{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:10:21Z","timestamp":1783055421432,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003385","name":"Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) on real-time MRI and compare imaging parameters to EGJ morphology on high-resolution manometry (HRM).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 105 of 117 eligible patients who underwent real-time MRI and high-resolution manometry for GERD-like symptoms between 2015 and 2018 at a single center were retrospectively evaluated (male <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200957; female <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948; mean age 52.5\u2009\u00b1\u200915.4\u00a0years). Real-time MRI was performed at a median investigation time of 15\u00a0min (1 frame\/40\u00a0ms). On HRM, EGJ morphology was assessed according to the Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders. Real-time MRI was performed at 3\u00a0T using highly undersampled radial fast low-angle shot acquisitions with NLINV image reconstruction. A 10\u00a0mL pineapple juice bolus served as oral contrast agent at supine position. Real-time MRI films of the EGJ were acquired during swallowing events and during Valsalva maneuver. Anatomic and functional MRI parameters were compared to EGJ morphology on HRM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>On HRM, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200942 patients presented with EGJ type I (40.0%), <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933 with EGJ type II (31.4%), and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930 with EGJ type III (28.6%). On real-time MRI, hiatal hernia was more common in patients with EGJ type III (66.7%) than in patients with EGJ type I (26.2%) and EGJ type II (30.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Sliding hiatal hernia was more frequent in patients with EGJ type II (33.3%) than in patients with EGJ type III (16.7%) and EGJ type I (7.1%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). The mean esophagus\u2013fundus angle of patients was 85\u2009\u00b1\u200931\u00b0 at rest and increased to 101\u2009\u00b1\u200936\u00b0 during Valsalva maneuver.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Real-time MRI is a non-invasive imaging method for assessment of the esophagogastric junction. Real-time MRI can visualize dynamic changes of the EGJ during swallowing events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-021-01210-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T14:04:53Z","timestamp":1638885893000},"page":"376-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of esophagogastric junction morphology by dynamic real-time MRI: comparison of imaging features to high-resolution manometry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Biggemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Uhlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Gliem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Al-Bourini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edris","family":"Wedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Ellenrieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Uecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Frahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Lotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Seif Amir","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Streit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x","volume":"101","author":"N Vakil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(8):1900\u201320.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703273361306","volume":"336","author":"RK Mittal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mittal RK, Balaban DH. The esophagogastric junction. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(13):924\u201332.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Pt.3","key":"1210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.124032","volume":"580","author":"JG Brasseur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brasseur JG, Ulerich R, Dai Q, Patel DK, Soliman AM, Miller LS. Pharmacological dissection of the human gastro-oesophageal segment into three sphincteric components. J Physiol. 2007;580(Pt.3):961\u201375.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1210_CR4","first-page":"25","volume":"153","author":"KB Thor","year":"1987","unstructured":"Thor KB, Hill LD, Mercer DD, Kozarek RD. Reappraisal of the flap valve mechanism in the gastroesophageal junction. A study of a new valvuloplasty procedure in cadavers. Acta Chir Scand. 1987;153(1):25\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"1210_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70006-8","volume":"44","author":"LD Hill","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hill LD, Kozarek RA, Kraemer SJ, Aye RW, Mercer CD, Low DE, et al. The gastroesophageal flap valve: in vitro and in vivo observations. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996;44(5):541\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1210_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109667","volume":"65","author":"J Dent","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dent J, Dodds WJ, Friedman RH, Sekiguchi T, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC, et al. Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects. J Clin Investig. 1980;65(2):256\u201367.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"1210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90351-8","volume":"109","author":"RK Mittal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mittal RK, Holloway RH, Penagini R, Blackshaw LA, Dent J. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Gastroenterology. 1995;109(2):601\u201310.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)80003-R","volume":"100","author":"S Sloan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sloan S, Kahrilas PJ. Impairment of esophageal emptying with hiatal hernia. Gastroenterology. 1991;100(3):596\u2013605.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1210_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-12-977","volume":"117","author":"S Sloan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sloan S, Rademaker AW, Kahrilas PJ. Determinants of gastroesophageal junction incompetence: hiatal hernia, lower esophageal sphincter, or both? Ann Intern Med. 1992;117(12):977\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1210_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01138.x","volume":"102","author":"JE Pandolfino","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pandolfino JE, Kim H, Ghosh SK, Clarke JO, Zhang Q, Kahrilas PJ. High-resolution manometry of the EGJ: an analysis of crural diaphragm function in GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(5):1056\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12477","volume":"27","author":"PJ Kahrilas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Fox M, Gyawali CP, Roman S, Smout AJPM, et al. The Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders, v30. Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc. 2015;27(2):160\u201374.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23591","volume":"35","author":"S Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang S, Olthoff A, Frahm J. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of normal swallowing. J Magn Resonance Imaging JMRI. 2012;35(6):1372\u20139.","journal-title":"J Magn Resonance Imaging JMRI"},{"key":"1210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.04.029","volume":"104","author":"A Seif Amir Hosseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seif Amir Hosseini A, Beham A, Uhlig J, Streit U, Uhlig A, Ellenrieder V, et al. Intra- and interobserver variability in the diagnosis of GERD by real-time MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2018;104:14\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/493174","volume":"2014","author":"A Olthoff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olthoff A, Zhang S, Schweizer R, Frahm J. On the physiology of normal swallowing as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging in real time. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2014;2014:1.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"1210_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06025-x","volume":"29","author":"A Seif Amir Hosseini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seif Amir Hosseini A, Uhlig J, Streit U, Voit D, Uhlig A, Ellenrieder V, et al. Real-time MRI for the dynamic assessment of fundoplication failure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Eur Radiol. 2019;29:4691.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1210_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1585","volume":"23","author":"M Uecker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uecker M, Zhang S, Voit D, Karaus A, Merboldt KD, Frahm J. Real-time MRI at a resolution of 20 ms. NMR Biomed. 2010;23(8):986\u201394.","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"1210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06284-8","volume":"29","author":"A Seif Amir Hosseini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seif Amir Hosseini A, Uhlig J, Streit U, Uhlig A, Sprenger T, Wedi E, et al. Hiatal hernias in patients with GERD-like symptoms: evaluation of dynamic real-time MRI vs endoscopy. Eur Radiol. 2019;29:6653.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1210_CR18","first-page":"122","volume":"5","author":"S Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang S, Joseph AA, Gross L, Ghadimi M, Frahm J, Beham AW. Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease using real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep. 2015;5:122.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1210_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.3.8751689","volume":"167","author":"EK Grishaw","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grishaw EK, Ott DJ, Frederick MG, Gelfand DW, Chen MY. Functional abnormalities of the esophagus: a prospective analysis of radiographic findings relative to age and symptoms. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(3):719\u201323.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.10.053","volume":"130","author":"AJ Bredenoord","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Timmer R, Smout AJ. Intermittent spatial separation of diaphragm and lower esophageal sphincter favors acidic and weakly acidic reflux. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(2):334\u201340.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1210_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000037799.29678.94","volume":"49","author":"AJ Bredenoord","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Carmagnola S, Smout AJ. Double-peaked high-pressure zone at the esophagogastric junction in controls and in patients with a hiatal hernia: a study using high-resolution manometry. Dig Dis Sci. 2004;49(7\u20138):1128\u201335.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1210_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90748-3","volume":"109","author":"PJ Kahrilas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kahrilas PJ, Wu S, Lin S, Pouderoux P. Attenuation of esophageal shortening during peristalsis with hiatus hernia. Gastroenterology. 1995;109(6):1818\u201325.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.444","volume":"108","author":"PO Katz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(3):308\u201328 (quiz 29).","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314722","volume":"67","author":"CP Gyawali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gyawali CP, Kahrilas PJ, Savarino E, Zerbib F, Mion F, Smout AJPM, et al. Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon Consensus. Gut. 2018;67(7):1351\u201362.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"1210_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0246-x","volume":"16","author":"V Panebianco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Panebianco V, Habib FI, Tomei E, Paolantonio P, Anzidei M, Laghi A, et al. Initial experience with magnetic resonance fluoroscopy in the evaluation of oesophageal motility disorders Comparison with manometry and barium fluoroscopy. Eur Radiol. 2006;16(9):1926\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1210_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3267-x","volume":"24","author":"C Kulinna-Cosentini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kulinna-Cosentini C, Schima W, Ba-Ssalamah A, Cosentini EP. MRI patterns of Nissen fundoplication: normal appearance and mechanisms of failure. Eur Radiol. 2014;24(9):2137\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1210_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.25","volume":"109","author":"J Curcic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Curcic J, Roy S, Schwizer A, Kaufman E, Forras-Kaufman Z, Menne D, et al. Abnormal structure and function of the esophagogastric junction and proximal stomach in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(5):658\u201367.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-021-01210-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-021-01210-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-021-01210-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T23:05:09Z","timestamp":1649027109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-021-01210-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-021-01210-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Lorenz Biggemann: research funding by the Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung; speaker fees by Bristol-Myers Squibb unrelated to this study. Martin Uecker: patent royalties\/licensing fees by the Max-Planck-Innovation GmbH. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}