{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T20:16:15Z","timestamp":1773087375353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To investigate the age-related changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) during long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This multicenter study included 91 patients who underwent preoperative MRI and had a histopathological diagnosis of LEGH, atypical LEGH, or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) with LEGH after surgical resection. Thirty patients underwent follow-up MRIs at intervals of more than 3\u00a0months. According to the age and menopausal status, patients were categorized into four groups: group A, 31\u201340\u00a0years; group B, 41\u201350\u00a0years (premenopausal); group C, more than 50\u00a0years (premenopausal); group D, postmenopausal. Differences in the MRI findings (size and morphological pattern) were compared among the four groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The lesion volume was the largest in group C and smallest in group D, showing a statistically significant difference (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The typical cosmos pattern was seen in 60.0% of group A, 62.2% of group B, 75.0% of group C, and 29.2% of group D. The cosmos pattern was significantly less frequent in postmenopausal patients compared to premenopausal patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). During follow-up, five of 12 individuals in group A exhibited the typical cosmos pattern. Among the seven individuals who did not initially show the cosmos pattern, two later developed the typical cosmos pattern. No changes in the lesion pattern were observed in participants in their 40\u00a0s up to the premenopausal 50\u00a0s. From the premenopausal 50\u00a0s to the postmenopausal period, the cosmos pattern changed to a microcystic pattern in one case of atypical LEGH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>LEGH increases in volume with age until menopause, along with an increasing frequency of the typical cosmos pattern in MRI. However, after menopause, both the volume of the lesion and frequency of the typical cosmos pattern decrease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01748-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T06:37:16Z","timestamp":1739515036000},"page":"985-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Age-related changes in the radiologic findings of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayumi","family":"Ohya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Fukuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Himoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tsuboyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"Kikkawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Iraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimiteru","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunari","family":"Fujinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1748_CR1","unstructured":"Nucci MR, Ganesan R, Kong CS, Liao SY, Moritani S. Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. In: Board TWCoTE, editor. Female genital tumours. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020. p. 357."},{"key":"1748_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0323-6","volume":"40","author":"T Tsuboyama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsuboyama T, Yamamoto K, Nakai G, Yamada T, Fujiwara S, Terai Y, et al. A case of gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging. 2015;40:459\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-014-0323-6.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"1748_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13528","volume":"44","author":"A Ohya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohya A, Asaka S, Fujinaga Y, Kadoya M. Uterine cervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: radiologic-pathologic correlation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2018;44:312\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.13528.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"1748_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050172","volume":"432","author":"K Ishii","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ishii K, Hosaka N, Toki T, Momose M, Hidaka E, Tsuchiya S, et al. A new view of the so-called adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix. Virchows Arch. 1998;432:315\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004280050172.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"1748_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0142(19991025)87:5<245::aid-cncr2>3.0.co;2-0","volume":"87","author":"K Ishii","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ishii K, Katsuyama T, Ota H, Watanabe T, Matsuyama I, Tsuchiya S, et al. Cytologic and cytochemical features of adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix. Cancer Cytopathol. 1999;87:245\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-0142(19991025)87:5%3c245::aid-cncr2%3e3.0.co;2-0.","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"1748_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-8981(01)00611-8","volume":"312","author":"K Ishii","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ishii K, Kumagai T, Tozuka M, Ota H, Katsuyama T, Kurihara M, et al. A new diagnostic method for adenoma malignum and related lesions: latex agglutination test with a new monoclonal antibody, HIK1083. Clin Chim Acta. 2001;312:231\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-8981(01)00611-8.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"1748_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14602","volume":"47","author":"A Ohya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ohya A, Kobara H, Miyamoto T, Komatsu M, Shiozawa T, Fujinaga Y. Usefulness of \u201ccosmos pattern\u201d for differentiating between cervical gastric-type mucin-positive lesions and other benign cervical cystic lesions in magnetic resonance images. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021;47:745\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.14602.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"1748_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31821f746c","volume":"21","author":"A Takatsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takatsu A, Shiozawa T, Miyamoto T, Kurosawa K, Kashima H, Yamada T, et al. Preoperative differential diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma and lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia of the uterine cervix: a multicenter study of clinicopathology and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2011;21:1287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31821f746c.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"1748_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221088","volume":"14","author":"M Omori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omori M, Kondo T, Tagaya H, Watanabe Y, Fukasawa H, Kawai M, et al. Utility of imaging modalities for predicting carcinogenesis in lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. PLoS ONE. 2019;14: e0221088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221088.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1748_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2020-001612","volume":"30","author":"H Kobara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kobara H, Miyamoto T, Ando H, Asaka R, Takatsu A, Ohya A, et al. Limited frequency of malignant change in lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020;30:1480\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ijgc-2020-001612.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"1748_CR11","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022."},{"key":"1748_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02057.x","volume":"46","author":"Y Mikami","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mikami Y, Kiyokawa T, Moriya T, Sasano H. Immunophenotypic alteration of the stromal component in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (\u2018adenoma malignum\u2019) and endocervical glandular hyperplasia: a study using oestrogen receptor and alpha-smooth muscle actin double immunostaining. Histopathology. 2005;46:130\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02057.x.","journal-title":"Histopathology"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01748-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01748-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01748-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T05:19:45Z","timestamp":1748582385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01748-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01748-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethical committee of our institution (no. 2023\u2013048).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}