{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:51:18Z","timestamp":1787165478603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety of propofol sedation administered by interventional radiologists during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propofol sedation was administered by interventional radiologists in 72 patients (85 procedures, 93 tumors) during RFA for HCC between August 2018 and December 2020. Interventional radiologists equipped with adequate knowledge and skills in sedation and respiratory management were responsible for sedation. Sedation was carefully assessed based on vital signs, including end-tidal carbon dioxide, consciousness status, and bispectral index. The primary endpoint was the incidence of sedation-related complications, which were evaluated separately as respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Secondary endpoints were technical success rate, ablation-related complications, and local tumor control rate. Technical success was defined as completion of ablation in the planned area. Complications were evaluated using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification. Sedation-related complications, technical success rate, and ablation-related complications were evaluated on a procedure basis, and local tumor control was evaluated on a tumor basis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory and cardiovascular complications were observed in eight (8\/85, 9.4%) and two (2\/85, 2.4%) patients, respectively. Four patients required the jaw thrust maneuver due to glossoptosis, whereas a decrease in oxygen saturation to\u2009&lt;\u200990% was recorded in the other four patients. However, these were temporary, and none required manual ventilation or endotracheal intubation. Bradycardia (&lt;\u200950\u00a0bpm) was detected in two patients; one recovered immediately without treatment, whereas the other rapidly improved after atropine sulfate administration. No severe hypotension (&lt;\u200980\u00a0mmHg) was observed. The technical success rate was 100% (85\/85). Grade 3 ablation-related complications were identified in three patients (3\/85, 3.5%). The local tumor control rate was 95.7% (89\/93).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propofol sedation can be safely administered by interventional radiologists during RFA for HCC. Although it requires special safety considerations, it may be a sedation option during hepatic RFA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-024-01615-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T04:02:24Z","timestamp":1719374544000},"page":"1290-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Safety of propofol sedation administered by interventional radiologists for radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8543-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4597-1500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyuki","family":"Sone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5409-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2884-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chihiro","family":"Itou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6123-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizuki","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsufumi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2953-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2146-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kusumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1615_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1615_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.425","volume":"107","author":"S Shiina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shiina S, Tateishi R, Arano T, Uchino K, Enooku K, Nakagawa H, et al. Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: 10-year outcome and prognostic factors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:569\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2011.425.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1615_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20892","volume":"103","author":"R Tateishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tateishi R, Shiina S, Teratani T, Obi S, Sato S, Koike Y, et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 1000 cases. Cancer. 2005;103:1201\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.20892.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1615_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130940","volume":"270","author":"DH Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee DH, Lee JM, Lee JY, Kim SH, Yoon JH, Kim YJ, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as first-line treatment: long-term results and prognostic factors in 162 patients with cirrhosis. Radiology. 2014;270:900\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.13130940.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1615_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2343040350","volume":"234","author":"R Lencioni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lencioni R, Cioni D, Crocetti L, Franchini C, Pina CD, Lera J, et al. Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: long-term results of percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation. Radiology. 2005;234:961\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2343040350.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1615_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2262012198","volume":"226","author":"T Livraghi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Livraghi T, Solbiati L, Meloni MF, Gazelle GS, Halpern EF, Goldberg SN. Treatment of focal liver tumors with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: complications encountered in a multicenter study. Radiology. 2003;226:441\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2262012198.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1615_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02168.x","volume":"89","author":"S Mulier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mulier S, Mulier P, Ni Y, Miao Y, Dupas B, Marchal G, et al. Complications of radiofrequency coagulation of liver tumours. Br J Surg. 2002;89:1206\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02168.x.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1615_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4756147","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4756147","volume":"2018","author":"S Shiina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shiina S, Sato K, Tateishi R, Shimizu M, Ohama H, Hatanaka T, et al. Percutaneous ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of various ablation techniques and surgery. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;2018:4756147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4756147.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1615_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318239c2e3","volume":"114","author":"R Lai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lai R, Peng Z, Chen D, Wang X, Xing W, Zeng W, et al. The effects of anesthetic technique on cancer recurrence in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Anesth Analg. 2012;114:290\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318239c2e3.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1615_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)70827-8","volume":"7","author":"HJ Wagner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wagner HJ, Nowacki J, Klose KJ. Propofol versus midazolam for sedation during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1996;7:673\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1051-0443(96)70827-8.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1615_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0865-z","volume":"36","author":"K Sato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sato K, Taniki N, Kanazawa R, Shimizu M, Ishii S, Ohama H, et al. Efficacy and safety of deep sedation in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Ther. 2019;36:344\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-018-0865-z.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"1615_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.07.001","volume":"40","author":"S Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m S, Twycross R, Mihalyo M, Wilcock A. Propofol J Pain Symptom Manag. 2010;40:466\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.07.001.","journal-title":"Propofol J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"1615_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.12.046","volume":"67","author":"KR McQuaid","year":"2008","unstructured":"McQuaid KR, Laine L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of moderate sedation for routine endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:910\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2007.12.046.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1615_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07638.x","volume":"98","author":"J DeWitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"DeWitt J, LeBlanc J, McHenry L, Ciaccia D, Imperiale T, Chappo J, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of solid liver lesions: a large single-center experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:1976\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07638.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1615_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-96","volume":"32","author":"M Jung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jung M, Hofmann C, Kiesslich R, Brackertz A. Improved sedation in diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: propofol is an alternative to midazolam. Endoscopy. 2000;32:233\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2000-96.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1615_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41672.x","volume":"100","author":"A Riphaus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riphaus A, Stergiou N, Wehrmann T. Sedation with propofol for routine ERCP in high-risk octogenarians: a randomized, controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1957\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41672.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1615_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006268.pub2","volume":"2008","author":"H Singh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh H, Poluha W, Cheung M, Choptain N, Baron KI, Taback SP. Propofol for sedation during colonoscopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;2008: CD006268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006268.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1615_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-945195","volume":"39","author":"A Meining","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meining A, Semmler V, Kassem AM, Sander R, Frankenberger U, Burzin M, et al. The effect of sedation on the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: an investigator-blinded, randomized study comparing propofol with midazolam. Endoscopy. 2007;39:345\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-945195.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1615_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00742-1","volume":"3","author":"MA Qadeer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qadeer MA, Vargo JJ, Khandwala F, Lopez R, Zuccaro G. Propofol versus traditional sedative agents for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:1049\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00742-1.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1615_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053311","volume":"8","author":"D Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang D, Chen C, Chen J, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhu Z, et al. The use of propofol as a sedative agent in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e53311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053311.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"1615_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02273-y","volume":"42","author":"RS Puijk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puijk RS, Ziedses des Plantes VZ, Nieuwenhuizen S, Ruarus AH, Vroomen LGPH, de Jong MC, et al. Propofol compared to midazolam sedation and to general anesthesia for percutaneous microwave ablation in patients with hepatic malignancies: a single-center comparative analysis of three historical cohorts. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2019;42(11):1597\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-019-02273-y.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1615_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12483","volume":"5","author":"N Kanogawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanogawa N, Ogasawara S, Ooka Y, Inoue M, Wakamatsu T, Yokoyama M, et al. Propofol versus midazolam for sedation during radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. JGH Open. 2021;5:273\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgh3.12483.","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"1615_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jaccoa.2017.08.00303","author":"S Amornyotin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amornyotin S, Kongphlay S. Propofol-based deep sedation for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in sick elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a developing country. JACCOA. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/jaccoa.2017.08.00303.","journal-title":"JACCOA"},{"key":"1615_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001349","volume":"94","author":"KW Joung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joung KW, Choi SS, Jang DM, Kong YG, Lee HM, Shim JH, et al. Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on US-guided radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasm under monitored anesthesia care: a randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94: e1349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000001349.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1615_CR25","unstructured":"The Royal College of Radiologists. Sedation, analgesia and anaesthesia in the radiology department. 2nd ed. BFCR (18) 2 London: The Royal College of Radiologists, 2018 https:\/\/www.rcr.ac.uk\/. Accessed 3 Sept 2022."},{"key":"1615_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1576-6","volume":"40","author":"A Vari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vari A, Gangi A. Anesthesia practices for interventional radiology in Europe. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2017;40:803\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-017-1576-6.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1615_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1393414","volume":"47","author":"JM Dumonceau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dumonceau JM, Riphaus A, Schreiber F, Vilmann P, Beilenhoff U, Aparicio JR, et al. Non-anesthesiologist administration of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates Guideline-updated June 2015. Endoscopy. 2015;47:1175\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1393414.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"1615_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-194105000-00004","volume":"2","author":"M Saklad","year":"1941","unstructured":"Saklad M. Grading of patients for surgical procedures. Anesthesiology. 1941;2:281\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-194105000-00004.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1615_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816d91b5","volume":"108","author":"F Chung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, Chung SA, Vairavanathan S, Islam S, et al. STOP questionnaire: a tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2008;108:812\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816d91b5.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1615_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00001-K","volume":"7","author":"JA Aldrete","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aldrete JA. The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited. J Clin Anesth. 1995;7:89\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00001-K.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"1615_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-022-03184-1","volume":"45","author":"M Schlappa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schlappa M, W\u00fcst W, Siebler J, Gr\u00fctzmann R, Uder M, Schmid A. Efficacy and safety of angioplasty balloon interposition in CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatic malignancies to protect adjacent organs. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022;45:1401\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-022-03184-1.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"1615_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.5754\/hge11988","volume":"59","author":"S Iwai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iwai S, Sakaguchi H, Fujii H, Kobayashi S, Morikawa H, Enomoto M, et al. Benefits of artificially induced pleural effusion and\/or ascites for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma located on the liver surface and in the hepatic dome. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59:546\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5754\/hge11988.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"1615_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae","volume":"240","author":"D Dindo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1615_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.2.177","volume":"65","author":"F Servin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Servin F, Cockshott ID, Farinotti R, Haberer JP, Winckler C, Desmonts JM. Pharmacokinetics of propofol infusions in patients with cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth. 1990;65:177\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/65.2.177.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1615_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.2.190","volume":"27","author":"AJ MacGilchrist","year":"1986","unstructured":"MacGilchrist AJ, Birnie GG, Cook A, Scobie G, Murray T, Watkinson G, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous midazolam in patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis. Gut. 1986;27:190\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.27.2.190.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1615_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3608-x","volume":"60","author":"BG Goudra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goudra BG, Singh PM, Gouda G, Borle A, Gouda D, Dravida A, et al. Safety of non-anesthesia provider-administered propofol (NAAP) sedation in advanced gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: comparative meta-analysis of pooled results. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60:2612\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-015-3608-x.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1615_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur328","volume":"14","author":"TV Salukhe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salukhe TV, Willems S, Drewitz I, Steven D, Hoffmann BA, Heitmann K, et al. Propofol sedation administered by cardiologists without assisted ventilation for long cardiac interventions: an assessment of 1000 consecutive patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Europace. 2012;14:325\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/eur328.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"1615_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2017.12.008","volume":"72","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamaguchi T, Shimakawa Y, Mitsumizo S, Fukui A, Kawano Y, Otsubo T, et al. Feasibility of total intravenous anesthesia by cardiologists with the support of anesthesiologists during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol. 2018;72:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2017.12.008.","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"128","key":"1615_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002043","volume":"2018","author":"Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology. 2018;2018(128):437\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002043.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1615_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02536-z","volume":"43","author":"S Romagnoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Romagnoli S, Fanelli F, Barbani F, Uberoi R, Esteban E, Lee MJ, et al. CIRSE standards of practice on analgesia and sedation for interventional radiology in adults. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2020;43:1251\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02536-z.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1615_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000321621","volume":"84","author":"MA Qadeer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qadeer MA, Lopez AR, Dumot JA, Vargo JJ. Hypoxemia during moderate sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: causes and associations. Digestion. 2011;84:37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000321621.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"1615_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70353-2","volume":"56","author":"T Wehrmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wehrmann T, Grotkamp J, Stergiou N, Riphaus A, Kluge A, Lembcke B, et al. Electroencephalogram monitoring facilitates sedation with propofol for routine ERCP: a randomized, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56:817\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70353-2.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1615_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215342","volume":"41","author":"GA Paspatis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paspatis GA, Chainaki I, Manolaraki MM, Vardas E, Theodoropoulou A, Tribonias G, et al. Efficacy of bispectral index monitoring as an adjunct to propofol deep sedation for ERCP: a randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy. 2009;41:1046\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0029-1215342.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01615-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01615-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01615-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T10:08:57Z","timestamp":1730282937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01615-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-024-01615-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of National Cancer Center Hospital (Date: Oct 5, 2023\/No. 2023-142).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained in the form of optout by public announcement.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}