: Roosli M, eds. Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields. New York: CRC Press, 2014:141\u2013160"},{"issue":"5","key":"2610_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1376","volume":"83","author":"A Ahlbom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, et al. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer, 2000,83(5):692\u2013698","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2610_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605838","volume":"103","author":"L Kheifets","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kheifets L, Ahlbom A, Crespi CM, et al. Pooled analysis of recent studies on magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer, 2010,103(7):1128\u20131135","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2610_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181757a27","volume":"50","author":"L Kheifets","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kheifets L, Monroe J, Vergara X, et al. Occupational electromagnetic fields and leukemia and brain cancer: an update to two meta-analyses. J Occup Environ Med, 2008,50(6):677\u2013688","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2610_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000802085441","volume":"84","author":"RK Sinha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sinha RK. Chronic non-thermal exposure of modulated 2450 MHz microwave radiation alters thyroid hormones and behavior of male rats. Int J Radiat Biol, 2008,84(6):505\u2013513","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2610_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"R Hajizadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hajizadeh R, Mehri A, Razavi SMH, et al. Effect of occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on level of thyroid hormones effective on fatigue. Iran Occup Health J, 2019,16(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Iran Occup Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2610_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1011","volume":"32","author":"V Lope","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lope V, P\u00e9rez-G\u00f3mez B, Aragon\u00e9s N, et al. Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields in relation to the risk of thyroid cancer in Sweden. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2006,32(4):276\u2013284","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2610_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22375","volume":"42","author":"F de Vocht","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Vocht F. Interpretation of Timetrends (1996\u20132017) of the Incidence of Selected Cancers in England in Relation to Mobile Phone Use as a Possible Risk Factor. Bioelectromagnetics, 2021,42(8):609\u2013615","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2610_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071185","volume":"16","author":"M Fiore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiore M, Oliveri Conti G, Caltabiano R, et al. Role of Emerging Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer: A Brief Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019,16(7):1185","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2610_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1604412","volume":"375","author":"S Vaccarella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vaccarella S, Franceschi S, Bray F, et al. Worldwide Thyroid-Cancer Epidemic? The Increasing Impact of Overdiagnosis. N Engl J Med, 2016,375(7):614\u2013617","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2610_CR22","volume-title":"Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis","author":"S Mariotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mariotti S, Beck-Peccoz P, Feingold S, et al. Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Available online: https:\/\/www.endotext.org\/chapter\/physiology-of-the-hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis\/(Last accessed on 10 Jon 2022)."},{"key":"2610_CR23","first-page":"745","volume":"9","author":"H Kunt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kunt H, \u015eent\u00fcrk \u0130, G\u00f6n\u00fcl Y, et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure on bone mineral density, thyroid, and oxidative stress index in electrical workers. Onco Targets Ther, 2016,9:745\u2013754","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2610_CR24","first-page":"96","volume":"33","author":"Chinese Society of Endocrinology C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Endocrinology C, Association EGoSBoCM, Cancer HaNOCoCAA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Chin J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (Chinese), 2013,33(2):96\u2013115","journal-title":"Chin J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2610_CR25","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Std C95.3.1\u2122-2010","author":"Engineers IoEaE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engineers IoEaE. IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields with Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 0 Hz to 100 kHz. IEEE Std C95.3.1\u2122-2010, 2010:1\u2013101"},{"issue":"2","key":"2610_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2016.041","volume":"4","author":"AI Amin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amin AI, Hegazy NM, Ibrahim KS, et al. Thyroid Hormone Indices in Computer Workers with Emphasis on the Role of Zinc Supplementation. Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 2016,4(2):296\u2013301","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2610_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-8166(03)00029-6","volume":"35","author":"V Rajkovic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rajkovic V, Matavulj M, Gledic D, et al. Evaluation of rat thyroid gland morphophysiological status after three months exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field. Tissue Cell, 2003,35(3):223\u2013231","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2610_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2010.501837","volume":"86","author":"V Rajkovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rajkovic V, Matavulj M, Johansson O. Studies on the synergistic effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and the endocrine-disrupting compound atrazine on the thyroid gland. Int J Radiat Biol, 2010,86(12):1050\u20131060","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2610_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05096-z","volume":"26","author":"JF Asl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asl JF, Larijani B, Zakerkish M, et al. The possible global hazard of cell phone radiation on thyroid cells and hormones: a systematic review of evidences. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019,26(18):18017\u201318031","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"2610_CR30","first-page":"e17329","volume":"13","author":"T Alkayyali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alkayyali T, Ochuba O, Srivastava K, et al. An Exploration of the Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phones and Extremely Low Frequency Radiation on Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Gland Histopathology. Cureus, 2021,13(8):e17329","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2610_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00085","volume":"6","author":"MM Rosado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosado MM, Simk\u00f3 M, Mattsson MO, et al. Immune-Modulating Perspectives for Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Innate Immunity. Front Public Health, 2018 Mar 26,6:85","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2610_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2019.07.007","volume":"846","author":"M Bagheri Hosseinabadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Mirzaii M, et al. DNA damage from long-term occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields among power plant workers. Mutat Res, 2019,846:403079","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2610_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.12.012","volume":"88","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Lai J, Ruan G, et al. Meta-analysis of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer risk: a pooled analysis of epidemiologic studies. Environ Int, 2016,88:36\u201343","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"2610_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2015.1050545","volume":"55","author":"I Kato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kato I, Young A, Liu J, et al. Electric Blanket Use and Risk of Thyroid Cancer in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Observational Cohort. Women Health, 2015,55(7):829\u2013841","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2610_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-019-6289-8","volume":"30","author":"H Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang H, Tang X, Li W, et al. Enhanced osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells cultured on hydroxyapatite\/collagen I scaffold in the presence of low-frequency magnetic field. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2019,30(8):89","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"2610_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00266","volume":"10","author":"CL Ross","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ross CL, Ang DC, Almeida-Porada G. Targeting Mesenchymal Stromal Cells\/Pericytes (MSCs) With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Has the Potential to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol, 2019,10:266","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2610_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.861","volume":"5","author":"M Vadal\u00e0","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vadal\u00e0 M, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, et al. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in oncology. Cancer Med, 2016,5(11):3128\u20133139","journal-title":"Cancer Med"}],"container-title":["Current Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11596-022-2610-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11596-022-2610-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11596-022-2610-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T04:02:51Z","timestamp":1660449771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11596-022-2610-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11596-022-2610-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-5230","2523-899X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-5230","type":"print"},{"value":"2523-899X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest Statement"}}]}}