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Two chest radiologists evaluated the HRCT findings, including ground-glass opacity, consolidation, nodules, and thickening of bronchovascular bundles (BVBs) and interlobular septa (ILS). After comparing these CT findings among the three groups using the <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>test, multiple logistic regression analyses (infectious vs noninfectious diseases, DILI vs non-DILI, and PIUM vs non-PIUM) were performed to detect useful indicators for differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Significant differences were detected in many HRCT findings by the <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test. The results from the multiple logistic regression analyses identified several indicators: nodules without a perilymphatic distribution [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012, odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 4.464 (1.355\u201311.904)], nodules with a tree-in-bud pattern [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011, 8.364 (1.637\u201342.741)], and the absence of ILS thickening[<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003, 3.621 (1.565\u20138.381)] for infectious diseases, the presence of ILS thickening [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, 7.166 (2.343\u201321.915)] for DILI, and nodules with a perilymphatic distribution [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011, 4.256 (1.397\u201312.961)] and lymph node enlargement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008, 3.420 (1.385\u20138.441)] for PIUM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ILS thickening, nodules with a perilymphatic distribution, tree-in-bud pattern, and lymph node enlargement could be useful indicators for differentiating among infectious diseases, DILI, and PIUM in patients with hematological malignancies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-022-01328-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T07:04:41Z","timestamp":1662707081000},"page":"27-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, drug-induced lung injury, and pulmonary infiltration due to underlying malignancy in patients with hematological malignancy using HRCT"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6608-285X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Kunihiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reo","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Yujiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshikazu","family":"Gondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiga","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1328_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.1.8259414","volume":"190","author":"MJ Brown","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brown MJ, Miller RR, Muller NL. 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They also declare that there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The institutional review board of the institution approved this study. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design.The authors declare that they preserve ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}