{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:51:08Z","timestamp":1792515068346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T07:02:27Z","timestamp":1589094147000},"page":"809-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Comprehensive review of Wernicke encephalopathy: pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and imaging findings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8992-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Ota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristides A.","family":"Capizzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Moritani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Naganawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"989_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12522","volume":"44","author":"N Latt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Latt N, Dore G. Thiamine in the treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in patients with alcohol use disorders. Intern Med J. 2014;44(9):911\u20135.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9200-7","volume":"22","author":"ME Lough","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lough ME. Wernicke's encephalopathy: expanding the diagnostic toolbox. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012;22(2):181\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-012-9200-7.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"989_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03153.x","volume":"17","author":"R Galvin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galvin R, Brathen G, Ivashynka A, Hillbom M, Tanasescu R, Leone MA. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(12):1408\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03153.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200202000-00010","volume":"323","author":"PR Ogershok","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ogershok PR, Rahman A, Nestor S, Brick J. Wernicke encephalopathy in nonalcoholic patients. Am J Med Sci. 2002;323(2):107\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0075","volume":"30","author":"A Chandrakumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chandrakumar A, Bhardwaj A, Jong GW. Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018;30(2):153\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0075.","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"989_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503596","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/503596","volume":"2014","author":"G Manzo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manzo G, De Gennaro A, Cozzolino A, Serino A, Fenza G, Manto A. MR imaging findings in alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:503596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/503596.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"989_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70104-7","volume":"6","author":"G Sechi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sechi G, Serra A. Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(5):442\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3959","volume":"192","author":"G Zuccoli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zuccoli G, Pipitone N. Neuroimaging findings in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: review of the literature. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192(2):501\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.07.3959.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1280","volume":"30","author":"G Zuccoli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zuccoli G, Santa Cruz D, Bertolini M, Rovira A, Gallucci M, Carollo C, et al. MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(1):171\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A1280.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9203-4","volume":"22","author":"YC Jung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jung YC, Chanraud S, Sullivan EV. Neuroimaging of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012;22(2):170\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-012-9203-4.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1374-3","volume":"40","author":"JA Stokum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stokum JA, Kurland DB, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated cerebral edema. Neurochem Res. 2015;40(2):317\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-014-1374-3.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"989_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00211","volume":"8","author":"R Cabezas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cabezas R, Avila M, Gonzalez J, El-Bach\u00e1 RS, B\u00e1ez E, Garc\u00eda-Segura LM, et al. Astrocytic modulation of blood brain barrier: perspectives on Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:211.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"989_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.08.010","volume":"37","author":"AS Thrane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thrane AS, Rangroo Thrane V, Nedergaard M. Drowning stars: reassessing the role of astrocytes in brain edema. Trends Neurosci. 2014;37(11):620\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2014.08.010.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agm144","volume":"43","author":"AD Thomson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomson AD, Cook CC, Guerrini I, Sheedy D, Harper C, Marshall EJ. Wernicke's encephalopathy revisited: translation of the case history section of the original manuscript by Carl Wernicke 'Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Aerzte and Studirende' (1881) with a commentary. Alcohol. 2008;43(2):174\u20139.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.018","volume":"94","author":"S Sinha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinha S, Kataria A, Kolla BP, Thusius N, Loukianova LL. Wernicke encephalopathy-clinical pearls. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(6):1065\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.018.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.02.019","volume":"92","author":"AJ Chamorro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chamorro AJ, Ros\u00f3n-Hern\u00e1ndez B, Medina-Garc\u00eda JA, Muga-Bustamante R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e1 J, Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez MC, et al. Differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with wernicke encephalopathy: a multicenter observational study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(6):899\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.02.019.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0827","volume":"29","author":"GQ Fei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fei GQ, Zhong C, Jin L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zheng X, et al. Clinical characteristics and MR imaging features of nonalcoholic wernicke encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29(1):164\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A0827.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR18","first-page":"134","volume":"27","author":"PR Martin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martin PR, Singleton CK, Hiller-Sturmh\u00f6fel S. The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(2):134\u201342.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"989_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.03.006","volume":"236","author":"E Oudman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oudman E, Wijnia JW, Oey M, van Dam M, Painter RC, Postma A. Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;236:84\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.03.006.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600106","volume":"26","author":"VK Kotha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kotha VK, De Souza A. Wernicke's encephalopathy following Hyperemesis gravidarum: a report of three cases. Neuroradiol J. 2013;26(1):35\u201340.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"989_CR21","first-page":"4636","volume":"9","author":"JM Buesa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buesa JM, Garc\u00eda-Teijido P, Losa R, Fra J. Treatment of ifosfamide encephalopathy with intravenous thiamin. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(12):4636\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30109-7","volume":"17","author":"G Sechi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sechi G, Batzu L, Agr\u00f2 L, Fois C. Cancer-related Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(6):e221\u2013e22222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30109-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2009.24.4.747","volume":"24","author":"IJ Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho IJ, Chang HJ, Lee KE, Won HS, Choi MY, Nam EM, et al. A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy following fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. J Korean Med Sci. 2009;24(4):747\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2009.24.4.747.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2007.00188.x","volume":"18","author":"G Zuccoli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zuccoli G, Motti L. Atypical Wernicke's encephalopathy showing lesions in the cranial nerve nuclei and erebellum. J Neuroimaging. 2008;18(2):194\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2007.00188.x.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0438-3","volume":"23","author":"J Bonucchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bonucchi J, Hassan I, Policeni B, Kaboli P. Thyrotoxicosis associated Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(1):106\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004","volume":"57","author":"JW Wijnia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wijnia JW, Oudman E, van Gool WA, Wierdsma AI, Bresser EL, Bakker J, et al. Severe infections are common in thiamine deficiency and may be related to cognitive outcomes: a cohort study of 68 patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Psychosomatics. 2016;57(6):624\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.03.003","volume":"25","author":"MW Donnino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Donnino MW, Carney E, Cocchi MN, Barbash I, Chase M, Joyce N, et al. Thiamine deficiency in critically ill patients with sepsis. J Crit Care. 2010;25(4):576\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.03.003.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"989_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-171","volume":"11","author":"K Yamada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamada K, Miura K, Hara K, Suzuki M, Nakanishi K, Kumagai T, et al. A wide spectrum of clinical and brain MRI findings in patients with SLC19A3 mutations. BMC Med Genet. 2010;11:171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2350-11-171.","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"989_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-83","volume":"8","author":"M Alfadhel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alfadhel M, Almuntashri M, Jadah RH, Bashiri FA, Al Rifai MT, Al Shalaan H, et al. Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease should be renamed biotin-thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease: a retrospective review of the clinical, radiological and molecular findings of 18 new cases. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1172-8-83.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR30","first-page":"251","volume":"15","author":"R Ashikaga","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ashikaga R, Araki Y, Ono Y, Itami N, Akamatsu M, Kinoshita K. FLAIR appearance of Wernicke encephalopathy. Radiat Med. 1997;15(4):251\u20133.","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR31","first-page":"311","volume":"13","author":"M Maeda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maeda M, Tsuchida C, Handa Y, Ishii Y. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in acute Wernicke encephalopathy. Radiat Med. 1995;13(6):311\u20133.","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"989_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1043-8","volume":"45","author":"J Halavaara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Halavaara J, Brander A, Lyytinen J, Set\u00e4l\u00e4 K, Kallela M. Wernicke's encephalopathy: is diffusion-weighted MRI useful? Neuroradiology. 2003;45(8):519\u201323.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050741","volume":"41","author":"M Mascalchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mascalchi M, Simonelli P, Tessa C, Giangaspero F, Petruzzi P, Bosincu L, et al. Do acute lesions of Wernicke's encephalopathy show contrast enhancement? Report of three cases and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 1999;41(4):249\u201354.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"989_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0544","volume":"28","author":"G Zuccoli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zuccoli G, Gallucci M, Capellades J, Regnicolo L, Tumiati B, Giad\u00e1s TC, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings at clinical presentation in twenty-six alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28(7):1328\u201331.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(01)00304-3","volume":"108","author":"T Murata","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murata T, Fujito T, Kimura H, Omori M, Itoh H, Wada Y. Serial MRI and (1)H-MRS of Wernicke's encephalopathy: report of a case with remarkable cerebellar lesions on MRI. Psychiatry Res. 2001;108(1):49\u201355.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"989_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301107","volume":"32","author":"A Pfefferbaum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pfefferbaum A, Adalsteinsson E, Bell RL, Sullivan EV. Development and resolution of brain lesions caused by pyrithiamine- and dietary-induced thiamine deficiency and alcohol exposure in the alcohol-preferring rat: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32(5):1159\u201377.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"989_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1624-7","volume":"13","author":"S Weidauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weidauer S, Nichtweiss M, Lanfermann H, Zanella FE. Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings and clinical presentation. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(5):1001\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"989_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5203","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5203","volume":"11","author":"D Pandey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pandey D, Kuhn JL, Tejero H, Banks JS. Alcohol induced wernicke encephalopathy with atypical MRI findings. Cureus. 2019;11(7):e5203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.5203.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8","key":"989_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050896","volume":"9","author":"G Opdenakker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Opdenakker G, Gelin G, De Surgeloose D, Palmers Y. Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings in two patients. Eur Radiol. 1999;9(8):1620\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"989_CR40","first-page":"2301","volume":"26","author":"C Zhong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhong C, Jin L, Fei G. MR Imaging of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy: a follow-up study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26(9):2301\u20135.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"989_CR41","first-page":"1668","volume":"26","author":"L Kornreich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kornreich L, Bron-Harlev E, Hoffmann C, Schwarz M, Konen O, Schoenfeld T, et al. Thiamine deficiency in infants: MR findings in the brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26(7):1668\u2013744.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-009-0604-x","volume":"52","author":"G Zuccoli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zuccoli G, Siddiqui N, Bailey A, Bartoletti SC. Neuroimaging findings in pediatric Wernicke encephalopathy: a review. Neuroradiology. 2010;52(6):523\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-009-0604-x.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"989_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1139","volume":"29","author":"A Rovira","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rovira A, Alonso J, C\u00f3rdoba J. MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29(9):1612\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A1139.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"989_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2112","volume":"31","author":"AM McKinney","year":"2010","unstructured":"McKinney AM, Lohman BD, Sarikaya B, Uhlmann E, Spanbauer J, Singewald T, et al. Acute hepatic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recoveryfindings, and correlation with plasma ammonia level and clinical outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(8):1471\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A2112.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"989_CR45","first-page":"22","volume":"75","author":"RJ Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin RJ. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(3):22\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.4130","volume":"195","author":"G Zuccoli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zuccoli G, Siddiqui N, Cravo I, Bailey A, Gallucci M, Harper CG. Neuroimaging findings in alcohol-related encephalopathies. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(6):1378\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.09.4130.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2024","volume":"189","author":"AM McKinney","year":"2007","unstructured":"McKinney AM, Short J, Truwit CL, McKinney ZJ, Kozak OS, SantaCruz KS, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: incidence of atypical regions of involvement and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189(4):904\u201312.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T03:17:05Z","timestamp":1640315825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent for study participation was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}