{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:43:40Z","timestamp":1792809820015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21K07563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interstitial fluid status in a wide range of age groups using diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI\u2013ALPS) method, which is a simplified variation of diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI\u2013ALPS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included data from 128 patients who underwent clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, including DWI, and were found to have no abnormal findings in the brain on MRI. Three motion-probing gradients of the DWI were applied in an orthogonal direction to the imaging plane. Apparent diffusion coefficient images in the\n                      <jats:italic>x-<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>y-<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>z-<\/jats:italic>\n                      axes were retrospectively generated, and composite color images were created to locate the projection and association fiber area on the slice including the body of the lateral ventricle. ALPS indices were calculated, and correlations with age were evaluated using linear and second-degree regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was also performed for a subgroup of patients older than 40\u00a0years. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test among the generations was performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The linear regression analysis between age and the ALPS index showed a correlation coefficient of \u22120.20 for all age group and \u22120.51 for the subgroup older than 40\u00a0years. The second-degree regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.39. ANOVA showed that the 40\u2019s generation showed a statistically significant higher value of ALPS index compared to all other generations except for the 30\u2019s generation. While, the 70\u2019s generation showed a statistically significant lower value of the ALPS index compared to all other generations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis of the DWI\u2013APLS method showed a correlation between age and the ALPS index in second-degree distribution which peaked in the 40\u2019s generation. This finding in normal subjects may be fundamental in the analysis of disease cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Secondary abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tried to evaluate the glymphatic system status in a wide range of age groups using diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI\u2013ALPS) method, and the results showed a correlation between age and the ALPS index in second-degree distribution which peaked in the 40\u2019s generation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-022-01275-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T23:59:56Z","timestamp":1651017596000},"page":"894-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI\u2013ALPS) for evaluating interstitial fluid status: age dependence in normal subjects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9227-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Taoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rintaro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Nakamichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Nakane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuko","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushige","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Naganawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"147","key":"1275_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147ra11","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","volume":"4","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, et al. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta. Science translational medicine. 2012;4(147):147ra11.","journal-title":"Science translational medicine."},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24271","volume":"76","author":"BT Kress","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kress BT, Iliff JJ, Xia M, Wang M, Wei HS, Zeppenfeld D, et al. Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain. Ann Neurol. 2014;76(6):845\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7717","key":"1275_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","volume":"560","author":"S Da Mesquita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Da Mesquita S, Louveau A, Vaccari A, Smirnov I, Cornelison RC, Kingsmore KM, et al. Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2018;560(7717):185\u201391.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1275_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121537","author":"G Ringstad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Valnes LM, Dale AM, Pripp AH, Vatnehol SS, Emblem KE, et al. Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. JCI Insight. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.121537.","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-017-0617-z","volume":"35","author":"T Taoka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taoka T, Masutani Y, Kawai H, Nakane T, Matsuoka K, Yasuno F, et al. Evaluation of glymphatic system activity with the diffusion MR technique: diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease cases. Jpn J Radiol. 2017;35(4):172\u20138.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"1275_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5675014","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5675014","volume":"2019","author":"H Yokota","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yokota H, Vijayasarathi A, Cekic M, Hirata Y, Linetsky M, Ho M, et al. Diagnostic performance of glymphatic system evaluation using diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and mimickers. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2019;2019:5675014.","journal-title":"Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res"},{"key":"1275_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00300","volume":"14","author":"G Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang G, Deng N, Liu Y, Gu Y, Yao X. Evaluation of glymphatic system using diffusion MR technique in T2DM cases. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14:300.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1275_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.11.009","volume":"82","author":"YJ Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae YJ, Choi BS, Kim JM, Choi JH, Cho SJ, Kim JH. Altered glymphatic system in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Parkinson Relat Disord. 2021;82:56\u201360.","journal-title":"Parkinson Relat Disord"},{"key":"1275_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559603","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.559603","volume":"12","author":"W Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou W, Shen B, Shen WQ, Chen H, Zheng YF, Fei JJ. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system might be related to iron deposition in the normal aging brain. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:559603.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12837","volume":"31","author":"CE Steward","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steward CE, Venkatraman VK, Lui E, Malpas CB, Ellis KA, Cyarto EV, et al. Assessment of the DTI-ALPS parameter along the perivascular space in older adults at risk of dementia. J Neuroimaging. 2021;31(3):569\u201378.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"1275_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4034509","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4034509","volume":"2021","author":"HL Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen HL, Chen PC, Lu CH, Tsai NW, Yu CC, Chou KH, et al. Associations among cognitive functions, plasma DNA, and diffusion tensor image along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:4034509.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"1275_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674898","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.674898","volume":"15","author":"CH Toh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toh CH, Siow TY, Castillo M. Peritumoral brain edema in meningiomas may be related to glymphatic dysfunction. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:674898.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"1275_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.06.004","volume":"89","author":"CD McKnight","year":"2021","unstructured":"McKnight CD, Trujillo P, Lopez AM, Petersen K, Considine C, Lin YC, et al. Diffusion along perivascular spaces reveals evidence supportive of glymphatic function impairment in Parkinson disease. Parkinson Relat Disord. 2021;89:98\u2013104.","journal-title":"Parkinson Relat Disord"},{"key":"1275_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118257","volume":"238","author":"W Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Gong X, Chen Z, Zhang X, et al. Glymphatic clearance function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Neuroimage. 2021;238:118257.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"1275_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-021-01187-5","author":"T Taoka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taoka T, Ito R, Nakamichi R, Kamagata K, Sakai M, Kawai H, et al. Reproducibility of diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) for evaluating interstitial fluid diffusivity and glymphatic function: CHanges in Alps index on Multiple conditiON acquIsition eXperiment (CHAMONIX) study. Jpn J Radiol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-021-01187-5.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol."},{"key":"1275_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10799-w","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Lee DA, Shin KJ, Park KM. Glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10799-w.","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"1275_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744318","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.744318","volume":"11","author":"CH Toh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toh CH, Siow TY. Factors associated with dysfunction of glymphatic system in patients with glioma. Front Oncol. 2021;11:744318.","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"1275_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725354","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.725354","volume":"11","author":"CH Toh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toh CH, Siow TY, Castillo M. peritumoral brain edema in metastases may be related to glymphatic dysfunction. Front Oncol. 2021;11:725354.","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"1275_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7334","author":"J Kikuta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kikuta J, Kamagata K, Takabayashi K, Taoka T, Yokota H, Andica C, et al. An Investigation of Water Diffusivity Changes along the Perivascular Space in Elderly Subjects with Hypertension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A7334.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"1275_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756249","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.756249","volume":"13","author":"CH Toh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toh CH, Siow TY. Glymphatic dysfunction in patients with ischemic stroke. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:756249.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"1275_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e054885","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054885","volume":"11","author":"I Okada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okada I, Iwamoto K, Miyata S, Fujimoto A, Tanaka M, Amano M, et al. FLUID study: study protocol for an open-label, single-centre pilot study to investigate the efFect of Lemborexant on sleep management in Japanese sUbjects aged 50 years and older with Insomnia Disorder. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e054885.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"1275_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773951","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.773951","volume":"13","author":"X Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Li S, Li C, Wang R, Chen M, Chen H, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space index in different stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:773951.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"1275_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013215","author":"TY Siow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siow TY, Toh CH, Hsu JL, Liu GH, Lee SH, Chen NH, et al. Association of sleep, neuropsychological performance, and gray matter volume with glymphatic function in community-dwelling older adults. Neurology. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013215.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"1275_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13573","author":"DA Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee DA, Lee HJ, Park KM. Glymphatic dysfunction in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder. Acta Neurol Scand. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ane.13573.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"key":"1275_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab454","author":"A Carotenuto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carotenuto A, Cacciaguerra L, Pagani E, Preziosa P, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Glymphatic system impairment in multiple sclerosis: relation with brain damage and disability. Brain. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab454.","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"1275_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789918","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.789918","volume":"12","author":"H Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu H, Yang S, He W, Liu X, Sun S, Wang S, et al. Associations among diffusion tensor image along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), enlarged perivascular space (ePVS), and cognitive functions in asymptomatic patients with carotid plaque. Front Neurol. 2021;12:789918.","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"1275_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809438","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.809438","volume":"12","author":"CM Heo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heo CM, Lee WH, Park BS, Lee YJ, Park S, Kim YW, et al. Glymphatic Dysfunction in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. Front Neurol. 2021;12:809438.","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"1275_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee DA, Park BS, Ko J, Park SH, Park JH, Kim IH, et al. Glymphatic system function in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy. Brain Behav. 2022:e2504.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1041428\/v1"},{"key":"1275_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kikuta J, Kamagata K, Taoka T, Takabayashi K, Uchida W, Saito Y, et al. Water diffusivity changes along the perivascular space after lumboperitoneal shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Front Neurol. 2022;13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.843883"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.1999.00215.x","volume":"19","author":"T Okudera","year":"1999","unstructured":"Okudera T, Huang YP, Fukusumi A, Nakamura Y, Hatazawa J, Uemura K. Micro-angiographical studies of the medullary venous system of the cerebral hemisphere. Neuropathology. 1999;19(1):93\u2013111.","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0892-9","volume":"54","author":"A Iwamura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iwamura A, Taoka T, Fukusumi A, Sakamoto M, Miyasaka T, Ochi T, et al. Diffuse vascular injury: convergent-type hemorrhage in the supratentorial white matter on susceptibility-weighted image in cases of severe traumatic brain damage. Neuroradiology. 2012;54(4):335\u201343.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160061","volume":"37","author":"T Taoka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taoka T, Fukusumi A, Miyasaka T, Kawai H, Nakane T, Kichikawa K, et al. Structure of the medullary veins of the cerebral hemisphere and related disorders. Radiographics. 2017;37(1):281\u201397.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"11","key":"1275_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2112-16.2017","volume":"37","author":"M Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang M, Ding F, Deng S, Guo X, Wang W, Iliff JJ, et al. Focal solute trapping and global glymphatic pathway impairment in a murine model of multiple microinfarcts. J Neurosci. 2017;37(11):2870\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25670","volume":"87","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Cai J, Zhang W, Gong X, Yan S, Zhang K, et al. Impairment of the glymphatic pathway and putative meningeal lymphatic vessels in the aging human. Ann Neurol. 2020;87(3):357\u201369.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR35","first-page":"375","volume":"19","author":"S Naganawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naganawa S, Ito R, Kawai H, Taoka T, Yoshida T, Sone M. Confirmation of age-dependence in the leakage of contrast medium around the cortical veins into cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent. Magn Reson Med Sci MRMS Off J Jpn Soc Magn Reson Med. 2020;19(4):375\u201381.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci MRMS Off J Jpn Soc Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR36","first-page":"163","volume":"18","author":"S Naganawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naganawa S, Nakane T, Kawai H, Taoka T. Age dependence of gadolinium leakage from the cortical veins into the cerebrospinal fluid assessed with whole brain 3D-real inversion recovery MR imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci MRMS Off J Jpn Soc Magn Reson Med. 2019;18(2):163\u20139.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci MRMS Off J Jpn Soc Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1275_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa179","volume":"143","author":"IF Harrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrison IF, Ismail O, Machhada A, Colgan N, Ohene Y, Nahavandi P, et al. Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Brain. 2020;143(8):2576\u201393.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1275_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe4601","author":"S Da Mesquita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Da Mesquita S, Herz J, Wall M, Dykstra T, de Lima KA, Norris GT, et al. Aging-associated deficit in CCR7 is linked to worsened glymphatic function, cognition, neuroinflammation, and beta-amyloid pathology. Sci Adv. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abe4601.","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"1275_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1549-1","volume":"13","author":"S Naganawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Naganawa S, Sato K, Katagiri T, Mimura T, Ishigaki T. Regional ADC values of the normal brain: differences due to age, gender, and laterality. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(1):6\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200008)44:2<259::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"44","author":"A Pfefferbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Hedehus M, Lim KO, Adalsteinsson E, Moseley M. Age-related decline in brain white matter anisotropy measured with spatially corrected echo-planar diffusion tensor imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2000;44(2):259\u201368.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"1275_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117441","volume":"224","author":"D Beck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beck D, de Lange AG, Maximov II, Richard G, Andreassen OA, Nordvik JE, et al. White matter microstructure across the adult lifespan: a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional study using advanced diffusion models and brain-age prediction. Neuroimage. 2021;224:117441.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"1275_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00046","volume":"3","author":"NR Saunders","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saunders NR, Liddelow SA, Dziegielewska KM. Barrier mechanisms in the developing brain. Front Pharmacol. 2012;3:46.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0622-2","volume":"59","author":"CD van der Marel","year":"2003","unstructured":"van der Marel CD, Anderson BJ, Pluim MA, de Jong TH, Gonzalez A, Tibboel D. Acetaminophen in cerebrospinal fluid in children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;59(4):297\u2013302.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1275_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.043","volume":"68","author":"RD Bell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bell RD, Winkler EA, Sagare AP, Singh I, LaRue B, Deane R, et al. Pericytes control key neurovascular functions and neuronal phenotype in the adult brain and during brain aging. Neuron. 2010;68(3):409\u201327.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"1275_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.032","volume":"85","author":"A Montagne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Montagne A, Barnes SR, Sweeney MD, Halliday MR, Sagare AP, Zhao Z, et al. Blood-brain barrier breakdown in the aging human hippocampus. Neuron. 2015;85(2):296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"1275_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1373897","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1373897","volume":"5","author":"C Delaney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Delaney C, Campbell M. The blood brain barrier: Insights from development and ageing. Tissue Barriers. 2017;5(4):e1373897.","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers."},{"issue":"6","key":"1275_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-012-0556-0","volume":"14","author":"DM van Assema","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Assema DM, Lubberink M, Boellaard R, Schuit RC, Windhorst AD, Scheltens P, et al. P-glycoprotein function at the blood-brain barrier: effects of age and gender. Mol Imaging Biol. 2012;14(6):771\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-022-01275-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-022-01275-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-022-01275-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]],"date-time":"2024-09-22T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1727038868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-022-01275-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-022-01275-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no other conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was performed with the approval of the institutional review board of Nagoya University (2021\u20130228).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}]}}